Contents Introduction to Gas Power Cycle Primary assumptions for Otto Cycle Comparing P-V & T-S characteristic curves with SI Engine cycle Efficiency calculation for Otto Cycle MATLAB coding for calculation of state variables & PV plot generation for Otto Cycle Explanation of Code & Syntax usage Errors committed…

Simple Harmonic Oscillation of Simple Pendulum Discretizing the forces acting on a simple pendulum by drawing the force body diagram (FBD) gives us a better understanding of the approximations and assumptions to be made to calculate damp free oscillating motion of Simple pendulum. Let L be the length of the string, m be…

AIM: To optimize a stalagmite Function using Genetic Algorithm   Theory of Genetic Algorithm: A genetic algorithm (GA) is a method for solving both constrained and unconstrained optimization problems based on a natural selection process that mimics biological evolution. Computational way of understanding the Genetic…

AIM : To  parse NASA thermal data, plot thermal properties vs Temperature & evaluate molecular mass of each element of thermal data.   Given Data : Thermal Properties relationship with Temperature: where Cp - Specific Heat of Element R - Universal Gas Constant = 8.314 KJ/kg mol K H - Enthalpy S - Entropy…

Simulink Modelling of a Doorbell using Spring Actuated Solenoid   AIM : To obtain the Position (x) vs Time (t) graph for solenoid actuation for various solenoid masses   ELECTRIC BELL WORKING BLOCK DIAGRAM :   Our ultimate motive is to make the hammer touch the bell and retract as per given time. The switch…

CONTROL LOGIC FOR WASHING MACHINE USING STATEFLOW : A washing machine has these major process cycles for proper functioning of machine. 1. Clothes are soaked with water finside the drum for certain specified amount of time with a constant discharge 2. Washing is a process followed by spinning the drum in both directions…

Objective : Deriving 4th order approximation of a 2nd order derivative using Taylor Table method   CASE I : Central Difference Scheme Approximation Given : The second order PDE for CDS is `frac{del^2f}{delx^2} = a*f_(i-2) + b.f'_(i-1) + c*f''_(i) + d.f'''_(i+1) + e.f''''_(i+2) rarr1` Order of the derivative (Q) =…

Solving the steady and unsteady 2D heat conduction problem :   Governing Differential equation for Heat Conduction `rho*C_p*(frac{delT}{delt}) + beta*T* (frac{delP}{delt}) = frac{del}{delx}*k_x(frac{delT]{delx}) + frac{del}{dely}*k_y(frac{delT]{dely}) + frac{del}{delz}*k_z(frac{delT]{delz}) + Q''' => (star)` where…

To calculate `U_( f i n a l)` & X of Linear Convection equation for set of time steps & plot `U_( f i n a l)` vs X   Motivation to understand Time & space marching problems: Linear Convection part of the Navier stokes equation is given by Indexing for 'u' to characterize space & time marching elements…

Objective : To calculate Ufinal">Ufinal of Linear Convection equation for set of nodes & plot Ufinal">Ufinal vs X">X     Theory : Linear Convection part of the Navier stokes equation is given by ∂u∂t+c⋅∂u∂x=0">∂u∂t+c⋅∂u∂x=0     Indexing…

Stability analysis of linear systems The linear equation to be solved is `A*X = B` `A = [[5 ,1, 2],[-3,9,4],[1,2,-7]]`   `X = [[x1],[x2],[x3]]`   `B = [[10],[-14],[33]]` `[[5 ,1, 2],[-3,9,4],[1,2,-7]]*[[x1],[x2],[x3]] = [[10],[-14],[33]]`   Values of X can be found be Iterations techniques as follows…

Simulation of a 1D Super-sonic nozzle flow simulation using Macormack Method   The main idea for understanding conservative and Non- conservative form of g.e equation is based on the understanding of control volume status.   Reynold's Transport Theorem : The basic idea that goes into understanding control volume…

Simulation of a backward facing step in OpenFOAM   Objective : To simulate 2-D incompressible fluid flow over a backward facing step using openFoam Plotting Velocity vs time for x = 0.085m for noslip condition of the wall Understand the significance of grading factor for meshing from the results   Understanding…

Finite Volume Method (A hybrid of FDM & FEM)   Motivation from limitations of Finite difference method (FDM) What kind of behaviour do we desire from a discretizion method for solving good CFD problems ? 1. Conservativeness 2. Boundedness 3. Transportiveness   Conservativeness A governing differential equation…

