Project 1_Analyze and design a steel building to 10T CRANE as per IS standard code using TEKLA STRUCTURAL DESIGNER.

Analyze and design a steel building to 10T CRANE as per IS standard code in TEKLA STRUCTURAL DESIGNER. Refer the attached plan and elevation. Provide bracings and moment connection for lateral stability. 

Consider dead, live, equipment and wind loading. Consider the brick wall loading for 150mm thick and 1.5 KN per sq m for wall and roof cladding.

Assume wind loading basic speed as 39m/s

Report of each member to be generated and extract drawings of structural plans from the software.

 

AIM : 

   To Analyze and design a steel building to 10T CRANE as per IS standard code in TEKLA STRUCTURAL DESIGNER. Refer the attached plan and elevation. Provide bracings and moment connection for lateral stability. 

 

INTRODUCTION : 

    Tekla Structures is used in the construction industry for steel and concrete detailing, precast and cast in-situ. The software enables users to create and manage 3D structural models in concrete or steel, and guides them through the process from concept to fabrication.

    Tekla Structures is a building information modeling software able to model structures that incorporate different kinds of building materials, including steel, concrete, timber and glass.

    Tekla Structures is used in the construction industry for steel and concrete detailing, precast and cast in-situ. The software enables users to create and manage 3D structural models in concrete or steel, and guides them through the process from concept to fabrication.^[7] The process of shop drawing creation is automated. It is available in different configurations and localized environments

 

PROCEDURE : 

STEP :1 

• Open the tekla software
• Go to the home tab and Select the setting option
• And modify the setting like design code, design setting ect..,
• And also modify the slab spacing and autodesign
• Next go to the construction level option on the model tab
• Set the base, ground floor, first floor, and roof, roof top
• Give the spacing for the floors as per the given architecture diagram
• And set the type TOF, SSL
• Use the grid option to draw the grid lines 
• And also use the grid parallel and perpendicular option to place the grid as per the given spacing
• And use the manage properties set option 
• click the new file option and select the members and pick the concrete column
• And rename it c1 
• And Modify the general setting and then ok
• Use the properties dialouge box on the left side screen
• select the c1 option and change base to ground floor
• And place the column on the grid
• Here now we want to place the steel column 
• So first taken the manage properties set option
• Next go to the new option 
• Then select the menbers and select steel column 
• And renmae it sc1
• Modify the general setting what we want like size , spacing etc...
• Use the properties dialouge box on the left side screen
• select the sC1 option and change ground level to roof
• And place the column on the grid

 

 

STEP :2 

• Here now we want to place the Beam
• So first taken the manage properties set option
• Next go to the new option 
• Then select the menbers and select steel beam
• And renmae it steel Beam 1
• Modify the general setting what we want like size , spacing etc...
• Use the properties dialouge box on the left side screen
• size as been MB 350 
• select the steel Beam 1 option 
• And place the steel beam on the vertical grid direction
• Again create beam with another size and place it where we want
• Next we want to make crane cantilever beam in between the gird 2 and 3 at roof floor
• just parallel the grid to 1m distance 
• And make a cantilever beam on grid 2 and 3 to 1m distance
• And if u validate it , its shows some error 
• So double click the beam and set the 2nd end at cantilever and the ok
• Next copy the beam and place at all the girds where we want

 

• Next we wnt to make a bracing
• After creating the rafter beam. Then next go to the model tab
• Select the frame option 
• Set the 3d screen
• And place the frame on the all the grid option 
• Then the frame as been created automatically
• Go to the structure box on the left side of the screen
• Then select the frame option and select the frame what we want
• Go to the model tab 
• select the construction line and pick the frame A
• Draw the construction line at mid point of  1 to 6 
• Draw the rafter beam on the grid with cone shape
• The rafter beam as been shown in below the image
• Select the rafter beam and right click and copy the beam 
• pick the reference line and copy to all the grid 

 

 

STEP :3 

• Next we want to create the steel brace
• So go the home tab and select manage property set
• Next we pick the new option and select members and pick the steel brace option
• And go the general setting and go to the section option
• Select the equal angles and select the 75  75  5  6  8  10
• And select the X brace option on the model tab
• Go to the properties box select the created brace option
• Next go to the frame 
• And draw the X brace on the floor
• And turn the screen on 3d and draw the X brace on the roof top
• The completed brace image as been shown below
• Next go to the roof panel option
• place the roof panel on the top of the roof
• The roof panel placed image as been shown below
• Next we want to make slab on the beam
• so go to the manage properties sets and make new slab and give a values 
• Finnaly place the slab on beam.

