Introduction:Mix Design of Concrete is something where we find out the quantities of it's ingredients.It's ingredients comprise commonly the cement and aggregates.And we even find the quantity of any admixture if used along with the flyash if used.And to ultimately represent a ratio of cement to aggregates i.e.,cement:fine…

The list of the drawings required for doing a project are: Centre Line Drawing Footing and Column layout with the reinforcement details Column schedule with reinforcement details Plinth beam layout with the reinforcement details First floor beam layout with reinforcement details First floor slab layout with reinforcement…

Aim:To draw the given images using AutoCAD by providing the required commands by using the various Coordinate Systems. Process:It just includes specifying the various points and by using the commands.We initially,start the diagram with LINE Command,this can be done by clicking on the LINE Diagram present on the Ribbon…

Aim:To draw the given various diagrams in AutoCAD using any coordinate system and by using various commands,functions,etc., present in the AutoCAD. Process:Here,we use any one of the Coordinate Sytems available to draw the diagrams in AutoCAD.And we even use various functions present in AutoCAD such as COPY,etc. C 1 Aim:…

Aim:To draw the given figures in AutoCAD using various functions and Commands. Process:To draw the given diagrams we use various Functions and Commands and we draw a few reference lines to get the ultimate diagram where we erase the reference lines thereafter. Figure 1 Aim: To draw the given diagram in AutoCAD. Process:…

Aim:To draw the given diagrams in AutoCAD using various Commands of the AutoCAD and the various Functions present in AutoCAD. Process:We draw the given diagrams in AutoCAD using the various Commands and Functions present in AutoCAD. The various Commands we use in the process of drawing are: LINE CIRCLE TRIM OFFSET And,we…

Aim:To draw the given Tables and Diagrams and to enter the Text in to the drawn tables and at required places for the drawn Diagram. Process:We just use the basic commands to draw the Tables and the Diagram and then we use the Text Commands to enter the Text in the drawn Tables and at required places for the drawn Diagram.…

AIM:To design and draft a layout of a Residential Building along with the Sections and the Front Elevation in the Plot Size of 60'x20' with East facing.And to draw even the Structural Drawings. PROCESS:We use the various Functions and Commands in AutoCAD to draft the layout of a Residential Building,where we even…

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1)The given images are ralted to the Kitchen Layout present in Challenge 6! Hatching is done for the Wall! Even few blocks are also added like Fridge,Stove,Oven and Chimney. The Dimensions are provided along with the Text. 2)The below images are related to the Elevation of the Plan given in the Challenge 7! Here Hatching…

1)Here,we had created a layout of the Plan and Section A-A of the Challenge 7! Here,we had usen the Template:Tutorial mArch. And,we had usen the A1 size paper for the layout. 2)Here,we had created a layout of the Kitchen present in the Challenge 6! And we had usen the A4 size paper for the layout.   3)Here,we had…

1)The images related to the 3D Furniture Element are given below. 2)The images related to the 3D Isolated Footing are given below. 3)The images related to the 3D AASTHO Type Girder are given below. 4)The images relaated to the 3D Drop Column with the panel are given below. 5)The images related to the 3D Isometric Model…

1) The below images describe a 3D view of a Building basing upon the Plan and Elevation.     2)The below images describe a 3D view of a Building Facade basing upon the Plan and Elevation.                  3)The below images describe a 3D view of a Staircase.  …

AIM: To create a 3 dimensional model of the residential building with a rendered view. PROCEDURE: Here,we create a 3 dimensional model of the residential building with a rendered view where we use AutoCAD Software to create it and here we use various Commands of AutoCAD while creating it. The Commands we use are: RECTANGLE…

1)We can create the Ceiling for the given building at certain floor/level using the ARCHITECTURE Tab. After going to the ARCHITECTURE Tab,we can find the option of CEILING,after clicking on it,we select the option of SKETCH CEILING,then various tools gets appeared such as RECTANGLE,LINE,PICK LINE,etc Where we choose…

1) a) Observation: From the above image,we can find few points. We can find the concrete has been crushed upto some part and even the reinforcement has been exposed to the environment.Even we can find some part of the concrete above the reinforcement is also been damaged. And the damage which is done to the beam is just…

1) Static Analysis:As the name suggests,static analysis deals with the objects which are static in nature.Static objects are those which are at rest. Dynamic Analysis:As the name sugests,dynamic analysis deals with the objects which are dynamic in nature.Dynamic objects are the objects which are not rest,which means either…

