Thermal/Heat Conduction : Heat conduction was defined as the transfer of thermal energy from the more energetic particles of a medium to the adjacent less energetic ones. It was stated that conduction can take place in liquids and gases as well as solids provided that there is no bulk motion involved.Although heat transfer…

Subsonic and supersonic isentropic flow : We consider the steady state ,isemtropic flow through a convergent-divergent nozzle as shown in the figure below.The flow of the inlet comes from a reservoir where the pressure and temprature are denoted by `p_0` & `T_0` respectively  .The crossectional area…

BLOCKMESH : The principle behind blockMesh is to decompose the domain geometry into a set of 1 or more three dimensional, hexahedral blocks. Edges of the blocks can be straight lines, arcs or splines. The mesh is ostensibly specified as a number of cells in each direction of the block, sufficient information…

Expected Results :Code in Matlab to automate the generation of blockMeshDict file. Validate Hydro-dynamic length with the numerical result . Validate the fully developed flow velocity profile with its analytical profile . Validate maximum velocity and pressured drop for fully developed flow . Post-process Shear stress…

Expected Results :Code in Matlab to automate the generation of blockMeshDict file. Validate Hydro-dynamic length with the numerical result . Validate the fully developed flow velocity profile with its analytical profile . Validate maximum velocity and pressured drop for fully developed flow . Post-process Shear stress…

What is Finite Volume Method(FVM) ? The finite volume method discretises the governing equations by first dividing the physical space into a number of arbitrary polyhedral control volumes. The finite-volume method is based on the fact that many physical laws are conservation laws—what goes into one cell on one side…

1)Why there is a difference in the formula of variance for population and sample Variance of population :`sigma^2=sum(x_i-mu_x)^2/N` Variance of sample :`sigma^2=sum(x_i-mu_x)^2/(N-1)` The logic of doing that is to compensate our lack of information about the sample data.Obviously we can't sample each and everyone for…

1) Calculate all 4 business moments using pen and paper for the below data set.   First business moment :Measure of central tendency : Mean (`mu`) =`sum(x_i)*P(x)`     x P(x) xi*P(x)   0 0.35 0   1 0.25 0.25   2 0.15 0.3   3 0.15 0.45   4 0.1 0.4 `sum` 10 1 1.4   Mean (`mu`)…

Aim : To understand the effect of equivalence ratio on AFT in a constant volume chamber . To view how the AFT changes for varying heat loss in a constant pressure chamber . To calculate AFT of alkanes,alkenes & alkynes in a 2 carbon chain hydrocarbon . To study how AFT changes for number of carbons in a hydrocarbon…

Aim : To answer the following questions by keeping the code snippet as a reference . 1. Use the "moles" method/function of the A object and explain how it was calculated. You need to use this after line number 9. 2. Use the method mole_fraction_dict() of the A object and explain the result that you get. Here is how you…

Literature review on stability of ODE : When does a ODE become unstable? Section 1 : Equilibria are not always stable. Since stable and unstable equilibria play quite different roles in the dynamics of a system, it is useful to be able to classify equilibrium points based on their stability. Suppose that we have a set…

Aim : To derive the reaction rate of ODE's of a simple reaction mechanism using compact notation . Reaction Mechanism CO + O2 ⇌ CO2 + O O + H2O ⇌ OH + OH CO + OH ⇌ CO2 + H H + O2 ⇌ OH + O   Section I . Species list & reaction notation :       j  Species      1…

Setup : A furnace is used to burn Methane and Air Mixture. A recuperator is connected to this furnace to recover some energy. Aim : To find the effect of pre-heating(298 K to 600 K) on the adiabatic flame temprature . Expected plot : Pre-heat temprature vs Adiabatic flame temprature To find out if Preheating saves fuel…

Newton raphson method : Single variable   Slope of the first tangent = `tan(phi)=(Deltay)/(Deltax)`                                   = `tan(phi)=(f(x_i)-0)/(x_i-x_(i+1))`…

Objective : To understand the usage of reactor and reactor network by solving for a set of Methane combustion reactions at different given conditions . 1. Auto Ignition Time for Methane under the following conditions, (simulation time = 10 secs) Plot the variation of Auto Ignition time of Methane with a constant temperature…

Objective : 1. To write a code that takes all the reactions from the GRI mechanism and calculates 10 most sensitive reactions . The sensitivity parameter should be with respect to the Temperature (It should find the sensitivity with respect to the temperature not 'OH' as shown in the video) . Your program should show the…

 AIM : To set up steady-state simulations to compare the mixing effectiveness when hot inlet temperature is 360C & the Cold inlet is at 190C.  The given cases to be studied are-  Case 1  Short mixing tee with a hot inlet velocity of 3m/s. Momentum ratio of 2, 4. Case 2  Long mixing tee with…

AIM: To simulate flow over a cylinder & to explain the phenomenon of Von Karman vortex street. Part 1:a) To simulate with steady simulation for Reynold's number of 100.b) To simulate with unsteady/transient simulation for Reynold's number of 100 with Strauhal number. Part 2:a) To run a steady state simulation along…

AIM: To simulate flow over ahmed body & to address the below given tasks. 1. Describe Ahmed body & its importance. 2. Explain the negative pressure in wake. 3. Explain significance of the point of seperation.   Expected results: 1. Velocity & pressure contour of the Ahmed body.2. Cd for a refined case.…

Introduction: The Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) analysis type allows for the simulation of heat transfer between solid and fluid domains by exchanging thermal energy at the interfaces between them. Typical applications of this analysis type exist as, but are not limited to, the simulation…

Aim: To state some practical CFD models that have been based on the mathematical analysis of Rayleigh Taylor waves To perform the Rayleigh Taylor instability simulation for 2 different mesh sizes with the base mesh being 0.5 mm(Air and Water). To run one more simulation with water and user-defined material(density = 400…

