Rayleigh Taylor Instability is the instability of an interface between two fluids of different densities which occur when the lighter fluid is pushing the heavier fluid. For example in a setup containing water on the top of oil, instability can be observed on the interface due to downward acting gravity. In this setup…

 Conjugate Heat Transfer: CHT refers to the cases where the combination of heat transfer in solids and heat transfer in fluids is present. In solids, conduction dominates whereas in fluids convection is the primary mode of heat transfer. For example, Heat Sinks are optimized to combine heat transfer by conduction…

                                                                                Ahmed Body   Optimized external car…

Mixing Tee is used for mixing two streams of fluids with different flow parameters and properties. The mixing efficiency of a Tee section was tested in different cases by varying the inlet velocities for hot and cold air inlet streams. The simulations were done in Ansys Fluent and Details are as follows: Case 1: …

1. Cyclone Separator: Cyclone Separators or simply cyclones are devices that employ a centrifugal force generated by a spinning gas stream to separate particles from the carrier gas. Particles get separated basically due to their inertia in a vortex formed in the spinning gas stream.  Low cost and minimum maintenance…

Gear Box Sloshing Effect Simulation: 1. Introduction Gearboxes are mechanical devices used to transmit power from an input shaft to an output shaft. Lubrication at the meshing teeth is vital for increasing the life of gears. Gearboxes are usually oil-lubricated. A number of methods are used to move lubricant over the gears…

Combustion Simulation 1. Introduction: Combustion is basically defined as a chemical reaction between substances, usually including oxygen, and usually accompanied by the generation of heat and light in the form of flame. CFD solvers are often used to simulate the combustion problems for engineering…

1.Introduction: Gate valve is a flow control device which is designed for fully open or fully closed operation. They are installed in pipelines as isolating valves, and should not be used as a control or regulating valves. The operation is done by Clockwise to close (CTC) or Clockwise to open (CTO) rotation of the stem.…

Week 4 Challange: 1. Importing geometry and Meshing:    Fig 1.1: The imported geometry.   Fig 1.2: The created Mid Surfaces. Mid Surface was created to avoid 3D meshing of the model. Mid surface creates shell element out of the selected 3D model. The ectracted mid surfaces were made into two componenets…

1. Title: Assembly of American chopper in Solidworks. The different components of the american chopper model were modelled and they were assembled together in Solidworks. The assembled model was rendered using Photoview and Visualize. 2. Objectives:  To understand the interface of the Solidworks software. To understand…

The meshing of hood panels using Hypermesh 1. Introduction In this exercise, the panels of hood section used in passenger cars were meshed using Hypermesh. Step file for the hood panels was provided which consisted of four parts namely Latch reinforcement, Hinge reinforcement, outer extract and the inner extract. All the…

Tetramesh generation on components using various available techniques  1. Hosing model It was a model of housing as shown in the attached figure.  Fig 1.1: The housing model imported in the Hypermesh The method used to get the 3D tetra mesh on this component was the conversion of 2D tria mesh into tetra mesh.…

Creation of 1D Connectors in the Frame Assembly Model in Hypermesh 1. Introduction: In this exercise, a frame assembly was meshed and all the components were joined together using suitable connectors. The model contained a total of 9 components as shown in the below-attached figure.     Fig 1.1: The Assembly model All…

The Meshing of Door Inner Panel using Hypermesh 1. Introduction A typical car nowadays contains almost 100-150 kg plastic in its body. They offer low weight and high moldability combined with adequate rigidity. In almost all cars, most of the inner panels are made of some sort of plastic material. In this exercise, the…

Mesh Generation on the Trunk model using Hypermesh 1. Introduction In this exercise, a trunk portion of an Automobile BIW was meshed using Hypermesh software. BIW stands for the 'body in white', referring to the automobile sheet metal welded structure or body shell. The most general materials are steel and aluminium alloys…

Mesh Generation on Hood model of a passenger car BIW 1. Introduction A passenger car hood section consists of four parts: inner extract, outer extract, latch reinforcement, and hinge reinforcement. For crash simulation of the car model, all the parts need to be meshed with predefined criteria. This is called preprocessing…

1.Introduction: A bottle cap might seem like a simple component to cover the bottle, but from the perspective of a designer, it is a quite complex thing. It has threads that fasten it to the bottle. It also has a sealing mechanism in the form of locks that needs to be broken before use. So, there are several things that…

Tetra mesh generation  on the side view mirror 1. Introduction The FE modelling of components that are above 5 mm thickness is carried out using 3D mesh. For such components usually, the mid surface can not be extracted properly as they have non-uniform features.There are two types of 3D mesh i. e. Structured mesh and…

Modelling of Predator Yacht in Solidworks Introduction          In this project, a cosmetic model of a luxury yacht was built using Solidworks. Most of the technical details were skipped for simplification and a total of nine components were modelled individually and they were assembled.…

Connection Modelling for Rear door of a Passenger Car 1. Introduction A typical car is made of almost 3000 components and each and every component is modelled when it comes to full vehicle simulation for NVH or crash simulation. The individual components from the model are meshed separately and then connected together…

The morphing of a Simple Plastic component in ANSA 1. Introduction Morphing is a technique that is used to change the shape of a design without numerical inputs. It saves a lot of time and if done properly can be a substitute for design modifications in the easiest possible way. It can be applied to change both CAD models…

