Challenge 12

Detail design of beams in Etabs 2018The ETABS file for a G+4 building is provided. Run the analysis and design the RCC Moment Resisting Frame. The following challenge deals specifically with two continuous beams on the 1st floor.        1) 3 span continuous beam along grid A       …

1. Section Classification Problem (a) ISMB 500 From IS 808:1989, dimensions of ISMB 500 are: Flange width bf=180 mmbf​=180mm, flange thickness tf=17.2 mmtf​=17.2mm, Web height hw=465.6 mmhw​=465.6mm, web thickness tw=9.4 mmtw​=9.4mm. Flange Classification (b/t): bf2tf=1802×17.2=5.232tf​bf​​=2×17.2180​=5.23…

   Comparative Study of Different Story Buildings for Seismic Forces AIM: TO MODEL AND ANALYZE MULTIPLE BUILDINGS WITH DIFFERENT FLOOR LEVELS AND DESIGN PARAMETERS USING ETABS SOFTWARE AND COMPARE THE RESULTS TO UNDERSTAND THEIR OVERALL SEISMIC BEHAVIOUR.INTRODUCTION: The structural configuration of…

1. Model Initialization in ETABS:Open ETABS software.Click on New Model.In the New Model Quick Template dialog, select Custom Grid Spacing.Click Edit Grid Data and set your custom grid spacing.After setting the grid, click OK.2. Story and Grid Data:Under Story Dimension, click Edit Story Data.Set the story data for the…

Q1.The building shown, 20 × 35 m in plan, has columns on a 5 × 5 m grid and shear walls (with dimensions shown in m, 250 mm in thickness) in three alternative arrangements, (a), (b), (c), all with the same total cross-sectional area of the shear walls. Compare the three alternatives, taking into account the restraint of…

Q1:Comment on the layout of the framing plan concerning earthquake resistance in the two horizontal directions X or Y (dots are columns, lines depict beams). Look into aspects of symmetry, redundancy and bi-directional stiffness and ductility.   1.Symmertry Having a look over the aspects of symmetry of the framing plan,…

  Step 1: Computing Modal Mass (Mn)   We want to calculate the modal mass (Mn) for each of the five modes using the formula:      Mn = Φn^T * M * Φn      Where M is the mass matrix and Φn is the mode shape for each mode.      Mass Matrix M:      M =   [ M  0  0  0  0 ]   [ 0  M  0  0  0 ]   [ 0  0  M  0  0 ]   [ 0  0 …

1.Differentiate Static analysis and Dynamic analysis with proper representing pictures  Static analysis and dynamic analysis are two fundamental approaches used in structural engineering to study the behavior of structures under different conditions. Time Dependency: Static Analysis: Static analysis is concerned with studying…

Q 1:What is the mode of failure or damage of the beams in the figure above? Are the damages repairable? Elaborate    1(a) Observation: In the presented image, it is evident that the concrete within the beam has suffered significant damage and has become compromised, with the reinforcement bars now visible at the lower…

Classify the sections according to Class and calculate effective widths for the beams To classify the sections according to the Class (Class 1, Class 2, or Class 3) and calculate effective widths for the beams, we'll use the given cross-sectional details for each section: BD, DE, and EG. Classifications are based on IS…

To perform the structural analysis and design of a steel truss bridge, we will follow a step-by-step approach.  Step 1: Bridge Geometry and Loading We need to define the geometry of the bridge, including the span length, truss type, and member dimensions. For the loading, we'll consider: Dead Load (DL): The self-weight…

Prepare a model of 3 x 25m prestressed I-girder superstructure for metro viaduct in STAAD by creating the nodes, beams, and supports along with necessary loads.  Staad Model Dead Load reaction Maximum Y = 490.687 kN  ,    Minimum Y = 434.655                    Y= 51 T     Rotation = 0.004 rad SIDL reaction Maximum Y =…

All representation are as shown above. The general steps involved in analyzing and designing the bridge: Gather Information: Collect all above information about the bridge, including its span arrangement, dimensions, and material properties. Obtain information about the live loads (LL) and dead loads (DL) that will be…

