1. Defining input values such as length of the pendulum(L) = 1mmass of the bob(m) = 1kgdamping co-efficient(b) = 0.05Acceleration due to gravity(g) = 9.81m/s^2 2. Initial displacement of the pendulum is zero & intial velocity of the pendulum is 5m/s 3. Time span of the pendulum is between 0 to 20 second goes up to…

optimization refers to finding the values of inputsin such a way that we get the 'best' output values. The parameters of 'best' varies from problem to problem, but in the mathematical term,it refers to the maximizing or minimizing one or more objective function by varying the input function. for all this we need a optimization…

File parsing basically is used to read data from external files/externl data basis and we can include that data from calculation. so if we talk about big data processing. There is usually interface between program and large amount of data either data is stored in a file or it comes from server.   1. J = fopen . f…

1. Provide Value of x and dx. 2. Convert Simple function to Analytical Function. 3. Find no. for  nods for Central, Skewed_right and Skewed_left sided scheme. 4. Based on the stencils, Calculate the Taylor Expansion in order to evaluate the values of coefficinet with the help of Taylor Table with respect to …

  clear all close all clc % initial conditions L = 1; nx = 10; % no. of grid pts. along x direction ny = 10; % no. of grid pts. along y direction x = linspace(0,L,nx); dx = x(2)-x(1); y = linspace(0,L,ny); dy = y(2)-y(1); % BC T = ones(nx,ny)*298; %temp T(1,:)= 600; T(:,1)= 400; T(end,:) = 900; T(:,end) = 800; T(1,1)…

Finite Volume Method(FVM): The finite volume method(FVM)is a method to for representating  and evaluating partial differential equation in form of algebric equation. In this method volume integrates into a partial differential equation that contain a divergence term and converted into surface integrals, using the…

Here we consider the steady state isentrpic flow through convergent-divergent Nozzle. The flow at inlet is from reservoir. The flow expands isentropically to supersonic speeds at nozzle exit, where we have flow properties like Mach number,pressure,Temperature,velocity. The flow is locally subsonic at convergent section…

# blockMeshDict in garding factor 0.2 /*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------*\ ========= | \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox \\ / O peration | Website: https://openfoam.org \\ / A nd | Version: 9 \\/ M anipulation | \*---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/…

%calculating shear stress clear all close all clc D = 0.02; R = D/2; Re = 2100; % Reynolds number for laminar flow mu = 8.9e-4; % dynamic viscosjity of water rho = 997.139; % denisty of water V = (Re*mu)/(rho*D); %average velocity U_max = 2*V; %maximum velocity r = linspace(-0.01,0.01,100); for i =1:length(r) tau (i) =…

## blockMeshDict /*--------------------------------*- C++ -*----------------------------------* ========== \\ / F ield | OpenFOAM: The Open Source CFD Toolbox \\ / O peration | Version: 2.2.1 \\ / A nd | Web: www.OpenFOAM.com \\/ M anipulation | *---------------------------------------------------------------------------*/…

clear all close all clc % given % At state point 1 T1 = 400; p1 = 30; p2 = 0.05; %At state point 1 T1 = 400; %degree celicus p1 = 30; %Bar h1 = 3.2316e+03; sf1 = XSteam('sL_p',p1); sg1 = XSteam('sV_p',p1); Ts1 = XSteam('Tsat_p',p1) %At state point 2 p2 = 0.05; %Bar % state 1 Turbine INLET or BOILER outlet h1 = XSteam('h_pT',…

# 4. Adiabatic flame temperature variation with respect to number of Carbon atom chains : """ ADIABATIC FLAME TEMPERATURE VARIATION WITH RESPECT TO ALKANE, ALKENE AND ALKYNE Alkane: CnH(2n+2) Alkene: CnH(2n) Alkyne: CnH(2n-2) type of hydrocarbon (c=2) general hydrocarbon: CxHy + [x + (y/4)](O2 + 3.76N2) => xC02 + (y/2)H20…

The stoichiometric equation for methane is as below : h4 + 2(O2+3.76N2) + Co2 + 2H20 + 7.52N2 1. Providing Number of Moles of air: By using A.TPX ,we provide the initial conditions of the air A.TPX = 298.15,ct.one_atm,{'O2':0.21,'N2':0.79} which stands for the temperature of the air at the inlet is 298.15k, the pressure…

# PreHeat Temperature VS Adiabatic Flame Temperture """ The stoichiometric mixture of combustion of methene looks like the following Ch4+2(O2+3.76N2)= Co2+2H2O+7.52N2 """ import cantera as ct import matplotlib.pyplot as plt gas = ct.Solution('gri30.cti') air = ct.Quantity(gas) fuel = ct.Quantity(gas) fuel.TPX = 298.15,ct.one_atm,'CH4:1'…