2D Meshing on Instrument Panel of a Passenger Vehicle  1. Introduction An Automobile body is made of almost 300 parts that are joined together using various techniques. The primary structure for any vehicle is the BIW or body in white. It basically includes all the sheet metal components and frames. In a generic way, it…

Consistency of Units- Conversion of measurements from one system of units to another. 1. Problem statement Solvers like LS Dyna are unitless, which means, the user needs to take care of the values and only a single unit system should be followed to avoid errors in the inputs which may lead to totally unexpected results.…

Solution of a simple structural problem using explicit and implicit methods 1. Explicit versus Implicit schemes All the Finite element methods solve the differential equations using numerical methods. These numerical methods can be explicit or implicit based on the requirements and problem. For example, take a general…

Drop Test of a mobile phone in LS-DYNA In this exercise, a file having just nodes and elements of two parts, a simplified cellphone and a plate mimicking ground was provided and it was asked to create a complete simulation file from it. Then a drop test needed to be performed. *INITIAL_VELOCITY card needs to be used…

Crash Box Simulation in LS-Dyna Problem Statement:  In this assignment, the student needs to simulate a crash test for a crash box for which mesh is given. A crash box is a high energy-absorbing structure that crashes on the application of loads and reduces the impact on other components nearby. A full-fledged crash…

Modelling of Spot weld in LS-Dyna and study of their failure. 1. Introduction Spot weld is one of the major joining methods used for making BIW of the vehicles. Spot welding (also known as resistance spot welding) is a resistance welding process. This welding process is used primarily for welding two or more metal…

Comparison of stretch ratios calculated using different element formulations for a block modelled using Ogden material model. 1. Introduction The Ogden material model is a hyperelastic material model used to describe the non-linear stress-strain behaviour of complex materials such as rubbers and biological tissue.…

Child Head Impact Test on a Car Hood and calculation of HIC using LS-Dyna software 1. Problem Statement:  In this project, a children's head form model is provided. You are supposed to replicate a scenario where this head form will impact a car bonnet. The bonnet should be considered as a rigid wall for the 1st…

Understanding the implementation of Mass scaling using LS-Dyna 1. Introduction Mass scaling is defined as a technique in FEA where non-physical mass is added in a structure to achieve a larger timestep size in explicit simulation. The step size is dependent on a number of factors including the size of the smallest elements.…

Processing raw material data to create an LS-Dyna material card 1. Introduction Material modelling is often one of the challenging steps in any FEA study. The correct representation of the actual case is not possible without providing correct material data in the model. A typical solver contains a number of material cards…

Hyperelastic material modelling from raw data and determination of different coefficients 1. Introduction A general material is elastic up to 0.2% strain but in the case of hyperelastic materials, they can get up to 500% strain and still come back to their original shape. Modelling of a hyperelastic material becomes difficult…

Joint Creation and demonstration in LS-Dyna 1. Introduction Joints are a vital part of any model, they are used to define the intended motion of parts with respect to each other. The correct modelling of joints is very important in FEA modelling to make an appropriate representation of the part or assembly with its functionality.…

Simulation of Bird Strike Using LS-Dyna   1. Introduction A bird strike is strictly defined as a collision between a bird and an aircraft that is in flight or on a takeoff or landing roll. Bird Strike is common and can be a significant threat to aircraft safety. For smaller aircraft, significant damage may be caused…

Assignment 1-2D Meshing Challenge 1. Introduction: Shell meshing is used for components that have uniform thickness and the value of thickness is below 6 mm. It is used mostly for sheet metal parts and plastic components. The basic process includes mid surface extraction, geometry cleanup and shell meshing. Shell meshing…

Assignment 2-RADIOSS Engine File Editing & 3D Meshing Challenge 1. Introduction Radioss is an explicit solver widely used in crashworthiness analysis for passenger cars. The input file for the radioss solver is written as a text file and all the information are present in the form of different keywords and their values.…

Crash Beam Simulation and comparison of results with different shell formulations in Radioss. 1. Introduction Radioss is a widely used explicit solver suitable for highly nonlinear transient simulations. The crash simulation is one such simulation where large deformations take place within 100-300 mili-seconds. In any…

Assignment 4-RADIOSS Material Laws Challenge 1. Introduction Radioss is a widely used solver known for its ability to solve explicit dynamic problems such as crash simulations. There are a number of material models available in the solver that can be used for modelling materials with the best possible description. …

Assignment 5-RADIOSS Interfaces & Study of Effect of Notches Challenge 1. Meshing of Bumper Assembly A CAD model of the bumber was provided and it was asked to mesh it with a 6mm mesh size. The geometry is shown in the attached figure. It was clear that this is only half a portion of the bumper model and we need to…

Assignment 6 Frontal crash simulation challenge 1. Introduction: A frontal crash is one of the standard tests conducted to assess the safety of a passenger car in the event of a crash or road accident. based on the test results, the car is awarded a certain rating by agencies like NCAP and EURO NCAP. This rating works…

Otto cycle simulator using Python programming   Otto cycle is a power cycle with constant volume heat addition and constant volume heat rejection. Various processes in it are shown in the below-given figure   Fig: PV and TS diagram of an Otto cycle The code to simulate the Otto cycle is written using bore, stroke,…