1.Describe the DL & SIDL considerations for an open foundation. Designing a solid foundation for any structure, whether it's a building, bridge, or viaduct, requires careful consideration of Dead Load (DL) and Superimposed Dead Load (SIDL) factors. An open foundation refers to foundations that are not enclosed by walls…

Briefly describe about soil structure interaction in a pile foundation? Soil-structure interaction in a pile foundation refers to the complex relationship between the piles (structural elements) and the surrounding soil in which they are embedded. This interaction plays a crucial role in the stability and performance of…

Explain how the pile caps should be designed considering the tilt and shift conditions and mention advantages of the same? Pile caps are structural elements that distribute loads from columns or other vertical members to a group of piles or foundation elements. When designing pile caps, it's essential to consider various…

1.What are piers and explain about. Explain loads considered for calculating the total design force? Piers are structural elements typically used in construction to support loads from a bridge, building, or other elevated structure. They are vertical or near-vertical columns or posts that transfer the weight of the structure…

1. Explain the dead load calculations of a pier cap and a circular pier? Provide the values in KN/m. Given Data: Length=30m Volume of Pier cap=35 m^3 Diameter of the pier = 2m Concrete density = 25KN/m^3 To calculate the dead load of a pier cap and a circular pier, we need to determine the weight of the concrete used for…

What are Pier caps and explain the operations of launching of pier caps Pier caps are structural components used in civil engineering and construction projects, particularly in the construction of bridges and elevated structures like piers and columns. They serve several important functions: Load Distribution: Pier caps…

1) Mention the need for a metro rail in a developing economy. 'Metro Rail' is a commuter-friendly transport providing the traveling public with a fast, safer, reliable, comfortable, pollution-free, affordable, convenient, and eco-friendly service. The high-capacity Metro Rail System would reduce the ever-increasing traffic…

1. What is elastomeric bearings? And what is made of and the uses of them. Elastomeric bearings are a type of structural support element used in various engineering and construction applications. They are designed to provide flexibility and absorb dynamic loads, vibrations, and movements between different parts of a structure,…

1.Explain the procedure of transverse analysis of deck slab of a metro viaduct. Transverse analysis of a deck slab in a metro viaduct involves evaluating the structural integrity and performance of the horizontal slab that forms the top surface of the viaduct. This analysis is crucial to ensure the safety, durability,…

Objective:To investigate the given site condition of the proposed bridge construction and to choose the more suitable bridge form superstructure. To model the form in LUSAS with all given loadings of train & shown imposed loads.   Calculation of total horizontal length required for the bridge to connect two abutements:…

1) What is a pre stressed I girder? Why should a designer choose I girders when we are having double deck bridges and substantiate your answer with structural clearances? A pre stressed I girder is a type of structural member commonly used in bridge construction. It consists of steel or concrete beam in the shape of an…

1)What are the sectional properties we need upfront for designing a metro viaduct? What is the supporting software for identifying the sectional properties and designing them? Designing a metro viaduct involves a detailed structural analysis to ensure the safety, stability, and functionality of the structure. Sectional…

1) Bridges are complex engineering structures designed to span physical obstacles like rivers, valleys, or roads, providing a pathway for vehicles, pedestrians, or other forms of transportation. They consist of three main structural components: the foundation, substructure, and superstructure. Each of these components…

Given dimensions: Span length (L): 20 m Width of box girder (b): 11 m Depth of girder (h): 2.75 m Thickness of bottom flange (t_bottom): 0.50 m Thickness of top flange (t_top): 0.25 m Thickness of top haunch (t_haunch): 0.45 m Density of concrete (ρ_concrete): 2400 kg/m³ Calculate the self-weight of the girder: Calculate…

Project 2: Step 1: Loads on the Abutment For the loads on the abutment, We would need to consider dead loads, live loads, superimposed dead loads, and any other relevant loads. Since We've mentioned using IRC 6, follow the load combinations and factors provided in the code to calculate the design loads. Step 2: Live Load…

Introduction This design note pertains to the design of abutment with elastomeric bearing. Structural skew angle is 0o The substructure consists of RCC wall type abutment and circular type on pile foundation. Following components of substructure and foundation are designed. Loads 1.Dead load (Due to self weight of superstructure,…