Aim : To write a derivvation of compact notation for a simple mechanism to form expressions for production rates of different species Introduction : Each reaction has several intermediary reactions which take place between initial and final steps of reactions. These all make up a reaction mechanism,  we have 8 species…

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np # For explicit method def explicit(T,dt): t = np.arange(0,T,dt) y = np.zeros(len(t)) for i in range(0,len(t)): y[i] = y[i-1] + dt*(-1000*y[i-1] - np.exp(-t[i-1])); return t,y # For explicit method using backward differencing def implicit(T,dt): t = np.arange(0,T,dt) y…

""" program to solve the system of coupled non-linear equation dy_1/dt = -0.04y_1 + 10^4y_2y_3 dy_1/dt = 0.04y_1 - 10^4y_2y_3 - 3.10^7y_2^2 dy_3/dt = 3.10^7y_2^2 Modulus required 1. numpy is required for matrix multiplication 2. inv is required for computing the inverse of a matrix """ import numpy as np from numpy.linalg…

import cantera as ct import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np gas = ct.Solution('gri30.xml') T_initial = 1250 # constant temperature,k P_initial = 101325 # initial pressure P_final = 5*101325 # final pressure pressure = np.linspace(P_initial,P_final,5) t_initial = 0 t_final = 10 time_step = 1e-3 no_time_steps…

""" python code to conduct sensitivity analysis """ import cantera as ct import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np gas = ct.Solution('gri30.xml') #applying initial variables T = 1500 P = 101325 species = {'CH4':1,'O2':2,'N2':7.52} gas.TPX = T,P,species r = ct.IdealGasConstPressureReactor(gas,name = 'R1') # sim…

Objective : To simulate the flow of air through mixing tee and understand the effect of the length of the pipe and momentum ratio of velocity for mixing the air by using two different types of pipe i.e short pipe and long pipe. About In industrial process engineering, mixing is a unit operations that involves the manipulation…

Aim : - Vortex shedding simulation over a cylinder in Laminar flow. Introduction: - Flow over a cylinder is one of the basic simulation in the CFD domain and till this date the research is still going on to study the unsteady behaviour caused by the flow. The flow over cylinder is study is very complex and periodic flow…

Objective :  Simulation of External flow over the Ahmed body is conducted in this challenge. Parameters such as coefficient of lift and drag are estimated and validated. The wake region is investigated. The grid independence test is conducted. Software used : Ansys Fluent 2021 Ahmed Body and its Significance : The…

CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER:              The type of heat transfer corresponding to the combination of the heat transfer in solids and heat transfer in fluids. Heat transfer in solid called as conduction and heat transfer in fluids is called convection.          …

Rayleigh Taylor instability: From the Newton law of viscosity, we know that even the fluid cannot resist the slightest shear force. Density is one of the main property of the fluid which the shear force can incorporate with it. Depending upon the density we have lighter fluid like water etc and denser fluid like mercury,…

Introduction : - CHT means Conjugate Heat Transfer. It is defined as transmission of heat between solid and fluid medium. The primary mode of heat transfer in solid is conduction and primary mode of heat transfer in fluid medium is convection. Here we are going to analysis two cases. Case1: CHT Analysis in Graphic card…

Cyclone seperators or simply cyclones are separation devices that use the principle of interia to remove particulate matter from flue gases. Cyclone seperators is one of many air pollution control devices known as precleaners since they generally remove larger pieces of particulate matter. This prevents finer filteration…

Methodology : The methodology we are applying here is first of all we have to Activate parameters at a appropriate points throughout the simulation in order to get desired output. And the second thing is that we have to take care of is to Adapt fluid volume to changing solid geometry. Introduction : -  Gate Valve - A gate…

INTRODUCTION : Combustion is defined as a chemical reaction in which a hydrocarbons fuel reacts with a oxidant to form products, accompained by the release of energy in the form of heat. Combustion manifests itself as a wide domain during the design, analysis, and performance characteristics stage by being amn integral…

Aim : Surface meshing on a pressure valve  Objective: Check for the geometrical errors and perform Topology clean up accordingly. Set three different target lengths as three different cases and mesh the model. Target length = 1mm, 3mm and 5mm Element type = Tria Procedure : Importing : Import the geometry into ANSA…

Aim : For the given model of the turbocharger, check for the geometrical error to make appropriate volumes. Create and assign PIDs accordingly. Create surface mesh and use that to create a volumetric mesh. Turbocharger Model :                  Initial model and final geometry…

