Aim To create a Matlab program to simulate the forward kinematics of a 2R Robotic Arm and present results in the form of a video.  Results The below figure shows the end output frame after the complete simulation of the robotic arm motion.   Video Link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1h0PIOVH8PHrMG4hOPR1OtYh3WtjssPo_/view?usp=sharing…

Aim To write a Matlab program that simulates and animates the motion of a pendulum using the ODE45 Solver.    Governing ODE Equation The ODE below represents the motion of simple pendulum with damping   `(d^2theta)/dt^2 + b/m (d theta)/dt + g/L sin theta = 0`   where, `theta` - is the angular displacement…

Aim To find the global maximum of the stalagmite function by optimisation using Matlab.    Introduction to Stalagmites and the stalagmite function Stalagmites are rock formations commonly observed in cave floors rising upwards. These are created from the accumulation of material deposits dripping from the ceilings of the…

Aim To extract the 14 coefficients of different species from the given NASA thermal data and estimate each species' Specific Heat Capacity (Cp), Enthalpy (H) and Entropy (S) along with its molecular weight using Matlab.    File Parsing File parsing is the process of reading data from a file, usually text, and transforming…

Aim To determine the mixing effectiveness of a mixing Tee with hot and cold inlets at `36^circ`C and `19^circ`C respectively with varying Momentum ratios and pipe length. Further, Compare the K-Epsilon and K-omega SST turbulence models for the given application.     Method The mixing Tee is a common device used…

Aim To simulate the flow over a cylinder to visualise and capture the Von Karman vortex street and estimate the Strouhal number for Reynold's number of 100 using steady state and unsteady simulations. Further, estimate the lift and drag coefficients on the cylinder at Reynold's numbers of 10,100,1000,10000,100000 and validate…

Aim To conduct a CFD study on the Ahmed body at 25m/s and evaluate its drag coefficient and perform a qualitative study on the vector and pressure contours from the study.   Ahmed Body and its Importance The Ahmed body, designed by SR Ahmed [1], is a generic car-shaped body which has all the major features of an automobile.…

Aim To perform a Conjugate Heat Transfer analysis of the given Exhaust port to visualise the temperature and velocity inside. Further, estimate the Heat Transfer coefficient and validate the same.   Introduction   Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) comprises heat transfer in solids, dominated by conduction, and heat…

Aim Conduct a CFD study on the Rayleigh Taylor Instability using water and air on two different meshes to understand the influence of the mesh on the simulation. Further, substitute air with a user-defined fluid with higher density to understand the influence of the Atwood number on the instability.    Introduction…

Aim Conduct a Conjugate Heat Transfer analysis on a model of a graphics card under forced convective airflow at 1, 3 and 5m/s respectively and retrieve the maximum temperature and heat transfer coefficient attained. Further, identify potential hotspots on the model that may be vulnerable to overheating.   Introduction…

Aim Perform an analysis on the given cyclone separator at various velocities and particle diameters to obtain cyclone separator efficiency and pressure drop.   Introduction Cyclone Separators are separation devices that employ inertia to remove particulate matter from gases. It involves a generation of a central vortex…

Aim Perform a parametric study on the given valve geometry with openings from 10% to 80% and obtain the mass flow rate and flow coefficient/flow factor for each valve opening.    Introduction Gate Valves are valves that open by lifting and dropping a barrier that is placed normal to the flow direction. A fully…

Aim Perform a combustion simulation on the given combustor geometry using Methane and air to evaluate the mass fractions of the various species and emissions along the combustor. Further, increase the water content of the fuel and evaluate the decrease in emissions if any.    Introduction Combustion processes…

Aim Perform a topology cleanup on the given pressure valve geometry and generate a surface mesh using triangular elements with lengths of 1, 3 and 5mm.   Learning Outcomes Perform topological cleanup on the various faces of the model Understand and rectify the various errors and warnings shown in the geometric checks.…

Aim Perform a topology cleanup on the given turbocharger model and generate a triangular surface mesh followed by a tetrahedral volume mesh based on the specified element sizings.   Learning Outcomes Performing topological cleanup on Geometries. Assigning appropriate PIDs to the various components. Generating surface mesh…

Aim Perform a detailed topological cleanup on the given BMW car model and generate a surface mesh with the given element sizings and quality criteria. Further, construct a wind tunnel domain outside the car for volume meshing.    Learning Outcomes Perform detailed topological cleanup on half body of the car.…

Aim Perform a basic topological cleanup on the given transmission, gearbox and engine components and conduct a surface wrap over the assembly using a 3mm target length.    Learning Outcomes Conduct basic topological cleanup and identify components that may interfere with surface wrap. Perform surface wrap with…

