An Otto cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the ideal the functioning of a spart ignition engine. This cycle is commonly represented on a PV Diagram. The cycle starts from state 1, follows isoentropic compression process to reach state 2, and then follows an isochoric process(consant volume) to reach state 3,…

MATLAB program to simulate the pendulum motion: The motion of the pendulum swing can be modeled by the equation: `frac{d^2theta}{dt^2}+frac{b}{m}frac{d theta}{dt}+frac{g}{l}sin theta=0` Here `theta : text{angular position},b:text{damping coefficient}, m:text{mass of the ball}` `L:text{Length of the pendulum}, g:text{gravity}`…

AIM: To understand the concept of genetic algorithm and optimise the stalgamite function to find the global maxima. THEORY: Genetic algorithm reflects the process of natural selection where the fittest individuals are selected for reproduction in ordet to produce offspring for the next generation. The genetic algorithm…

AIM: To write a MATLAB function to extract the 14 coefficients of each species and calculating the specific heat, enthalpy, entropy and molecular weight of each species. To display plots for O2, N2 and CO2 species. THEORY: The thermodynamic data file by NASA is used to calculate the specific heat, enthalpy and entopies…

AIM: To simplify the given CAD geometry into ICEPAK bodies and import to icepak using workbench. PROCEDURE: The given CAD geometry is imported into Spaceclaim and the necessary simplication should be done by using icepak primitive shapes. The dispensible bodies are removed from the geometry.  The workflow in the workbench…

AIM: To solve the 2D heat conduction equation by using the point iterative techniques namely Jacobi, Gauss Siedel and Successive over relaxation methods for steady state and transient analysis. Method: For steady state: The heat conduction equation that needs to be solved is: Discretizing the above equation with respect…

AIM: To simulate the 1D supersonic nozzle flow using Macormack method by deriving both conservative and non conservative forms of the governing differential equations. THEORY: A study isoentropic flow is considered inside a converging diverging nozzle. The flow at the inlet comes from a reservoir where the velocity is…

AIM:1) Case setup and simulation of an incompressible-laminar-viscous flow through the backward facing step geometry using Open FOAM 2) Changing the block mesh parameter grading factor and then comparing the results. PROCEDURE: 1) To setup and run a tutorial case in openFOAM, open the tutorial folder using the linux terminal.…

AIM: To derive the following 4th order approximations of the second-order derivative.  1. Central difference 2. Skewed right-sided difference 3. Skewed left-sided difference and writing a program in Matlab to evaluate the second-order derivative of the analytical function exp(x)*cos(x) and compare it with…

AIM: Literature review on FVM and FDM. Review on interpolation schemes and flux limiters. THEORY:In computational fluid dynamics there are 3 numerical method based solvers to solve the governing navier strokes equations these are: Finite Difference Method. Finite Element Method. Finite Volume Method. Finite Difference…

AIM:  To write a program in Matlab that can generate the computational mesh automatically for any wedge angle and grading schemes for an axisymmetric cylindrical pipe. To validate the velocity profile with the analytical results using Hagen poiseuille's equation. THEORY:  The Hagen–Poiseuille equation, is a physical law that…

AIM: To compare the results using symmetry and wedge BC and also compare the values of pressure and velocity from analytical equations. ALso compare the results of pressure and velocity for three different wedge angles 10, 25 and 45. THEORY: The previous project using wedge boundary conditions for the pipe flow is given…

AIM:   To set up steady-state simulations to compare the mixing effectiveness when hot inlet temperature is 360C & the Cold inlet is at 190C for different cases described below: Case 1  Short mixing tee with a hot inlet velocity of 3m/s. Momentum ratio of 2, 4.  Case 2  Long mixing tee with…

AIM:  To simulate the flow over a cylinder and explain the phenomenon of Karman vortex street.    PART-I Simulate the flow with the steady and unsteady case and calculate the Strouhal Number for Re= 100.  PART-II Calculate the coefficient of drag and lift over a cylinder by setting the Reynolds number…

AIM: To model and simulate a flow around an ahmed body and analyze various factors affecting the flow. THEORY:  Ahmed body and its importance:  The Ahmed body is a simplified car body used in the automotive field to study the impact of the flow pattern on the drag. The external  flow around the vehicle is…