 

 

 

 

 

CALCULATION OF DEAD LOADS : 

• Brick wall thickness = 150mm
• Height of the wall = 5m
• unit weight = 20 KN/m^3 
• Brick wall loading (gf) = 0.15 x 20 x 5 = 15 KN/m
• Brick wall loading (ff) = 0.15 x 20 x 7 = 21 KN/m
• Unit weight of concrete = 24 KN/m^3
• Finishes = 50mm x 24 KN/m^3 = 0.05 x 24 = 1.2 KN/m^2

Floor height  

• Assume floor finish thickness = 50mm
• floor finish = 0.05 x 24 = 1.2 KN/m^3
• Roofing load based on purlin size : 1.5 KN/mm^2
• Ceiling load of 0.3 KN per sq m

---------------------------------------------- X --------------------------------------------------------------------------- X -----------------------------------------------------------

 

Calculation of Imposed load : 

• The live load has been considered by IS 875 PART 2 

 

 

---------------------------------------------- X --------------------------------------------------------------------------- X -----------------------------------------------------------

 

Calculation of crane load : 

GIVEN :

• Crane capacity= 100 KN
• Weight of crab = 35 KN
• Weight of crab = 160 KN
• Weight of trolley car = 10 KN
• The approximate minimum approach of the crane hook to gantry girder = 1m
• Span of crane girder (c/c of wheel) = 20 m
• Span of granty girder (c/c of wheel) = 6 m
• Self weight of the crane = 160/2 = 80
• Wheelbase = 3m

 

SOLUTION:

1.) Maximum wheel Ioad

1. Maximum concentrated load on crane = 35 + 100 = 135 KN
2. Self weight of crane will act as uniformly distributed load of intensity = 35 /10 = 3.5 KN/m

Taking Moment about B

    (RA X 20) - (135 X 19) - (8 X 20 X 10) = 0

                                                  RA = 208.25 KN 

Taking Moment about A

    RB = 295 - 208.25 = 86.75

                                                  RB = 86.75 KN 

•   

  RA + RB = 295 KN

 

 

The reaction of the crane gider is distributed equally on two wheel at the end of the crane girder.

Maximum wheel load on each wheel of crane (RA/2) = 208.25/2 = 104.12 KN

 

2.) Maximum Bending Moment: 

Assume self-weight of gantry girder as 1.5 KN/m

Assume self-weight of rail as 0.3 KN/m

Total dead load = 0.3 + 1.5 = 1.8 KN/m

 

At D :

  (RC X 6) = 104.12  X (2.25+3) + 104.12  X 2.25

                                               RC = 130.15 KN 

At C : 

                               RD = 78.09 KN 

•  

  RC + RD = 208.24 KN

Bending Moment under a wheel load due to live load

     RD X 2 = 78.09 X 2 = 156.18 KNm

 

Bending moment due to impact = 0.10 X 156.182 ( 10 % due to M.o.T)

                                              = 15.61 KN m

Total bending moment due to live load and impact load = 171.79 + 8.1 = 179.89 KNm

Bending moment due to dead load WI^2/8 = 1.8 X (6 x 6) /8 = 8.1 KNm

Maximum bending moment = 179.89 + 8.1 = 187.99 KN m

 

3.) Maximum shear force: 

 

At D :

(RC X 6) - (104.125 x 6) - (104.125 x 3)  = 0

                                          RC = 156.18 KN 

 Hence the Maximum shear force due to wheel load is = 156.18 KN

  

Lateral Forces :

Lateral force transverse to rails = 5% of the weight of crab and weight lifted

                                              = 0.05 x (35+10)

                                              = 2.25 KN

Lateral forces each wheel F1 = 2.25/2 = 1.125 KN

Maximum horizontal reaction due to lateralforce by proportion at C

  = Lateral force x reaction at c due to vertical load / Maximum wheel load due to vertical load

  = 1.125 x 156.18 / 104.12

  = 1.68 KN

Horizontal reaction due to lateral force by proportion at D

          2.25 - 1.68 = 0.57 KN

Bending moment due to lateral load = (1.125 / 104.12) X 130.15

                                                     = 1.406 KNm 

 

---------------------------------------------- X --------------------------------------------------------------------------- X -----------------------------------------------------------