Assume concrete grade to be M 35  and design the section. Sbc for pier well – 80 tonn/ m2 . decide depth of foundation as per design   1) Difference in active and passive earth pressure: Active Earth Pressure- (when wall moves away from from fill)-Active state is developed when the wall moves away from the back fill.The…

1) The design of well foundations for bridges and other structures involves various checks to ensure stability and safety. The specific clauses from the Indian Road Congress (IRC) code applicable to well foundation design can vary depending on the type of structure, soil conditions, and other factors. Here are some of…

Given Data:- Linear waterway = 90 m Design discharge = 700 cumec Silt factor = 1 HFL = 3 m (from the ground) The velocity of water = 1.2 m/sec. Top road level = 100 m Ground Level = 93.5 m Diameter of Pile = 1.2 m Vertical capacity = 250 tonnes Horizontal capacity = 35 tonnes Well Diameter = 8 m Capacity = 70 tonnes. Well…

1. Calculate the loads as per IRC 6 assuming a bridge in Bangalore on the pile group of the below given bridge for the abutment.(ignore temperature and wind) Load Calculation:- All the loads acting on the abutment as per IRC 6 need to be determined for a single span. cross-sectional area of the section at support - 7.901…

1) Designing the number of piles and their depths for deep foundations in a flyover involves considering various loads, combinations, and factors to ensure the structural integrity and safety of the structure. The Indian Road Congress (IRC) guidelines, particularly IRC 6, provide guidance on the design of bridges and other…

Designing a raft foundation for a box bridge in STAAD Pro involves several steps including analyzing the structure, determining loads, designing the foundation, and optimizing the size. Step 1: Geometry and Loads First, we need to model the geometry of the box bridge in STAAD Pro. Based on the given description, the bridge…

To solve these structural analysis problems, we will use basic principles of structural mechanics: Given information: Portal beam length: 4m Portal beam cross-section: 300mm x 600mm (depth) Portal columns height: 3m Portal column cross-section: 300mm x 300mm Load at each bearing: 75 kN Bearing locations: 1m from either…

1) A metro rail system is often considered beneficial for countries with developing economies for several reasons: Congestion Relief: Developing economies often experience rapid urbanization and population growth, leading to increased traffic congestion. A metro rail system can help alleviate this congestion by providing…

To Analyze and design the raft foundation by applying earth pressure, self-weight, surcharge loading and 70R vehicle loading and calculating bending moment, shear force & deflection through staad. pro as well as by manual calculation also. So first of all the Vehicular underpass is modelled as a portal frame structure…

1. Basic design data:- 1.1 Span and Cross-section Data C/C of expansion gap (Left Span) = 13.30 m (Sq.) C/C of bearing (Left Span) = 12.30 m (Sq.) Girder overhang beyond bearing (Left Span) = 0.35 m (Sq.) Distance of bearing to expansion gap (Left span) = 0.5 m (Sq.) C/C of expansion gap (Right Span) = 13.30 m (Sq.) C/C…

Solution: This project is about the design of the abutment. The Superstructure consists of an RCC beam of 14.4 m span supported on the elastomeric bearing. The substructure consists of an abutment on the open foundation. open foundation design involves the steps of Design data, load calculations, load combination, design…

The Calculations of  the water current forces, centrifugal forces, wave forces, snow loads, temperature loads, and Barge Impact load for the bridge structure are as below: 1. Water Current Load Calculation: Maximum Velocity = SQRT(2) X Mean velocity of the river              …

a) The bridge design and construction, hydrology and geotechnical studies play a crucial role in determining the appropriate span length and type of bridge. These studies provide essential information about the water flow characteristics, soil properties, and geological conditions at the proposed bridge location. The Indian…

The loads to be considered for abutment design according to IRC 6 (Indian Road Congress): Dead Load (DL): Self-weight of the abutment components, including the stem, heel, toe, and any other permanent parts. Permanent loads due to utilities, railings, etc.     2. Live Load (LL): IRC classifies vehicles into various classes,…