Aim Perform a detailed topological cleanup on the given Tesla Cybertruck Model and construct a surface mesh over it using suitable target lengths and quality criteria. Further, construct a wind tunnel domain around the model for volume meshing.    Learning Outcomes Perform detailed topological cleanup on half…

Aim To simulate the flow through the given Convergent-Divergent nozzle using the prescribed boundary conditions.    Introduction The convergent-divergent nozzle geometry is often used in applications where subsonic flow is required to be accelerated to supersonic velocities. The principle behind its working is…

Aim To simulate the working of the given pitot static tube geometry with the given boundary conditions and estimate the percentage of error between the given conditions and the estimated results from the pitot tube.    Introduction The pitot static tube is a device used to measure the velocity of a flow. It comprises…

Aim Perform a literature review on the various turbulence models and conduct a flow simulation over the given golf ball at a velocity of 60m/s and explain the recirculation region, further estimate the direction the ball will curve based on the visualization of the wake region.    Introduction Turbulent flow…

Aim To simulate subsonic and supersonic flow over the NACA 0012 airfoil at various angles of attack (5,10, and 15 degrees) and compare the lift and drag coefficients.    Introduction The NACA 0012 airfoil is a symmetric airfoil with a maximum thickness of 12% of the chord and can be seen in the image below. …

Aim To simulate a rotary motion of fluid for the given geometry and plot the velocity profile.   Introduction Moving zones in fluid flows can be in the form of linear or rotary motions. Modeling these moving zones can be done in two methods: Moving Reference Frame MethodThis method is a steady-state approximation…

Aim To simulate the motion of the blades in a generic turbomachinery component using an unsteady approach running at 300 rpm.   Introduction The unsteady approach uses a moving mesh method where the motion of the mesh is conducted across timesteps to simulate the system. In this approach, it is important to determine…

Aim To simulate the flow over the given Ahmed body at a velocity of 110kmph and analyze the acoustic fields around the body using broadband noise source modeling.   Introduction The Ahmed body, designed by SR Ahmed [1], is a generic car-shaped body that has all the major features of an automobile. The Ahmed body has…

Aim Conduct simulations of supersonic combustion in the given combustor geometry. Further, identify the best configuration to get the highest combustion efficiency by varying the wedge and fuel injection angles.    Introduction The development of hypersonic airbreathing vehicles (M>5) is often dependent on…

Aim To simulate airflow through the given rectangular channel geometry using Converge CFD and analyze the results using various mesh sizes.    Introduction A simple airflow simulation is conducted on the rectangular 2D channel geometry shown below.    Method Mesh Generation A uniform structured grid…

Aim To simulate the flow over the given backward-facing step geometry using various mesh densities and understand flow separation.    Introduction Flow separation is a common phenomenon in fluid flows which may be caused due to a sudden change in the geometry or build-up of adverse pressure gradients. Flow separation…

Aim To simulate a steady state fluid flow along the given elbow channel geometry with a fixed throttle valve (fully opened state).    Introduction Throttle valves are designed to regulate the supply of fluid flow (air-fuel mixture) to an engine and are often operated by a handwheel or a lever. Controlling the…

Aim To simulate a transient fluid flow along the given elbow channel geometry with a rotating throttle valve.    Introduction Throttle valves are designed to regulate the supply of fluid flow (air-fuel mixture) to an engine and are often operated by a handwheel or a lever. Controlling the supply of fluid is crucial…

Aim To simulate a supersonic flow over a convex corner and analyze the Prandtl-Meyer expansion waves. Further, perform a study on the adaptive mesh refinement using various subgrid-scale criteria for temperature and compare the difference in results.    Introduction Supersonic flows are flows characterized by…

Aim To conduct a transient Conjugate Heat Transfer simulation on the given pipe geometry with specified heat flux and verify the outlet temperature using various mesh sizes. Further, change the supercycle state interval to observe its effect on the total simulation time.    Introduction Conjugate Heat Transfer…

Aim To conduct a transient flow simulation on the given shock tube geometry to visualize the compression waves and analyze the temporal variations of pressure and temperature inside.   Introduction The shock tube is an experimental facility that is used to replicate a blast wave or compression wave on a small scale.…

Derivation of Reynold's stresses from the Reynold's Averaged Navier-Stokes equations   The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are given as:  Continuity equation `(partialu)/(partialx) + (partialv)/(partialy) + (partialw)/(partialz) = 0`   Momentum equation in the x-direction `(partialu)/(partialt) + u(partialu)/(partialx)…