1) Symmetry  Looking at the image,we can easily conclude that the plan is symmetric in both the directions.It is having the symmetry in both the X direction and the Y direction. Redundancy  In the X direction,looking in to the image,we can conclude that the building is having more no. of columns in the X direction.And…

1) Restraint of Floor Shrinkage Observations From the first plan,we can find that the shear walls are provided all around the corners where by the the corners are fully restrained and the shear provided are also symmetrical on both the sides. From the second plan,we can find that the shear walls are provided on all the…

Initially,after opening the ETABS Software,we go to the New Model.  We then go to the option of Use Built-in Settings With,where we then select the required as shown. We,then select the options Custom Grid Spacing and Custom Story Data where we even edit those as required.   After the creating of the grids and…

Building A No. of Floors:2 Column Size:400 mm X 400mm Beam Size:300 mm X 400 mm Slab Thickness:150 mm Concrete Grade:M 30 Steel Grade:Fe 415 Wall Load:10 KN/(m^2) Live Load:3 KN/(m^2) Building B No. of Floors:5 Column Size:400 mm X 400mm Beam Size:300 mm X 400 mm Slab Thickness:150 mm Concrete Grade:M 30 Steel Grade:Fe…

The frame work is given below where the image comprises even the sizes of all the members.And this is the image before the analysis of the frame had been done. The below is the 7 span beam which is to be analyzed. And below is the 3 span beam which is to be analyzed. Now,after the analysis of the frame we proceed with…

Here,we design the column reinforcement for 2 columns in the given layout.  The below are the columns for which the column reinforcement is to be done. We then analyze the frame. For us to get the longitudinal reinforcement of the column,we go to the option Concrete Frame Design. Where then the longitudinal reinforcement…

The below is the given plan which comprises the shear walls entirely instead of the columns. And this is the shear wall which is to be designed. And we check weather its labelled or not using the display settings.   Now,we take the required values from the ETABS Software,where basing upon these we design the reinforcement.…

Gross Soil Pressure Factored Load=2000 KN Unfactored Load=2000/1.5=1333.33 KN For the Gross Soil Pressure,we do use only the unfactored load along with the self weight of the column and the surcharge load on the footing. But,as here we don't have any information related to the surcharge weight and the self weight of the…

For designing a building in ETABS software,initially we have to create a building where the basic step to continue with it is to create the grids and stories. Basing upon the architectural plan,we draw few columns and shear walls,where basing upon the column positions,we form the grids. So basing upon the distance between…

ISOLATED FOOTING The details of the Isolated Footing be, Isolated Footing Size=3.2 m X 3.2 m Column Size=400 mm X 400mm Factored Load=2000 KN Unfactored Load=2000/1.5=1333.33 KN fck=25 N/sq mm fy=415 N/sq mm Safe Soil Bearing Capacity=150 KN/sq m =>Dead Load=1333.33/2=666.66 KN =>Live Load=1333.33/2=666.66 KN Subgrade…

ETABS Initially,we start with the selection of New Model in the ETABS software. Where we initialize the new model as shown in the Model Initialization Tab. Where we give the required Grid data and the Storey data. Where the resultant grids are formed. The we continue with the definition of the materials. Where we go to…

Theory Challenge 1.1)To upload a .std file and to send via mail do comprise few steps. Initially,we have to go to the Mail and to Compose section,where we enter the recipient mail address who requires the file. Next,we drag the file from the folder containing the .std files to Compose section or we upload it by the option…

Theory Challenge 1.1) We can assign the circular section to the column by using the Properties Tab>Define>Circle. 1.2) We can assign the desired units to a model before starting the model alone as shown. 1.3) The parameters involved in the bay frame model are: Length Height Width No. of bays along length No. of bays…

Theory Answers 1.1)The primary load case we consider while construction are: Dead Load:It is the type of load which is nothing but the weight of the structure alone and is constant.So,it mainly comprises the weight of the columns,beams and slab. Super Imposed Load:It is also similar to the dead load but we consider it…

1.1)Project Work Space is the space present in the Tekla Structural Designer software,where it contains all the data of the project in different aspects such as Structure,Groups,Loading,Wind,Status,Connections. The Project Work Space is present on the top left corner of the screen as marked below. 1.2)Scene Content is…

Initially,we open the Staad.Pro software.We then go to New>Model Info and give the required details and select the Analytical Type and Metric Units. In the Job Info,we give the further details. Then,the workspace gets opened. Where intially form the nodes for one line. We use the option of Translational Repeat available…

Initially,we open the software,where we go to New Model thereafter.   When then initialize the model using the Use Built-in Settings With: option and we even provide the relevant details.   We then provide the required grid data as well the storey data using the options Custom Grid Spacing and Custom Story Data…

