Central difference scheme : In this scheme derivative at a point is approximated by taking information about two points ahead and two points behind the point under consideration. For symmetric `4^(th)` order approximation of a second-order derivative, `"Number of nodes in stencil " = " Order of accuracy"+"Order of…

 Transient 2D heat conduction:      Governing equation for transient 2D heat conduction (without heat generation) is,                                  `(del T)/(del t ) - alpha.((del^2 T)/(del x^2 )+(del^2…

1D Quasi Supersonic-subsonic nozzle: Consider isentropic flow through a supersonic-subsonic nozzle as shown in fig(1). Flow at nozzle inlet comes from a reservoir with a very large cross-sectional area (theoretically `A to infty`) and hence inlet velocity is negligible so inlet conditions can be assumed to be stagnant.…

# The case : We are going to simulate transient variations in the laminar flow of an incompressible, viscous fluid through a 2D backwards-facing step. Water is chosen as the incompressible fluid which flows from left to right in the setup shown in fig.(1). Also, we are going to use a non-graded mesh and a graded mesh (grading…

Finite Volume Method (FVM) : In FVM the computational domain is divided into a number of smaller nonoverlapping finite volumes (or cells) and the (integral) governing equations of the flow are solved at (centre & faces) these cells.   Volume integrals in a partial differential equation that contain a divergence term…

# Abstract : We are going to simulate the internal flow of a fluid through a pipe. The simulation will be validated using the Hagen-Poiseuille equation which is based on the following assumptions:- The pipe is horizontal (i.e. no pressure drop due to gravity. Fluid sticks at pipe surfaces i.e. no-slip condition at pipe…

# Abstract : We are going to simulate the internal flow of a fluid through a pipe. The simulation will be validated using the Hagen-Poiseuille equation which is based on the following assumptions:- The pipe is horizontal (i.e. no pressure drop due to gravity. Fluid sticks at pipe surfaces i.e. no-slip condition at…

# Objective:The objective of this project is to study the mixing efficiency in a mixing Tee for different lengths of the (main) pipe section and different T-inlet flow velocities. # Introduction: The mixing tee is a junction that intersects the main pipe axis at `90^@` from where secondary fluid is added. This component…

# Objective: To simulate the flow over a cylinder.   # Introduction: In this project, we are going to simulate vortex shedding observed in the case of flow over a cylindrical surface using different Reynolds numbers from `10` to `10^5`. We will carry out qualitative analysis for this and hence will use a steady-state…

# Abstract: The aerodynamic behavior of Ahmed body is investigated numerically and the coefficient of drag is validated with experiments from literature. Simulations use a slant angle of `25^@`, yawing angle of `0^@`, and Reynolds number of `1.664` x `10^(6)`. Grid dependency test is carried out and results agree fairly…

  # Abstract:Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) analysis is carried out for the exhaust manifold of an inline `4` cylinder engine. Heat transfer coefficient (HTC) on the outer surface of the exhaust is taken as `20` `W//m^2 K`, the inlet temperature of exhaust gases as `700` K, ambient temperature as `300` K & inflow…

The Rayleigh–Taylor instability, or RT instability (after Lord Rayleigh and G. I. Taylor), is the instability of an interface between two fluids of different densities which occurs when the lighter fluid is pushing the heavier fluid. Examples include the behavior of water suspended above oil in the gravity of Earth,…

# Abstract: Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) analysis is carried out on a generic graphics card of a computer. Inlet temperature is 300 K & inflow velocity is varied from 1 `m//s` to 5 `m//s`. Steady-state simulations are performed and Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) on processor walls is computed in steady-state conditions.…

# Abstract:Parameters affecting cyclone separator efficiency are studied by simulating the flow with varying particle size and varying inflow velocity. It is found that velocity & particle size has the most prominent[1-2] effect on efficiency hence only these two factors are examined in detail. The simulations are…

# Abstract:The flow of water (at `20 ^@`C) through a gate valve is examined for increasing stem travels (valve openings). The study is parametric with stem travel as input parameter and volume flow rate, flow factor & flow coefficient as output parameters in ANSYS Workbench. The simulations are carried out with commercially…

