Consistency of Units

Many application requires the use of the second-order differential equation. The equation for the position of a simple pendulum is one of its examples. In this work, the position of the freely oscillated pendulum was observed using python programming. The below-shown equation is used for the motion of the simple pendulum. …

In this work, a Python program had to write to calculate the drag force against a cyclist. The drag force is an opposing force or the resistance to any object moving with respect to a surrounding fluid. It depends on the number of parameters such as density of air, the velocity of the body, the frontal area of the body,…

OBJECTIVE To create the PV diagram of Otto Cycle for the given inputs such as engine dimensions, pressure, and temperature, using Python programming. To obtain the thermal efficiency of the engine. PROCEDURE # Otto Cycle Simulator import math import matplotlib.pyplot as pyplot def engine_kinematics(bore, stroke, con_rod,…

OBJECTIVE To assign the stainless-steel material to the car body, and the structural steel to the wall. To give the different thickness to the car body, for three different cases. To mesh the model, and apply the boundary condition. To collect the results and interpret.   PROCEDURE This simulation was performed to…

OBJECTIVE To assign the tantalum material to the bullet, and the aluminum 1100, titanium alloy, and aluminum alloy material to the bucket, according to the case. To mesh the model, and apply the boundary condition. To collect the results and interpret.   PROCEDURE This simulation was performed to check the penetration…

OBJECTIVE To assign the structural steel material to the cutting tool, and steel 1006 to the workpiece. To mesh the model. To apply the boundary condition. To collect the results and interpret.   PROCEDURE This simulation was an analysis of a shearing operation on a workpiece. The tool and workpiece model can be seen…

OBJECTIVE To assign the structural steel, stainless steel, and titanium alloy material for the joint with the spring part, according to the case, and structural steel for the rest of the parts. To assign the joints. To mesh the model. To apply the boundary condition. To collect the results and interpret.   PROCEDURE…

OBJECTIVE To assign the structural steel material to the worm gear and worm wheel. To assign the joints. To mesh the model. To apply the boundary condition. To collect the results and interpret.   PROCEDURE This simulation was an analysis of worm gear and worm wheel. The model can be seen in the figure below. The…

TENSION AND TORSION TEST ANALYSIS USING ANSYS OBJECTIVE To assign the steel 1006 explicit material to the specimen. To mesh the model. To apply the boundary condition. To collect the results and interpret.   PROCEDURE This simulation was an analysis of the tension and torsion test. The model can be seen in the figure…

OBJECTIVE To assign the structural steel material to the cam, follower, and barrel. To assign the frictionless and frictional contact according to the case. To assign the joints. To mesh the model. To apply the boundary condition. To collect the results and interpret.   PROCEDURE This simulation was a cam-follower…

OBJECTIVE To assign the structural steel material to the wheel and the lever, and to the wire, the material had to assign according to the case. To assign the frictional contacts. To mesh the model. To apply the boundary condition. To collect the results and interpret.   PROCEDURE The simulation seems to be static…

OBJECTIVE To import the iPhone model. To import the required material properties. To assign the required material, and contacts. To mesh the model. To apply the boundary condition. To collect the results and interpret.   PROCEDURE In this work, there were two cases to analyze. In the first case, the iPhone was bent…

OBJECTIVE To assign the structural steel material to the sphere and structural steel (non-linear) to the plate. To assign the symmetry for solving the problem, as it is a quarter model. To assign the frictional contacts. To mesh the model. To apply the boundary condition. To collect the results and interpret.   PROCEDURE…

OBJECTIVE To assign the structural steel material to rollers, and copper to the workpiece. To assign the frictional contacts. To mesh the model. To apply the boundary condition. To collect the results and interpret.   PROCEDURE The simulation seems to be static non-linear, therefore, it had to solve using the Static…

INTRODUCTION In this work, a bracket model joined using welds was used to check the variation in the maximum directional deformation, equivalent strain, and stress, when the material of the weld nugget was changed according to the following three cases. Case 1: In this case, the material of the plates and welds was stainless…

OBJECTIVE To punch the sheet metal using different non-linear materials viz. aluminum alloy 1199, copper alloy, and magnesium alloy, and find out the equivalent stress, equivalent elastic strain, and total deformation developed in it. To change the coefficient of friction from 0.1 to 0.19, and compare the results. To refine…

Objective To mesh the model. To apply the boundary conditions. To do the analysis setting. Evaluate the results. To compare the total deformation, equivalent stress, and life of the wheel under 5E+05 N with 1E+05 N. Implement the user-defined result and calculate the total deformation from this result and check if it is…

Grid Dependency Test Meshing a component is the fundamental part of any FEA or finite element analysis. The basic idea behind meshing is to reduce the degree of freedom of the system from infinite to finite. Any component has an infinite number of atoms. Thus, if the atoms are considered as the points for calculation the…