 

Calculation of WIND load : 

Given Data :

• Basic wind speed = 39m/s
• Terrain category 2
• Total length of the building (l)  = 90m
• Total width of the building  (w) = 38m
• Total height of the building (h) = 16.5m
• Class of the structure = Class A
• Life of the structure = 50 Years
• l/w  = (90/38)    = 2.36
• h/w = (16.5/38) = 0.43

STEP :1

EXTERNAL PRESSURE CO-EFFICIENT (Cpe)

 

 

As per the IS 875 Part 3, Table 5

Building height ratio

Building height ratio = 1/2<h/w<3/2

                              = 0.5<0.43<1.5

Therefore, the building plan ratio = 1<l/w<3/2

= 1<2.36<1.5

Hence the plan we choose is given below

 

STEP :2

Finding the Factors (k1, k2, k3, k4)

k1:

From Table 1 for the basic wind speed for 39 m/s,

Risk Coeffiecent, K1 = 1.0

K2 :

From Table 2,

10m height = 1 for terrain category 2

15m height = 1.05

by using the interpolation method,

k2 = 1.02

  

K3:

Topography factor, k3 = 1 (from clause 6.3.3)

K4:

Importance factor K4 = 1.15 (from Clause 6.3.4)

 

STEP :3

Vz=Vb x k1 x k2 x k3 x k4

= 39x1x1.02x1x1.15

= 45.747 m/s

 

STEP :4

Pz = 0.6 Vz^2

= 0.6 x 45.747^2

= 1255.6728 n/sq.m

= 1.2556 kn/sq.m

 

STEP :5

Wind direction (up to roof level)

1.) Wind direction along y- direction (Face C & D):

•  

  	Cpe +	Cpi -
  Height of the building	16.5m	16.5m
  External pressure co-efficient Cpe	-0.6	-0.6
  Internal pressure co-efficient Cpe	0.7	-0.7
  Net pressure co-efficient Cp = Cpe - Cpi	1.3	0.1
  Design wind pressure, Pz	1.2	1.2
  Wind load on Wall (Cp x Cz) Kn/m^2	-1.625	0.125

 

2.) Wind direction along X- direction (Face A):

•  

  	Cpe +	Cpi -
  Height of the building	16.5m	16.5m
  External pressure co-efficient Cpe	0.7	0.7
  Internal pressure co-efficient Cpe	0.7	-0.7
  Net pressure co-efficient Cp = Cpe - Cpi	0	1.4
  Design wind pressure, Pz	1.2	1.2
  Wind load on Wall (Cp x Cz) Kn/m^2	0	1.75

 

3.) Wind direction along X- direction (Face B):

•  

  	Cpe +	Cpi -
  Height of the building	16.5m	16.5m
  External pressure co-efficient Cpe	-0.25	-0.25
  Internal pressure co-efficient Cpe	0.7	-0.7
  Net pressure co-efficient Cp = Cpe - Cpi	-0.95	0.45
  Design wind pressure, Pz	1.2	1.2
  Wind load on Wall (Cp x Cz) Kn/m^2	-1.187	0.562

 

 

STEP :6

Roof Calculation:

W.k.t

h/w = 0.6

In order external coefficient from the table 6

Slope = Sin theta = opp/hyp

= 2.813/8.939

theta = 18.34

by using interpolation method

(18.34-10)/ (20-10) = (x+1.2)/(-1.4+1.2)

therefore, x =-1.36

Similarly
(18.34-10)/(20-10) = (x+0.4)/(-0.4+1.4)

X = -1.24

Hence, EF = -1.36

FG = -1.24

   

STEP :7

1.) Wind direction along Y- direction (Face EF):

•  

  	Cpe +	Cpi -
  Height of the building	16.5m	16.5m
  External pressure co-efficient Cpe	-0.4	-0.4
  Internal pressure co-efficient Cpe	0.7	-0.7
  Net pressure co-efficient Cp = Cpe - Cpi	-1.1	0.3
  Design wind pressure, Pz	1.2	1.2
  Wind load on Wall (Cp x Cz) Kn/m^2	-1.375	0.375

 

2.) Wind direction along y- direction (Face GH):

•  

  	Cpe +	Cpi -
  Height of the building	16.5m	16.5m
  External pressure co-efficient Cpe	-0.4	-0.4
  Internal pressure co-efficient Cpe	0.7	0.7
  Net pressure co-efficient Cp = Cpe - Cpi	-1.1	-0.3
  Design wind pressure, Pz	1.2	1.2
  Wind load on Wall (Cp x Cz) Kn/m^2	-1.375	0.325