Simulation of Flow through a pipe in OpenFoam   Objective : 1. Simulate an axi-symmetric flow by applying the wedge boundary condition 2. Validate Hydro-dynamic length with the numerical result 3. Validate the fully developed flow velocity profile with its analytical profile 4. Validate maximum velocity and pressured…

Validation studies of Symmetry BC vs Wedge BC in OpenFOAM vs Analytical H.P equation Objective :1. Simulate an axi-symmetric flow by applying the wedge boundary condition at wedge angles of `10^circ`, `25^circ` & `45^circ`2. Validate Hydro-dynamic length with the numerical result3. Validate the fully developed…

Surface meshing on a Pressure valve   The whole process for Meshing is divided into  a) Geometrical surface cleanup  b) Assigning properties for components of assembly  c) Meshing for each component   For CFD analysis of any body, the body must not have any porous openings, inorder to implement…

CFD meshing on Turbocharger   Major steps for Volumetric Meshing 1. Surface cleanup (Filling Holes) 2. Surface cleanup (Deleting Interferring geometries) 3. Enclose geometry 4. Assigning and creating PIDs 5. Surface Meshing 6. Volumetric Meshing   1. Surface Cleanup (Filling Holes)   Checking for Single…

CFD Meshing for BMW car Project Contents : 1. Surface Clean-up     a) Merged surfaces of different PID'S     b) Extended intersecting surfaces     c) Improper profiled surfaces     d) Single CON clean-up     e) Tripple CON clean-up    …

Surface wrap on Automotive Assembly   Contents : 1. Surface Cleanup 2. Unmerging different PIDs 3. Closing all surfaces for perfect water tight wrap 4. Merging all assemblies 5. Surface Wrap   1. Surface Cleanup One can clearly see the extra dough-nut shaped rings used for creating curved surface regions. Our…

CFD Meshing for TESLA CYBERTRUCK: Project Contents : 1. Surface Clean-up     a) Merged surfaces of different PID'S     b) Extended intersecting surfaces     c) Improper profiled surfaces     d) Single CON clean-up     e) Tripple CON clean-up    …

Week 2 - Flow over a Cylinder   Contents 1. Introduction to Vorticity     a) Viscosity (A messenger to introduce Vorticity)     b) Mechanism of Vortex Shedding     c) Vortex visibility regimes 2. Computational Domain 3. Meshing Methodologies 4. Physics & Solver Setup 5. Animation Methods 6. Results and Discussions   1.…

External flow simulation over an Ahmed body   Ahmed Body and its importance : This benchmark model was designed to make baseline analysis for understanding of aerodynamic quantities like drag forces acting over the surface of the car. Main aim of the aerodynamics engineer is to make sure that flow over the car doesn't…

Rayleigh Taylor Instability   This is a pertained instability of two immiscible fluids, purely driven by the density stratification of two fluids. The layer between these two fluids is called "Interface"   At Base State : This Interface is called an "Unperturbed Interface", meaning that the fluids are considered…

CHT Analysis on Exhaust port     Why and where CHT is used ? The Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) analysis type allows for the simulation of heat transfer between solid and fluid domains by exchanging thermal energy at the interfaces between them. Typical applications of this analysis type exist as,…

CHT Analysis on a Graphics card   Conjugate Heat Transfer analysis is used for the processes that involve a variety of temperatures concerning solids and fluids, due to thermal interaction between them. A typical example would be the heating or cooling of a solid by the flow of air. The exchange of heat between two…

Empirical models 1) Iozia and Leith model - This model was developed based on force balance. In this model, since the particle undergoes vortex flow, two main forces are considered - i.e, centrifugal force and flow resistance. The collection efficiency(ηi) of particle diameter(dpi) is given as …

Parametric study on Gate valve Obtain the mass flow rates at the outlet for each design point. Calculate the flow coefficient and flow factor for each opening and plot the graph. Discuss the results of the mass flow rate and flow coefficient.    Gate-Vave Schematic          Geometry Preparation:…

Part I Geometry: We are provided with a 3-D Model, our focus is to convert this into 2D Model using Split Body  Start by enabling planes in X-Z & X-Y Planes  NOTE : The final 2-D plane has to be in X-Y Axis for using axi-symmetrix option in Fluent   Select Combine > Select all bodies > Ok …

Part - I 1) Geometry setup :  prepare -> volume extract -> select the fluid volume by selecting all the edges of 4 openings -> Ok Hide the solid volume and the left will be fluid volume which we generated. Now we have to split this body into half to extract the 2D geometry right in…