# Abstract:A steady-state combustion simulation of methane with air in a combustor is carried out. The mass fraction of the different species (CO2, H2O, CH4, N2, O2, NOx emissions & Soot) produced during combustion is studied using line probes at different locations of the combustor. A parametric study is done with…

PART I: Running the case file at 1800 RPMThe case in the tutorial file in path GTIv2019tutorialsModeling_ApplicationsEngine_Performance1-1cylDIorSI was run with 1800 RPM engine speed and the quantities of interest are shown below.   Some important engine performance parameters are: PowerPower is the time rate at which…

PART I: Comparison of SI vs CI engine Attribute   SI Engine CI Engine Charge Ignition : By spark Self-ignition on compression Thermodynamic cycle : Otto cycle Diesel cycle Thermal efficiency : Low High Fuel : Slow-burning fuels are used: Petrol, LPG, methanol, ethanol, bioethanol, CNG, Hydrogen Fast burning fuels…

# Aim: For this project, we are going to compute & plot Adiabatic flame temperature (AFT) during the combustion of methane (natural gas) using python and Cantera package. Our main objectives are: Find AFT variation with Equivalence ratio in a constant volume chamber and compare results with and without using cantera…

# Aim: In this project, we are going to study the effect on the combustion efficiency of a simple natural gas burner due to the pre-heating of air by a recuperator. # Theory: Recuperator A recuperator is simply a heat exchanger used to recover waste heat from thermodynamic processes, especially in power plants. For…

Stability of an ODE: Stability, in the context of mathematics, means that a small disturbance in initial conditions doesn't cause any major changes to the system. In terms of the solution of a differential equation, a function f(x) is said to be 'stable' if any other solution let's say a numerical solution, of the equation,…

Theory: In the combustion mechanism, the rate of change of concentration i.e. the rates of production or depletion of different species are governed by a system of coupled ODEs. Also, it is not uncommon to see the concentration of some species changing rapidly while others in change comparatively slowly. Hence these systems…

Objective: To find the autoignition time of methane under varying conditions of pressure & temperature and analyze the evolution of molar concentrations of reactants with combustion progress. For this we will consider: Auto ignition time with Constant temperature of 1250 K and pressure variation from 1 to 5 atmospheres.…

Objective: To find the 'n' reactions in GRI-MECH 3.0 to which a given component is most sensitive to using Cantera. Theory: Sensitivity analysis is used to get a quantitative measurement of how changes in an input parameter to a mathematical model (which takes many inputs) change a given output. In simple words, sensitivity…

OBJECTIVE: To find geometrical errors in the provided CAD geometry and apply appropriate topological cleanup. Surface mesh the pressure relief valve with triangular elements and target lengths of 1 mm, 3 mm & 5m. INTRODUCTION: A check valve, also called a one-way valve, is a device that allows the flow of fluids to…

OBJECTIVE: To perform topological clean-up on the given CAD geometry of a turbocharger. To make proper surface & volumetric mesh for CFD simulations. INTRODUCTION: A turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases generated at the outlet of an internal combustion…

Objective: For the given car model, check and solve all geometrical errors on half portion and assign appropriate PIDs. Perform meshing with the given Target length and element Quality criteria. After meshing the half model, Do symmetry to the other side. Target lengths for the different parts of a model are as follow:Body…

Objective: The main purpose of this project is to perform topo clean-up on CAD models of the Engine, gearbox, and transmission, defeature the models for CFD, and finally make CFD mesh around them using the surface wrap utility. PART I: Engine The imported CAD model for the engine is shown below. Its topology needs to be…

Abstract: The objective of this project is to create a wind tunnel volumetric mesh for carrying out external flow CFD analysis on a Tesla cyber truck. The project workflow is as follows: Importing CAD model to ANSA. Checking for topological & geometric errors. Surface clean-up. Assigning PIDs to relevant surfaces.…