Objective To mesh the spur gear model. To apply the boundary conditions. To do the analysis setting. Evaluate the results. To find out the stress, deformation, and stress intensity in spur gears. To carry out this simulation in three different cases, using cast iron material, cast steel material, and cast bronze material.…

OBJECTIVES To design the plates of two different cases. To mesh the model. To apply the boundary conditions. To evaluate the results. To find out the stress and displacement in both the plates, and find out which plate has performed well, from an analysis point of view. To find out which plate is good to manufacture.  …

BIRD STRIKE WITH PLANE INTRODUCTION A bird strike is not a rare event, to say. From literature, it was found that 8 out of 10,000 planes are affected by bird strike events. Although, engines of planes are designed like they can withstand a minimum of 3.5 kg of birds (without debris), if one engine gets failed, it can cross…

OBJECTIVE To represent joints modeling in ls-dyna, for rigid and deformable bodies.   SPHERICAL JOINT BETWEEN RIGID BODIES When two groups of elements are connected in such a way that one group swivel about the other group of elements, such a pair is called a spherical joint. The side mirror of a bike, tie rod ends…

OBJECTIVE To calculate the Mooney Rivlin and Ogden material constants. To compare it with the stress-strain data from the dog bone specimen tensile test.   PROCEDURE In this work, the hyperelastic material had to model. The stress-strain curve of the hyperelastic material is not like metals. Unlike the stress-strain…

MATERIAL MODELNG FROM RAW DATA USING LS-DYNA   OBJECTIVE To model the material for the graphite iron casting, based on the experimental data. To validate the result by performing the uniaxial test on the dog-bone specimen using FEA.   METHODOLOGY Figure 1: Methodology followed in the work for the material modeling.…

INTRODUCTION Mass-scaling is a technique whereby a non-physical mass is added to a structure in order to achieve a larger explicit timestep.[1] The timestep is a significant factor of the finite element analysis by which the computational time is determined. It is the time required for a shock wave to travel across…

INTRODUCTION Investigation of a pedestrian accident with a car is part of checking pedestrian safety. Experimentally, it is investigated by performing an accident onto an anthropomorphic test device (ATDs), also called a dummy, and seeing the scenario with 100s of cameras. Companies’ all-over the world follow global…

INTRODUCTION Two terms are frequently used when the properties of the material are discussed. One is the Poisson’s ratio, which defines the limit of stretching or deforming a material before failure, and the strain, which defines that how much the material has already been deformed due to applied load. But, in the…

SPOT WELD SIMULATION INTRODUCTION BIW (Body-in-white) is a frame of the vehicle, composed of sheet metals, which is integrated through various joints such as spot weld, seam weld, arc weld, brazing, hemming, adhesive bonds, etc.,  All these joints together are responsible for the vehicle’s integrity and dimensional…

INTRODUCTION A vehicle, after being completely manufactured and ready to run on the road, is tested, before launching into the market, to check its performance, safety, and durability. The number of sensors and transducers are connected to it, to collect the real-time data. However, a vehicle cannot be kept running for…

OBJECTIVE To mesh the bumper assembly, with the mesh size of 6 mm. To simulate the crash tube model as it is. To change the Inacti = 6, and run the simulation, To create the type 11 contact, and run the simulation. To remove the notches, remove the boundary condition on the rigid body node, and then run the simulation.…

AIM This work aims to inspect the variations coming up in the results of the simulation, with the changes in material properties.   OBJECTIVE To run the model with appropriate element properties, and with law 1 To run the model as it is. In /FAIL/JOHNSON, to change Ifail_sh=1, Dadv=1, and Ixfem=1, and run the model…

2D Shell Element Formulation   Aim The aim of this work is to inspect the difference between simulation of the crash of beam against the rigid wall with and without modification in element properties. Objective To change the run time to 55 ms. To change the number of animation steps to a minimum of 25 and a maximum…

  INTRODUCTION Morphing is one of the important tools in ANSA which is used to bring a change in the shape of any part. The importance of the morphing tool can be seen from the example of Datsun company’s GO+ car, which is the extended version of the GO car.  A similar example can be seen in the case of…

INTRODUCTION There are numerous patents filed regarding the rear-view mirror. They are concerning the attachment of sensor, anti-glare mirror, use of liquid crystal mirror, attachment of control circuit to measure the intensity of lights of the rear vehicle for taking corrective action against it, etc. Filing such patents…

INTRODUCTION A rear door of a car is subjected to a high vibration environment while a car is running. So, to analyze any part of the car a good deployment of the connection is required before any simulation. Any missing connection would lead to inaccurate results of the simulation. Door stiffness is directly related to…

INTRODUCTION Drop test is among the significant test for the cell phone industries. The cell phone is tested by dropping it from various angles to check its survival against damage. It is done to investigate the weaker zones of the mobile, due to which the cell could damage. To save the time and the capital required to…