I). Different types of foundations used in bridges include spread footings, pile foundations, caisson foundations, and pier/abutment foundations. Spread Footings: Spread footings are shallow foundations that distribute the load of the bridge superstructure over a larger area of soil. They are typically used for smaller…

Given Data: Dead weight tonnage of Panamax vessel: 52,500 DWT Maximum number of containers: 4,500 Weight of each container: 6.1 TEU Speed of the barge: 60 km/hr Span of the bridge: 12 m Width of the bridge: 7 m Size of the piers: 2.5 m x 2.5 m Rise of the bridge: 5 m Hydrodynamic coefficient: 1.25 To calculate the Barge…

To calculate the temperature load for the RC bridge in Delhi as per the Indian Road Congress (IRC) guidelines, we need to consider the IRC specifications for thermal expansion. The IRC recommends a temperature gradient of 35°C for calculating the temperature load. Given: Span of the bridge (L) = 9 m Box girder dimensions:…

To calculate the snow load accumulated on the bridge according to the Indian Road Congress (IRC) code, we need to consider the design parameters specified in the code. The IRC code provides guidelines for determining the snow load on structures in India. The snow load on a bridge is calculated using the following formula:…

To calculate the wave load on the bridge superstructure, we will use the wave load equation: W = (Cva * r * H) * (1 - Cr) Where: W = Wave load on the bridge superstructure Cva = Vertical wave coefficient r = Horizontal wave coefficient H = Maximum crest elevation Cr = Reflection coefficient Given values: Maximum crest…

To calculate the centrifugal load as per IRC-6 and IRC-21 for the given load data, consider the formula C = WV^2 / (127 * R) as per the Indian Road Congress (IRC) codes. Step 1: Calculate the centrifugal load as per IRC-6: IRC-6 provides guidelines for calculating the centrifugal load due to the dynamic effect of moving…

To calculate the water current forces on the bridge, we need to consider the hydrodynamic pressure exerted by the flowing water. The hydrodynamic pressure depends on the velocity of the water and the area exposed to the flow. To calculate the water current forces on the bridge as per IRC 6, we will use the formula: P =…

To calculate the dead load, IRS live loads, earth pressure load, wind load, and seismic loads for the bridge structure at the Ahmedabad Metro rail project we have to refer to the given drawing and accordingly calculations are as follows: Dead Load: Assuming a reinforced concrete bridge deck and superstructure, we'll calculate…

To calculate the pipe loads for the bridge, we need to consider the weight of the pipes and the water flowing through them. 1. Weight of 700mm diameter NB DI pipe: The weight of the pipe can be calculated using the formula: Weight = Volume x Density where, Volume = π/4 x (D^2 - d^2) x L D = 700mm (outer diameter) d…

To calculate the design wind loads for the bridge in Mumbai, we need to follow the guidelines provided in the Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design Loads (IS 875 Part 3)- Determine the basic wind speed: The basic wind speed for Mumbai can be obtained from the IS 875 Part 3 code. As per the code, the basic wind speed…

To calculate the earth pressure acting on the abutment wall, we need to know the properties of the backfill soil, such as the angle of internal friction (φ) and the unit weight (γ). Additionally, the method of analysis, such as Rankine's theory or Coulomb's theory, needs to be selected. Once the earth pressure…

Here are the general steps involved in designing and analyzing a bridge using the information  provided: Determine the design parameters: The design parameters for a bridge include the span, pier height, pier spacing, deck width, and the type of girder to be used. In this case, we have a span of 25m, a pier height…

Given Data: Width of the bridge deck is 7m ,  Span of the bridge is 24m, Pier size is 2 m diameter, The seismic zone is Zone III, Wind speed is 42 km/hr, Unit weight of soil is 18 kN/m3    Solution:  We have modeled bridge in the stadd pro and then applied supports, properties, and Loading according…

Given Data: The width of the bridge deck is 10.2m. The span of the bridge is 12m. Pier size is 2.5 m. diameter The seismic zone is Zone IV. Wind speed is 47 km/hr. Unit weight of soil is 19 kN/m3   Solution: a) Self-weight of the deck slab= width x thickness x unit wt.                                             = 10.2…