1. Fourth-order approximation of second-order derivative by using ''Central Differencing scheme'' Number of Grid Points = Order of Error + Order of Derivative-1 Therefore,= 4+2-1 = 5 The second-order accurate approximation is : ∂u/∂x = a*f(i-2)+b*f(i-1)+c*f(i)+d*f(i+1)+e*f(i+2) Taylor's table shown below: …

Let's solve the 2-D heat conduction equation for the steady and unsteady state using iterativetechniques such as Jacobi, gauss seidel, and successive over-relaxation method. Concept:  This heat equation is needed to be solved by both explicit(where RHS terms are the terms of previous time steps) andexplicit(where…

Objective To write the code for both conservative and non-conservative forms of governing equations which is solving the 1D supersonic nozzle flow equation using the Maccormack Method. Determining the minimum number of cycles in which the solution gets converged under both the scenarios and comparing the mass flow rates…

TO EXPLAIN THE NEED FOR THE INTERPOLATION SCHEMES AND FLUX LIMITER IN THE FVM(FINITE VOLUME METHOD) Aim: To describe the need for the interpolation schemes in the FVM and flux limiter. Methods Of The CFD: To solve the real-world problem, thdiscovereddiscovery three simples schemes for the numerical solution are Finite…

Objective: 1. To simulate a 2D incompressible laminar flow through a cylinder pipe in OpenFOAM.2. Compare the velocity profile and maximum shear stress for the fully developed flow along with pressure drop with the HagenPoiseuille's Equation.3. To make arrangements to save computational resources and time by reducing the…

AIM: TO SIMULATE THE WEDGE FLOW USING THE OPEN FOAM FOR DIFFERENT ANGLES OF THE WEDGE AND TO CAPTURE THE RESULTS. THE GIVEN ANGLES FOR THE FLOW ARE 102545 simulation flow through a pipe from open foam objective: the main objective of the project is to simulate the flow through the pipe in OPEN FOAM software.1. we…

Aim: incompressible-laminar-viscous flow through the backward-facing step geometry. Objectives: Analyze and simulate flow through the backward-facing steps. Creating multiple meshes - mesh grading factors: 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and determining how the velocity magnitude profilechanges. Measuring the velocity profile at 8.5 m from…

Adiabatic Flame Temperature Calculation using Python and Cantera. Aim : To study the effect of equivalence ratio on Adiabatic Flame Temperature using the Newton Raphson method and Cantera. To calculate the Adiabatic Flame Temperature for the constant pressure with heat loss. To calculate the Adiabatic Flame Temperature…

 HANDLING MIXTURES WITH CANTERA AIM: To work with the Quantity class of Cantera to create various mixtures and explain how the mixture calculations are performed. OBJECTIVE:  Explain how the mixture calculations are performed. Using the above image answer and solve the following questions Use the "moles"…

AIM: To find the effect of preheating on the adiabatic flame temperature. To plot the effect of preheat temperature on combustion efficiency. THEORY: A recuperator is a special purpose counter flow energy recovery heat exchanger positioned within the supply and exhaust air streams of an air handling system, or…

    Compact Notation Derivation for a simple Mechanism OBJECTIVE: The main objective is to derive the ODE's for the given reaction mechanism by using compact notation.   THEORY: In general, we know that the combustion forms products from reactants after some time. But when it comes to reality,…

AIM: To carry out a literature review on ordinary differential equations stability.     Introduction A stable problem is the one for which small changes in the initial conditions elicit only small changes in the solution. In other words, stability in mathematics, is the state in which a little change in…

Aim :To solve the set of equations with multiple variables using the Newton Raphson Solver. Apparatus or given data: 1)dy1dt=−0.04y1+104y2y3 2)dy2dt=0.04y1−104y2y3−3.107y22 3)dy3dt=3.107y22 Initial Conditions:   y1=1;y2=0;y3=0;   Methods for Numerical analysis: 1)Implicit Euler method 2)Jacobian…

AIM: To perform Auto Ignition using Cantera Part 1: Performing Simulation on Auto-Ignition and Ignition delay on Methane on variation temperature and pressure with a simulation time of 10secs in below two cases  Case:1 Plotting the variation of Auto Ignition time of Methane with a constant temperature of 1250K…

AIM:                Sensitivity analysis of grimech 3.0. OBJECTIVE: To write a code that takes all the reactions from the GRI mechanism and calculates 10 most sensitive reactions To plot a graph of sensitivities vs the reactions. THEORY: SENSITIVITY:…

                                            SIMULATING  CHANNEL FLOW USING CONVERGE CFD l. INTRODUCTION Channel flow is an internal flow in which the confining walls change the hydrodynamic structure…

Aim:  Flow over a backward-facing step Objective: The simulation is run for the three different mesh size Contents to be shown in the report: 1. Show the mesh (i.e surface with edges) for all the 3 base mesh sizes 2. Show pressure and velocity contours 3. Show the plots of velocity, pressure, mass flow rate,…