DISCRETIZATION OF SIDE DOOR INNER PANEL Aim To obtain the discretized inner panel of the side door of a car for the virtual analysis. Objective To prepare the inner panel of the side door of a car for the virtual analysis by discretizing it into a finite number of elements.   PROCEDURE The .hm file of the inner panel…

Aim To obtain the discretized backdoor of a car for the virtual analysis. Objective To prepare the backdoor of a car for the virtual analysis by discretizing it into a finite number of elements.   PROCEDURE The backdoor model was comprised of 3 parts including the inner extract, the upper outer extract, and the lower…

INTRODUCTION FEM or finite element method is all about discretizing any object into small-sized elements, and then apply physics onto those elements to see the effect that occurs on the integrated elements. This is the basis of any finite element analysis technique. The direction of the force and its magnitude, the dof,…

INTRODUCTION IP substrate or instrument panel substrate (also called a dashboard), is a deep-drawn injection molded part of the car. It is a long panel on which various instruments like speedometer, tachometer, odometer, turn signal indicator, active lights indicator, etc. are fitted. Nowadays, with the advent of sensors…

In this work, a bracket model was taken to discretize and deploy the 1D elements, to connect the two brackets. For making the connections, both RBE2 and RBE3 were used, and the two brackets were then connected using, rod, bar, beam, and spring elements. A mass magnitude 10 was also deployed.   OBJECTIVE To obtain…

Aim To prepare housing parts for the finite element analysis, using solid elements. Objective To discretize the housing parts into the finite number of solid elements for finite element analysis using pre-processor software viz. Hypermesh.   PROCEDURE The STEP file of housing parts was imported in Hypermesh. There…

INTRODUCTION There are numerous designs, shapes, capacity, and colors of bottles and their caps all over the world. The very basic purpose of a bottle is to store any liquids or sometimes solids. A well-established company always designs a bottle with specific purposes like a bottle can be kept in a big or small bag, a…

OBJECTIVE To convert the values of given parameters from one unit system to another, and find out the conversion factor. The parameters with their values is as shown below: Mass = 1 kg Length = 1 m Time  =1 s Force = 1 N Stress = 1 Pa Energy = 1 N.m Density = 1 kg/m^3 Young's Modulus = 210 GPa Velocity = 56.33 kmph…

INTRODUCTION Passenger safety has been becoming an important criterion for vehicle manufacturers, over the years. The reason is certainly the ongoing development in road-ways and parallelly in vehicles. These two factors contribute to increasing the speed of the vehicle. This cannot behold true always, but for a vehicle…

INTRODUCTION CAE or computer-aided engineering is the process of making a product from its design, considering the kind of manufacturing process it should undergo, the material selection, its’s shape, and mass optimization, etc. to its computerized testing using various mathematics- and physics-based algorithms.…

 INTRODUCTION Almost every car has a front hood in different shapes and designs. It serves various purposes including covering the engine parts from wind and rain, ensuring its safety from external dirt particles, and providing a smooth flow of wind over the car, while it is running, which helps in providing the car…

INTRODUCTION The car hood can be seen in different shapes and sizes. It safeguards the engine parts from the atmosphere, ensures its safety, and also provides a smooth flow of wind over the car, while the car is running, which helps in providing the car a good aerodynamic performance. These are the most important benefits…

Aim To discretize the wheel floor panel of a car for the virtual analysis. Objective To prepare the wheel floor panel of a car for the virtual analysis by discretizing it into a finite number of elements.   PROCEDURE The wheel floor panel model was a single sheet metal part of 0.75 units. The panel had several smaller…

INTRODUCTION Explicit examples are the ones in which the solution of the current time-step depends only on the previous time-step, whereas in implicit examples the current time-step depends on the previous as well as current time-step. This is because the implicit analysis tries to maintain the equilibrium by converging…

OBJECTIVE To check the unit system and either follow [Mg mm s] or [Kg mm ms]. To create the appropriate interface, friction 0.2, and recommended parameters. To make sure there is no penetration and intersection. To create a rigid wall with friction 0.1. To compare the model weight with the reference model and use added…

OBJECTIVE To check the unit system and either follow [Mg mm s] or [Kg mm ms]. To create the appropriate interface, friction 0.2, and recommended parameters. To make sure there is no penetration and intersection. To correct issues related to rigid bodies, if any present. To create a rigid wall with friction 0.1. To compare…

OBJECTIVE To free the parent geometry from all geometrical errors. To obtain the mid-surface of the parent geometry. To assign the material and geometrical property to the mid-surface. To set the required quality of the elements. To mesh the mid-surface with given quality criteria. To check for any discrepancy found in…

OBJECTIVES To find the material properties of the rail component. Calculate the speed of sound. Calculate the time the shock wave takes to travel the length of 1000 mm. Edit the engine file with termination time equal to the time it takes for a sound to travel the length of 1000 mm of the rail. Editing the engine file…