ETABS Initially,we open the software where we then continue with the option of New Model. We then initialize the model in the Model Intialization Tab by providing the relevant details. We then edit the default grid data in New Model Quick Template Tab>Edit Grid Data... We then provide the relevant spacings to form the…

1) Initially,we open the Tekla Structural Designer software.In the HOME Tab,we use the option of New to open a new file. The prime thing which we have to do at first will be the creation of the levels and grids.We go to MODEL Tab>Construction Levels. We then for a while create few levels as required but these may be altered…

1) The structure is modelled upto the Ground Floor.Now,we have to continue with the modelling of the remaining portion. Then as required,we go to HOME Tab>Manage Property Sets>New...>Members>Steel Beam.To model the beams required for the First Floor. We create a beam as required as shown. We then go to FF(First…

After the entire modelling part,we continue with the application of the loads.We then go to LOAD Tab>Loadcases. Where we then add the required load cases.  Then,we add the required combinations by LOAD Tab>Combination>Generate...>Delete all previously generated combinations>Next. And then we select…

2) Initially,to apply all the calculated loads,we have to create the various load cases.To do that,we go to LOAD Tab>Loadcases. And we add the required load cases by using the option of Add. After the successfull addition of the required load cases into the model.We move on to the work space,where we then select the…

1) Initially,we go to desired model which is to be analyzed.Then we go to ANALYZE Tab>1st Order Linear option as the model is just a basic structure with basic loads. And then we select the required Loadcases and Combinations from the resultant tab,but on a general scale we do select everything for the point of safety.…

1) After opening a new file in the 'Tekla Structural Designer',we go to HOME Tab>Manage Property Sets such that we can create the new required members. In the resultant tab,we go to New...Members>Concrete Column. And then we select the required parameters and as asked we give the cover as 50 mm. And in the same manner,we…

After the opening the software,we go to HOME Tab>New,to open a new file. Then,initially we have to form the grid lines,to do that,we go to MODEL Tab>Grid Line.Such that we form the required grid lines. And then we go for the required levels,we go to MODEL Tab>Construction Levels and create the required levels.…

1) To apply the loads,we initially create the load cases.To do that,we go to LOAD Tab>Loadcases. And then create the other required load cases.Where the basic loads cases for the dead and live load will be available. Where then to apply the Dead Load which comprises the Floor Finishes Weight as well as the Brick Wall…

1) Initially,we open the file. Then we go to LOAD Tab>Seismic Load>Seismic Wizard. As we design basing upon the IS Code,we continue with the Code Spectra option in the resultant tab. Where the dimensions are automatically considered and we give the further details such Zone 2,which was mentioned in the question and…

After running the analysis of the model.We go to Review View. Then we use the option of Status present in the REVIEW Tab,to check the status of the members. Then we select a sample column for the designing. Then we go to Interactive Design...>Static... Where we can find the results of the column.The Utilization Ratio…

1) Initially,we open the specific file. Where then we go to the REPORT Tab>Select>Member Design Calcs... along with this option we have few other from the drop down and we can select the required basing upon the requirement. After the suitable selection,we click on the Model Report option. Where in the resultant…

Initially,we open the file where the designing is to be done. We then select a footing which is to be designed. We then use the option of Design Member such that the footing gets designed automatically by the software. Where on the selection of it again,we can find the dimensions of the designed footing. We can find the…

After opening the software,we open a new file. Where then we create the different levels.To do that,we go to MODEL Tab>Construction Levels. Where then using the available options we do create the required levels. Then we form the grid lines using the options of Grid Line and Parallel(quick) present in the MODEL Tab.…

Initially, we open the software to create a new project. Where then we go to Enterprise>Enterprise Project Structure... Then we add a new EPS named "Skill Lync Education" using the Add option where we provide the required information. And we can find the required EPS in the Projects Section. Where we select the required…

Creation of Project Initially, we open the Primavera P6 software, where we then add a new project under the required EPS using the + available at the top right. Where we then proceed by providing the required details like name, id, dates, etc. So, the project is created after adding the required details, then we open the…

Initially, we create a new project in Primavera P6.And we Select EPS for the created project. And provide the required details.And open the created project.We then initially create the WBS for the project.We then add the activities under the respective WBS in the project. We provide the Activity ID and Activity Name…

Initially, we create a new project in Primavera P6.And we Select EPS for the created project. And provide the required details.And open the created project.We then initially create the WBS for the project.We then add the activities under the respective WBS in the project. We provide the Activity…