AIM: Describe why and where a Conjugate Heat Transfer analysis is used. Perform a CHT analysis on exaust manifold with 2 different sizes of mesh and compare the results and plots of velcoty, temperature and heat transfer coefficient. How to verify if the HTC predictions from the simulations are right and On what factors…

AIM: To find some practical CFD models that have been based on the mathematical analysis of Rayleigh  Taylor waves. To perform the Rayleigh Taylor instability simulation for 2 different mesh sizes with the base mesh being 0.5 mm and comparision of results.  Defining atwood number and explain the variation of…

AIM: To perform a steady-state conjugate heat transfer analysis on a model of a graphics card. THEORY: The term conjugate heat transfer (CHT)  describes the  processes which involve variations of temperature within solids and fluids, due to thermal interaction between the solids and fluids. The exchange of thermal energy…

Aim:- To perform analysis on cyclone separator and calculate the separation efficiency and pressure drop.   Objective:- To write a few words about any four empirical models used to calculate the cyclone separator efficiency.  To perform an analysis on a given cyclone separator model by varying the particle…

AIM:  To perform a parametric study on the gate valve simulation by setting the gate opening from 10 % to 80%.  Obtain the mass flow rates at the outlet for each design point and calculate the flow coefficient and flow factor. INTRODUCTION: Gate valves are widely used for all types of applications and are suitable…

 AIM: To simulate the combustion of natural gas to calculate the mass fraction and by adding the water in the fuel to observe the effects to avoid har THEORY : Natural gas is the cleanest of all the fossil fuels, as evidenced in the Environmental Protection Agency Composed primarily of methane. The main products…

Objectives: 1.   For EV_defaults_in file, if cargo mass is 500 kg with all other default conditions, can the vehicle travel for 45 km with FTP drive cycle?  2.   For the above case, change the battery capacity and repeat the simulation to analyze the results. 3.   To perform gradeability test with PRIUS_Jpn_defaults_in…

AIM: To answer the following questions: What is the difference between mapped and dynamic model of engine, motor and generator? How can you change model type?  How does the model calculate miles per gallon? Which factors are considered to model fuel flow?  Run the HEV ReferenceApplication with WOT drive cycle.…

AIM: 1) To understand the types of power converter circuits are employed in electric and hybrid electric vehicle.    2) To determine steady speed of EV with duty cycle 70 %. 3) To explain the author's perspective in 'Induction Versus DC brushless motors by Wally Rippel, Tesla' THEORY AND SOLUTION: 1) The general…

AIM: To run the MATLAB demo script “Speed Control of DC Motor using BJT H-Bridge” & evaluate the model such that Armature current doesn’t shoot-up when the Motor changes its direction of rotation. To develop a 2-Quadrant Chopper DC Drive  To explain about the BLDC motor   Introduction: Power…

Objectives: For a defined driving cycle, calculate the energy required for braking. Why electric motor can’t develop braking torque at high speed similar to starting? How electric and mechanical brakes are coordinated?  Make a MATLAB program which plots contour of given motor speed, torque and efficiency values. Attach…

AIM : To create a MATLAB model of electric car which uses a DC motor by choosing suitable blocks from Powertrain block set.    MODELLING AND SIMULATION: Components of an EV -  EVs have no need for the fuel engine and gear transmission, the two of the most crucial components for internal combustion…

AIM:  To create a detailed MATLAB-Simulink model of a mahindra treo electric rickshaw To verify the performance claimed by mahindra treo e- rikshaw as per the given parameters.  For any three standard driving cycles, calculating the energy consumption, temperature rise of motor and controller. THEORY AND MODELLING: …

AIM: To prepare a table that includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP, and LTO type of lithium-ion cells. Also compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics. THEORY AND SOLUTION: A battery is a device…

AIM: To simulate the differnet test cases from harness dashboard and explain how BMS implements coulomb counting for SOC estimation. THEORY:  The model can be used to mimic diverse usage cycles and environmental conditions to evaluate a systems response to a potentially unsafe condition. For instance, voltage,…