                                           PROJECT STEADY-STATE SIMULATION OF FLOW OVER A THROTTLE BODY   AIM: To run the simulation of a steady-state simulation of flow over a throttle body. OBJECTIVE:…

Aim: The aim of the project is to simulate the flow through a throttle body using transient simulation. The objective is to understand the development of the flow with the aid of different plots. Theory: The throttle valve arrangement which is the subject of this analysis is frequently used in automobiles to regulate…

Aim: To study the flow over the Convex corner or expansion waves To study the influence of SUB-GRID-CRITERION on the results. Literature review on Boundary Conditions and Shock flow To simulate the Prandtl_Meyer expansion Wave Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Fan: A supersonic expansion fan, technically known as Prandtl–Meyer…

Objective: To simulate the flow through the solid pipe "Conjugate Heat transfer" and understand super cycling. We have to perform the following tasks: Baseline configuration Setup a flow simulation through a pipe Inlet Reynolds number should be 7,000 HINT: Use the below formula to calculate velocity for the corresponding…

Aim:-  The aim of the project is to simulate the flow across a shock tube. We intend to study the pressure and temperature distribution over time. Also, we intend to study the variation of cell count over time. Theory:-  The shock tube is an instrument used to replicate and direct blast waves at…

Aim: Apply Reynold’s decomposition to the NS equations and come up with the expression for Reynold’s stress. Explain your understanding of the terms Reynold’s stress What is turbulent viscosity? How is it different from molecular viscosity? Turbulence: Turbulence is an irregular motion of the air resulting…

Aim - Surface preparation and Boundary Flagging (PFI) Introduction- The purpose of the task is to do boundary flagging and surface preparation for the given geometry. After that, we will run the simulation for no hydrodynamic case setup and see the motion of the piston and valves in the cylinder for better understanding.…

Aim : To set up a combustion simulation with the details given in the challenge and to study different properties of combustion by post-processing the results obtained by the calculation of the full hydrodynamic setup of the given geometry. Objective : 1. What is the compression ratio of this engine? 2. Why do we need…

1. Title – Emission characterization on a CAT3410 engine. 2. Objective – To import the CAD model of the engine in converge Software and check for errors. To make sector for both omega piston and w piston, with make engine sector surface. To solve the case using a suitable solver and convert the result…

FINAL TEST PFI QUESTIONS Q1. What is the Compression ratio for the engine? The compression ratio (CR) is defined as the ratio of the volume of the cylinder and its headspace (including the pre-combustion chamber, if present) when the piston is at the bottom of its stroke to the volume of the headspace when the…

                                                                 Mixing Tee   Aim:- Set up steady-state simulations to compare the mixing effectiveness…

 AIM: Simulate the flow over a cylinder and explain the phenomenon of Karman vortex street. Understanding the vortex shedding for different Reynolds numbers by changing the inlet velocities accordingly. Create a monitor point behind the cylinder at a distance 4 times the diameter which can be used to calculate and…

1. INTRODUCTION The Ahmed body is a simplified car body used in the automotive field to study the impact of the flow pattern on drag. The external aerodynamics of the car defines many major traits of an automobile like stability, comfort, and fuel consumption at high speeds. The flow around the vehicle is characterized…

Objective :   In this challenge,  We will ,give a brief description of why and where a CHT analysis is used.  We wil simulate both fluid flow and also the heat transfer to the solid i.e., CHT Analysis on an Exhaust port Then we will calculate the wall heat transfer coefficient on the internal solid…

Objective: What are some practical CFD models that have been based on the mathematical analysis of Rayleigh Taylor waves? In your own words, explain how these mathematical models have been adapted for CFD calculations. Perform the Rayleigh Taylor instability simulation for 2 different mesh sizes with the base mesh being…

CHT ANALYSIS ON A GRAPHICS CARD   AIM: Perform a steady-state conjugate heat transfer analysis on a model of a graphics card.  OBJECTIVE: Simulate by varying the velocity from 1m/sec to 5m/sec for at least 3 velocities and discuss the results. Find out the maximum temperature and heat transfer coefficient…

  Abstract: A CFD analysis of a cyclone separator is performed. The separation efficiency is found. Firstly the diameter of the particles is varied. Then the velocity at the inlet is varied with particles of constant diameter. The Physics of the problem is set up in Ansys Fluent. The Post-processing of the results…

Aim:  To perform a parametric study on the Gate valve. Objective: 1. Simulate the flow of fluid through a gate valve. 2. Perform the parametric study on the gate valve by setting design points corresponding to the positions of the lift of the spindle. 3. Calculate the mass flow rate corresponding to all the design…

1. Title – Simulating combustion of natural gas. 2. Objective – To import the combustor 3D model in Spaceclaim, convert it into 2D ad save it as a new model. To mesh the combustor model with a suitable mesh setting. To set up the solver setting with the proper solver model and its parameter. To generate…

2D Cavitation simulation Objective : To simulate the case for Winkl Hoffer Nozzle to study Cavitation. And compare the result for different pressure differences Case 1: Set up the case for a Pressure difference of 30 bars Case 2: Set up the case for a Pressure difference of 70 bars Case 3: Set up the case for a Pressure…

