Specification of Lithium Ion battery
AIM: To study the specification of Lithium-ion battery
OBJECTIVES:
- What is the difference between nominal voltage and maximum voltage?
- Under which situation we observe the changes in dimensions and weight of a cell.
- List out various mechanical testing and standards.
- What is the discard procedure suggested generally for used Li ion+ batteries?
For the lithium-ion cell datasheet
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dzaIY7UpP-7ViRNp7J23MyI0crZFWcPz/view?usp=sharing
OBJECTIVE 1 - What is the difference between nominal voltage and maximum voltage?
Depending on the design and chemistry of your lithium cell, you may see them sold under different nominal "voltages". For example, almost all lithium polymer batteries are 3.7V or 4.2V batteries. What this means is that the maximum voltage of the cell is 4.2v and that the "nominal" (average) voltage is 3.7V. As the battery is used, the voltage will drop lower and lower until the minimum which is around 3.0V. You should see the number 3.7V written on the battery itself somewhere.
OBJECTIVE 2 - Under which situation we observe the changes in dimensions and weight of a cell.
Most primary lithium cells have a warning printed on the label that cautions against the
following conditions:
- Short-circuit
- Charging
- Forced over-discharge
- Excessive heat or incineration
- Crush, puncture, or disassembly
Not guarding against these conditions may result in a hot cell or a battery pack that could vent
or explode. With Electrochem cells, the ensuing hazards associated with a hot cell typically will
not occur the instant the cell is abused. Rather, the cell will heat up over a period of time. This
can take place in a matter of seconds or hours. Subsequently, the end result has the potential
to result in a cell vent or explosion once the critical temperature is reached.
primary cells and batteries are labeled with their maximum operating temperature, indicated in
degrees Celsius. This temperature should not be exceeded.
OBJECTIVE 3 - List out various mechanical testing and standards.
There are various tests that are performed to check the performance and durability of the cell
Safety performance
1 Short Circuit:-The cell is to be short-circuited by connecting the positive and negative terminals of the cell directly with copper wire with a resistance of less than 0.05Ω.
2 Impact Test:- A test sample battery is to be placed on a flat surface. A 5/8 inch (15.8mm) diameter bar is to be placed across the center of the sample. A 20 pound (9.1kg) weight is to be dropped from a height of 24 ±1 inch (610±25mm) onto the sample.
3 Overcharge(3C/10V):- The cell is connected with a thermocouple and Put in a fume hood. The positive and negative terminals are connected to a DC power supply set at 7.8A and 10V until the cell reaches 10V and the current drops to approximately 0A. Monitor the temperature of the cell. When the temperature of the cell is approximately 10 less than the peak value, the test is completed.
4 Thermal shock:- After standard charging, heat the cell to 130±2 at a rate of 5±2 /min and keep it at this temperature for 30 minutes.
- The next is the environmental tests, the environment has a great effect on the battery for its performance so it's necessary to make it full proof to the environment.
Environmental tests 
1 High-temperature performance:- The fully charged cell is put at 55±2 for 2℃ hours and then discharged to 3.0V at 1.3A
2 Low-temperature performance:- The fully charged cell is placed during 16-24 hours at -20±2 and then discharge to 2.75V ℃ at 0.52A
3 Anti-vibration:- The fully charged cell is fixed on a platform and vibrated in the X, Y, and Z directions for 30minutes at the speed of 10ct/min Frequency: 10~30Hz, Vibration amplitude 0.38mm. Frequency: 30~55Hz, Vibration amplitude 0.19mm.
4 Drop Test:- The fully charged cell is dropped from a height of 1m onto a 15~20mm hardboard in X, Y, and Z directions once for all axis. Then the cell is discharged at 1.3A to 3.0V followed by 3 or more cycles with the standard charge rate and a discharge at 1.3A.
- Before conducting the electric testing we have some specific standards to follow.
- All tests need to be done within one month after the delivery date under the following conditions.
Ambient Temperature: 25 `pm` `5^circ`, Relative humidity 65 `pm` 20%
Standard conditions for test
Electrical Performance
OBJECTIVE 4 - What is the discard procedure suggested generally for used Li ion+ batteries?
- How should I dispose of lithium-ion batteries?
ANS - In the case of small lithium-ion batteries used in PCs, smartphones, digital cameras, and other mobile devices, remove the battery from its compartment, cover its contacts with plastic or insulating tape, and take it to any store that cooperates with the disposal of industrial waste such as an electrical appliance store or a home center.
If you discard lithium-ion batteries together with regular flammable or plastic trash, they might ignite in a garbage truck or an incinerator, causing fire hazards.
2. How should I dispose of industrial or large lithium-ion batteries?
ANS - You should properly dispose of industrial lithium-ion batteries used in automated guided vehicles (AGVs), storage battery systems, etc. as industrial waste.
The disposal method differs from manufacturer to manufacturer. Contact the manufacturer when you need to dispose of lithium-ion batteries. Some manufacturers will introduce a reliable industrial waste collector to you.
3. What are the key consideration while disposing of the lithium-ion battery?
ANS - The following considerations apply when disposing of lithium-ion batteries:
CONCLUSION-
Here we have completely gone through the specifications, testing, and safety measures for the lithium-ion cell.