Aim/Objective : To do surface wrap over assembled parts (engine,transmission and gear box) Target length for Wrap = 3mm Procedure : First the model is loaded on to ANSA Unwanted surface are deleted without damaging the outer shape of the geometries. Single cons are resolved mainly here as it would affect negetively on…

AIM : CFD Mesing For BMW car . OBJECTIVE : To learn topology , geometry clean-up,mesing for BMW car. Also perform meshing with the given Target length and elements quality criteria. Aftar meshing the half model, Do symmetry to the other side. Target lengths for the different parts of a model are as follow: 1. Body - 3…

AIM : The aim of the project is to pre-process the tesla cyber truck and mesh it. The CAD model of which can be found here. OBJECTIVES : For the given model, check and solve all geometrical error and assign appropriate PID's. Perform meshing with the suitable Target length and element criteria. PROCEDURE: We start with…

Aim : To perform a channel flow simulation using Converge-CFD and postprocess the results in Paraview. Objective : Run 2 simulations and compare the results between all the 3 simulations. Procedure :  Before setting up the simulation download necessary softwares that are required for simulation and post processing.…

Aim : Simulating flow over backward facing step. Objective : 1. Create a backward facing step geometry in converge. 2. Set a case and simulate for three different base mesh sizes. Introduction : Many industrial application involves flow seperation and reattachment, the backward facing step in one where we discuss such…

Aim: To perform a transient-state flow analysis over a throttle body and draw suitable conclusions. Introduction :- In this Transient Simulation, the throttle is rotating and we are interested to simulate the flow at a different opening angle of the throttle. The main function of a throttle body assembly is to control…

STEADY -STATE SIMULATION OF FLOW OVER A THROTTLE VALVE  Aim :- To simulate the flow over a steady-state simulation of flwo over a throttle body. Objective :- Perform a steady-state simulation of flow over a throttle body. Post-process the result and show pressure and velocity contours. Show the mesh with surface edges.…

Introduction   Main goal of this challenge is to simulate shock tube problem, to see what happens when diaphragm is ruptured in the shock tube channel and to capture how the flow will be induced. Furthermore, we intend to understand how the "Events" work in "Converge Cfd". Theory    The shock tube is…

Objective:- To simulate the Conjugate Heat Transfer over pipe using Super- Cycling in CONVERGE and determine Y+ Theory :- Conjugate Heat transfer (CHT) is when heat transfer occurs simultaneously within and between fluid and solid region   The predominant mode of heat transfer in fluids is convection   The predominant…

Aim -  Surface preparation and Boundary Flagging (PFI) Introduction- The purpose of task is to do boundary flagging and surface preparation for the given geometry. After that we will run the simulation for no hydrodynamic case setup and see the motion of piston and valves in cylinder for better understanding.…

 1) Introduction    We know that Navier-stokes equations could be used in any fluid flow applications to effectively approximate the results, but when we encounter turbulent flows we need mesh elements with tiny dimensions, for instance in IC engines largest turbulent length scales equal to small values…

Introduction : In 1907, German fluid dynamicist Ludwig Prandtl studied the expansion waves, followed by his student Theodor Meyer in 1908. They developed a theory called Prandtl Meyer expansion to explain the behavior of expansion wave. A Supersonic expansion fan, technically known as Prandtl-Meyer expansion…

ICE) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force…

Objective : The project aims at obtaining emission characteristics of two different pistons, the open-W_piston, and Omega_Pistons.  Introduction : Setting up a working engine initially requires importing a CAD file of the component from another environment to the CONVERGE studio. The CAD file is then cleaned up by…

1. What is the Compression ratio for the engine? We often talk about the power output when it comes to internal combustion engines, from over a century various research has been conducted to study and modify the factors affecting the power output of an IC engine. so let's understand the concept of compression ratio. The…

1. Explore the GUI SUITE and list down modules available with brief description? GT Suite is the CAE simulation tool with capabilities and libraries aimed at a wide range of application and industries. It offers engineering functionalities ranging from fast concept design to detailed system or component analysis, deisgn…

AIM : To run the single cylinder SI Engine setup at 1800 rpm and list down parmeters such as air flow rate, BSFC, BMEP, In cylinder pressure.                                                   …

OBJECTIVES: 1. Compare SI vs CI engine and list down the differences.                              SI ENGINE                                CI ENGINE SI Engine is also…

Turbocharger  The turbocharger is an integral part of th engine as it reuses the exhaust gases in order to increase the efficiency of the engine. It consists of two parts - compressor and turbine sides. Difference between Turbocharger and supercharger - Supercharger is power boosting device which require engine power…