Aim:  The objective of the project is to convert CAD shapes into Icepak primitive shapes in Spaceclaim & modify the components in Icepak & define the correct physics. Steps: The given CAD model of an electronic enclosure assembly is imported in SpaceClaim where the following steps are carried out: The bodies…

Aim: To perform the Non-Conformal Meshing on a Cold plate model Objective: To perform the analysis for a two-heated plates model, cooled by water circulating inside the cold-plate cavity, as well as by air driven by natural convection externally. And separately meshed assemblies will be employed to reduce the overall mesh…

AIM The objective of the project is to create the multi level meshing to resolve CAD objects in the Icepak model and reduce the original mesh elements. TASK Create a non-conformal mesh assembly and use the mesh separately option with slack values. Use set uniform parameters and use average on 1 assembly, in the multi-level…

Theory: Forced convection is a mechanism or type of transport, in which fluid motion is generated by an external source (like a pump, fan, suction device, etc.). Alongside natural convection, thermal radiation , and thermal conduction it is one of the methods of heat transfer and allows significant amounts of…

Aim: To simplify the given CAD model of an electronic enclosure assembly and perform thermal analysis of the same. Objective: The given CAD model is simplified into an Icepak model using the commands available in ANSYS SpaceClaim. The model is imported into ANSYS Icepak using a suitable workflow created in ANSYS Workbench.…

Aim: To perform thermal simulation of the given model i.e Hanging node. Objectives: 1. Unpack the model into icepak 2. Generate mesh with Multi-level settings to reduce No of nodes and elements (Done in assignment 2 week 5) 3. Perform thermal simulation of model in natural convection mode 4. Plot the contours of residuals…

Circuit Breaker: Effect of Natural convection Objective: The objective of this challenge is to Verify the temperature rise for the low-voltage control panel for the given configuration. Perform the simulation as per the regulations that have been provided in the challenge. Problem Description:  Here we need…

CHALLENGE: Build the model as per the following information. Mesh the model with nonconformal meshing Solve the problem of natural convection.   MODEL: 1. The model has been created based on the given drawing. and simplified to ICE PAK objects using SpaceClaim. 2. Two grilles have been created in the bottom with direction…

Aim To create a model for PCB - by importing the PCB layout, library files, and traces to ANSYS Icepak - and perform thermal analysis of the same for the following three cases: 1. The model is solved only for conduction, without the components. 2. The model is solved for forced convection with the actual components. 3.…

Aim:  Unpack the Icepak model of fan blades and create the rotating MRF fluid blocks to create flow in the model. Perform problem setup and solution settings for an MRF model, Use good meshing technique for good results Description: An Icepak 3D fan object may sometimes behave differently from real fan behavior. Typically…

Loss Coefficient for a Hexa-Grille: Objective: To design and analyze a flow domain that includes a part of Hexa-Grille inside it. Here we are set to study the parametric study, trials of the parameter, and primary and compound functions that we need to report. Introduction: Simulations of electrical equipment, enclosed…

Objective: To create a model of the data center which includes computer room air conditioning units (CRACs), server cabinets, power distribution units (PDUs), and perforated floor tiles in the data center. and study the flow distribution and behavior of server stacks in the data center Problem description: This tutorial…

Q Explore the GUI of GT SUITE and list down modules available with a brief description Ans:- GT Suite is the CAE simulation tool with capabilities and libraries aimed at a wide range of applications and industries. It offers engineering functionalities ranging from fast concept design to detailed system or sub-system/component…

AIM : To run the single-cylinder SI engine setup at 1800 rpm and list down parameters such as air flow rate, BSFC, BMEP, and In-cylinder pressure. To run the same setup at 3600 rpm and to increase the output by 10% INTRODUCTION: A spark-ignition engine (SI engine) is an internal combustion engine, generally…

Basic Calibration of Single Cylinder CI Engine   Aim: To compare the differences in developing a single-cylinder SI and CI engine model in GT-Suite and determine the influence of the MFB parameter on the CI engine performance. Introduction: The Spark Ignition (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI) engines were developed…

What is meant by Turbocharger?? A turbocharger, (or turbo), is a turbine-driven forced induction device that increases an internal combustion engine’s efficiency and power output by forcing extra air into the combustion chamber. This improvement over a naturally aspirated engine’s power output is due to…

AIM * To explore tutorial 9 which in detail explains how to convert an existing model into a fast-running model (FRM). * To build an FRM using the FRM builder approach with     bore = 102 mm     Stroke = 115 mm     Compression ratio (CR) = 17     CI engine, Twin Scroll Turbine, GT…

Tutorial Single Cylinder DI add Case 2 with discretization length 0.1 mm for intake runner and compare with the default case 1: The study is done on the Single Cylinder Diesel Engine. It's a CI, single-cylinder engine, with two pipes for the intake system and the other two pipes for the exhaust system., SOHC, and direct-injection,…