Aim: To perform a steady-state conjugate heat transfer analysis on a model of a graphics card with explaination the reason for choosing a particular mesh settings.  Objectives: Run the simulation by varying the velocity from 1m/sec to 5m/sec for at least 3 velocities and discuss the results. Find out the maximum…

Aim:- To perform analysis on cyclone separator and calculate the separation efficiency and pressure drop.   Objective:- To write a few words about any four empirical models used to calculate the cyclone separator efficiency.  To perform an analysis on a given cyclone separator model by varying the particle…

Aim: To perform a parametric study on the gate valve simulation by setting the opening from 10% to 80%.To obtain the mass flow rates at the outlet for each design point.To calculate the flow coefficient and flow factor for each opening and plot the graph.To discuss the results of the mass flow rate and flow coefficient. …

AIM: Part 1- To simuate a combustion model of methane air mixture. To plot 'Mass fraction of the different species' in the simulation using line probes at various locations on the geometry. To plot CO2, H2O, CH4, N2, O2, NOx emissions & soot formation. Part 2- To monitor NOx & soot at outlet when H2O is added in…

  1. Perform Gradient Descent in Python with any loss function Gradient descent (GD) is an iterative first-order optimisation algorithm used to find a local minimum/maximum of a given function. This method is commonly used in machine learning (ML) and deep learning(DL) to minimise a cost/loss function (e.g. in a linear…

Aim: To create a PV diagram for the otto cycle, with plots and air standard effeciency of the engine. Otto cycle: The Otto cycle is often plotted on a pressure-volume diagram (pV diagram) and a temperature-entropy diagram (Ts diagram). When plotted on a pressure-volume diagram, the isochoric processes follow the isochoric…

Aim: To create a PV diagram for the otto cycle, with plots and air standard effeciency of the engine. Otto cycle: The Otto cycle is often plotted on a pressure-volume diagram (pV diagram) and a temperature-entropy diagram (Ts diagram). When plotted on a pressure-volume diagram, the isochoric processes follow the isochoric…

Aim: Objective is to write a program that solves the following ODE. This ODE represents the equation of motion of a simple pendulum with damping In the above equation, g = gravity in m/s2,L = length of the pendulum in m,m = mass of the ball in kg,b=damping coefficient. Objective:Write a program in Python that will simulate…

Difference between decision tree and random forest 2. List down the advantages and dis-advantages of random forest Decision tree: AdvantagesSimple and easy to understand.Don’t need to do much computation.Can handle both categorical and continuous data.Easy visualization.Provides a clear idea of what all features…

1. Pros and cons of SVM Pros: It works really well with a clear margin of separation It is effective in high dimensional spaces. It is effective in cases where the number of dimensions is greater than the number of samples. It uses a subset of training points in the decision function (called support vectors), so it is…

Aim: To curve fit equations to get a perfect fit between cp and temperature values using the file given below. Theory: Curve fit: Curve fitting is a type of optimization that finds an optimal set of parameters for a defined function that best fits a given set of observations.Unlike supervised learning, curve fitting…

Aim: To perform the below given tasks 1. Data visualizer Script should take column numbers as the input and plot the respective columns as separate images Each file should be saved by the name of the column The plot labels should be extracted from the file. If, I request for a plot between column 1 (crank angle) and column…

Aim: To write a program in Matlab to simulate the forward kinematics of a 2R Robotic Arm, as shown in the video.  Create an animation file of the plot.Upload an animation on You tube and provide the You tube link for an animation in your report. Robotic Arm Forward kinematics Forward kinematics for a robot arm involves…

Aim: Objective is to write a program that solves the following ODE. This ODE represents the equation of motion of a simple pendulum with damping In the above equation, g = gravity in m/s^2,L = length of the pendulum in m,m = mass of the ball in kg,b=damping coefficient. use,L=1 metre,m=1 kg,b=0.05,g=9.81 m/s2Simulate the…

Aim: To understand the concept of genetic algorithm. To look out for information regarding stalagmite function and ways to optimise it. Task at hand To write a code in MATLAB to optimise the stalagmite function and find the global maxima of the function. Clearly expalin the concept of genetic algorithm in your…

Aim: To write a function that extracts the 14 co-efficients and calculates the enthalpy, entropy and specific heats for all the species in the data file. Must calculate the molecular weight of each species and display it in the command window.   To plot the Cp, Enthalpy and Entropy for the local temperature range…

Knn algorithm: KNN is a simple algorithm, based on the local minimum of the target function which is used to learn an unknown function of desired precision and accuracy. The algorithm also finds the neighborhood of an unknown input, its range or distance from it, and other parameters. It’s based on the principle…

1. What is a Neural Network? Neural networks reflect the behavior of the human brain, allowing computer programs to recognize patterns and solve common problems in the fields of AI, machine learning, and deep learning. Neural networks, also known as artificial neural networks (ANNs) or simulated neural networks (SNNs),…

Aim: How is similarity calculated if data is categorical in nature. Implement K-means for “Car dataset” and come up with the business insights. How is similarity calculated if data is categorical in nature. The simplest way to find similarity between two categorical attributes is to assign a similarity…

Aim: To perform data cleaning on Automobile 1985 dataset. To perform descriptive analytics. Descriptive analysis: The conversion of raw data into a form that will make it easy to understand & interpret, ie., rearranging, ordering, and manipulating data to provide insightful information about the provided data. Descriptive…

Aim: To implement clustering and then to predict the price of the car from the dataset. Code: Dataset: https://www.kaggle.com/fazilbtopal/auto85 Explaination: Importing all libraries which might be of use further in the code is step 1. Import the csv data and the file location and the code location must be in the same…