 

APPLY THE LOAD ON TSD : 

• Go to the load tab 
• pick the load cases option
• The load cases dialouge box as been opened automatically
• In there create a new loads like dead, imposed, wind, crane, servises, seismic..,
• Next go to the load combination
• And go to the generate option on the load combination dialouge box
• And select the 1st option and select next
• Again give the next option as 2 time
• and finally pick the finish option
• The load combination as generate sucessufully 
• Next we want to apply the dead load 
• So go to the below the screen on show process option
• And select the dead load option
• Next go to the home tab and select the manage properties set
• And select the new option and select the slab items and rename it as (one way slab and two way slab)
• Next go to the slab on beam option and select the slab item on general box
• As per the IS rules apply the one way slab and two way slab on the floors
• Next go to the area load 
• apply the loads on room as per same IS rules for all the floors
• After complete the load applyed on all the floors
• Next apply the load on roof panel
• The load applyed image as been shown below

 

 

 

 Step :2  

• Next we want to apply the imposed load
• AS like the same process go to below the screen "show process" set the imposed load
• Next go to the area load on top of the screen 
• For the all individual rooms have individula live load are there
• It as been the IS rules
• So we want to check the all the rooms live load and apply as per the IS rules
• the applyed  imposed load as given in below the image 
• The same process applyed all the floors

 

 

 Step :3 

• Open tekla software and 
• Here we want to set the crane load
• So go to the crane load option on below the screen
• Next go to the load tab 
• pick the point load and go to the left side of general box
• In there set the load type as nodal 
• And give the value we derived 
• Next go to the crane lifing beam and apply the load

 

 

 Step :4 

• Deleted all the previous wind load as been created in above
• Next go to the wind wizard option on under the load panel ,after wind wizard box as been appear 
• select the worst case data and unselect the (data for each direction and clade frame) --> Next 
• Give the wanted value on basic data box and click next
• Apply the fetch distance 10 and click next 
• And click next on topography box and results box
• And add the wind load on (load cases box) 
• Next go to the seismic load
• select the code spectra on (site specific spectra box) select next
• And given the basic information and select next
• Pick the next botton on structural irregularites
• select the rc steel concrete on fundamental period
• And select the steel building with OMRF on (Seismic force resisting system box) and pick next
• Again give the next botton and click finish

 

 

 Step :5 

• Open the tekla software and open the file previously doned
• Go to the load tab and select the seismic load
• Select the code spectra and pick Next
• Basic information --> Next
• Structural irregularties --> Next
• Fundamental period --> Next
• Seismic force resisting system --> steel building with OMRF --> Next
• Effective seismic weight --> export all load to right side --> Next
• Localization --> Next
• Initial parameters --> Replace only combination --> Next
• Combination --> Next
• Service --> Next

• Next go to the analysis tab and pick the setting option
• In there select 1st order non-linear and check once 100 and 0.01%
• And also check the concrete and general option once then click ok
• finally pick the analysis option and select the 1st order linear
• select all combination and load cases option and then click ok
• Go to the ground floor and select the result tab 
• And also select the deflection and select the load cases 
• Then we want to check the moment major, shear major, and Axial force 
• Select the frame 3 and check the deflection
• Select one beam and then right click
• Go to the check member --> static
• I got a some mistake in moment major and deflection
• So First we want go to the property template
• And chamge the beam size 350 --> 600
• And again analysis the model
• And go to the same beam and right click and select the check member --> static
• now i got all member passed

 

• Taken a passed beam go to the review screen
• And use the copy monitor option
• Copy the passed beam to other failed beams  
• Finally all beams are passed
• Next we want to check the column
• Select the column And right click the column and select check member --> static
• And column as been failed 
• So go to the column properties template and change the section ISMB (Indian - UK)
• And select 610X305X238 THEN OK
• After check with using check member --> static and my column as been passed
• Again using the copy monitor option and copy all passed column to failed column

•  

 

 

RESULT : 

Analyze and design a steel building to 10T CRANE as per IS standard code in TEKLA STRUCTURAL DESIGNER. Refer the attached plan and elevation. Provide bracings and moment connection for lateral stability. 

 As per the question, the model and calculation as been doned sucessfully