Week 7 - Auto ignition using Cantera

Aim: For the given model, check and solve all geometrical errors and Assign appropriate PIDs. Perform meshing with the suitable Target length and element Quality criteria. Target lengths for the different parts of a model are as follow: Body - 3 mm Lights - 1 mm Wheels - 2 mm Door glass - 2 mm Front glass - 1 mm Back…

Aim: For the given models, check for the geometrical errors and delete surfaces which are unwanted for Surface wrap as shown in the videos. After clearing geometry, Merge all 3 models and perform surface wrap. Target length for Wrap = 3 mm Setup: Import the each geometry individually Do the topo clean up for each geometry…

Aim: For the given model, check and solve all geometrical errors on half portion and Assign appropriate PIDs. Perform meshing with the given Target length and element Quality criteria. After meshing the half model, Do symmetry to the other side. Target lengths for the different parts of a model are as follow: Body - 3…

Aim: For the given model, check for the geometrical errors to make appropriate volumes. Create and assign PIDs as shown in the video. Perform surface mesh with the given target lengths as per PIDs. Blade stage-1 = 1 mm Blade stage-2 = 1 mm Impeller = 2 mm Shaft rotor = 1 mm Turbo casing = 5 mm Compressor casing = 5 mm…

Aim: For the given model, check for the geometrical errors and perform Topology cleanup accordingly. Set three different target lengths as three different cases and mesh the model.  Target length = 1mm, 3 mm and 5 mm (i.e. 3 cases) Element type = Tria Topo: This module is having a set of tools which helps to clear…

Aim: To perform a combustion simulation on the combustor model and plot the variation of the mass fraction of the different species in the simulation using line probes at different locations of the combustor. Combustion:  Combustion is a chemical process in which a substance reacts rapidly with oxygen and gives…

Aim: To perform a parametric study on the gate valve simulation by setting the opening from 10% to 80%. Gate valve: A gate valve, also known as a sluice valve, is a valve that opens by lifting a barrier (gate) out of the path of the fluid. Gate valves require very little space along the pipe…

Aim: To perform analysis on cyclone separator and calculate the separation efficiency and pressure drop. Cyclone separation: Cyclone separation is a method of removing particulates from an air, gas or liquid stream, without the use of filters, through vortex separation. When removing…

Objective: The aim is to perform the simulation on graphics card to analyse the conjugate heat transfer (CHT). Conjugate Heat Transfer: It is mathematically stated problem, describes the heat transfer between a body and a fluid flowing over or inside it as a result of the interaction of two objects. The physical processes…

Objectives: What are some practical CFD models that have been based on the mathematical analysis of Rayleigh Taylor waves? In your own words, explain how these mathematical models have been adapted for CFD calculations. Perform the Rayleigh Taylor instability simulation for 2 different mesh sizes with the base mesh being…

Objective: The aim is to perform the simulation on exhaust port to analyse the conjugate heat transfer (CHT). Conjugate Heat Transfer: It is mathematically stated problem, describes the heat transfer between a body and a fluid flowing over or inside it as a result of the interaction of two objects. The physical processes…

Objective: The aim is to simulate the flow externally over the Ahmed body to determine the aerodynamic forces. Ahmed body and it’s importance: The Ahmed Body was first created by S.R. Ahmed in his research “Some Salient Features of the Time-Averaged Ground Vehicle Wake” in 1984. Since then,…

Objective: The aim is to simulate the flow over a cylinder and explain the phenomenon of Karman vortex street. PART-I Simulate the flow with the steady and unsteady case and calculate the Strouhal Number for Re= 100.  PART-II Calculate the coefficient of drag and lift over a cylinder by setting the Reynolds number…

Objective: The aim is to that we have created two versions of the mixing tee. One of them is longer than the other. The job is to set up steady-state simulations to compare the mixing effectiveness when hot inlet temperature is 360C & the Cold inlet is at 190C.  Use the k-epsilon and k-omega SST model for the…

Objective: The aim is to find the sensitivity with respect to the temperature from the GRI mechanism by taking all the reaction and calculates 10 most sensitive reactions. Theory: Sensitivity analysis is the study of change of dependent variable with respect to the independent variable. Sensitivity = ∂y/∂x…

Objective: The aim is to simulate auto ignition using cantera for the fuel(methane) as per the given conditions. Auto ignition temperature: The auto ignition temperature or kindling point of a substance is the lowest temperature in which it spontaneously ignites in a normal atmosphere without an external…

Objective: The aim is to solve the solution for the given different non-linear system equation by using backward difference in the Newton Raphson solver. The reason calling the given system of equations as non-linear is because of each one separately having an unknown variable. The conditions to solve the solution is to…

Stability: In mathematics, when the condition slightly gets a disturbance in the system doesn’t produce too disrupting effect on that system. In terms of the solution of a differential equation, a function f(x) is said to be stable if any other solution of the equation that starts out sufficiently close to it when…

Aim: The objective of this challenge is need to derive the reaction rate ODEs & production of each species for the given reaction mechanism. Solution: First, need to start from finding how much of species is available in the given reaction mechanism. Here, there is 4 reactions are given. So,   Reactions (i): The…

1. Effect of preheating temperature on AFT: Code: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import cantera as ct import numpy as np gas = ct.Solution('gri30.cti') # Fuel(CH4) C = ct.Quantity(gas) C.TPX = 298.15,ct.one_atm,{'CH4':1} C.moles = 1 # Initializing given pre heating air temperature range T_pre = np.linspace(298,600,50)…

Answer: 1. Calculate the number of moles using Moles method: Simple way to calculate the number of moles of the species is just consider the balanced stoichiometric combustion reaction. Here, I consider the methane combustion stoichiometric reaction CH4 + 2(O2 + 3.76N2) → CO2 + 2H2O + 7.52N2 Then, look for the number…

Adiabatic flame temperature: Final temperature is obtained after the fuel is completely burned There are 2 types of AFT. They are Constant volume Constant pressure When the fuel air mixture takes in constant volume, it increases the internal energy. When the same thing happens in constant pressure, it increases enthalpy.…

Hydrodynamic entrance: The hydrodynamic entrance region refers to the area of a pipe where fluid entering a pipe develops a velocity profile due to viscous forces propagating from the interior wall of a pipe. This region is characterized by a non-uniform flow. The fluid enters a pipe at a uniform velocity, then…

Hydrodynamic entrance: The hydrodynamic entrance region refers to the area of a pipe where fluid entering a pipe develops a velocity profile due to viscous forces propagating from the interior wall of a pipe. This region is characterized by a non-uniform flow. The fluid enters a pipe at a uniform velocity, then…

Finite volume method: This is a method for representing and evaluating partial differential equations in the form of algebraic equations. In this method, volume integrals in a partial differential equation that contain a divergence term are converted to surface integrals, using the divergence…

Objective: The aim is to simulate an incompressible laminar viscous flow through the backward facing step geometry. Incompressible-Laminar-Viscous flow: Incompressible flow: Flow has a constant density i.e., doesn’t mean there is no change in density in the flow. Flow has a minimal change in density which is in neglectable…

Objective: The aim is to simulate the isentropic flow through a quasi 1D subsonic-supersonic nozzle and converge the solution for both conservative & non-conservative forms of governing equation using MacCromack’s technique. Theory: Generally, Nozzle & pipe is working based on the principle of Bernoulli’s…

Objective: The aim is to solve the 2D heat conduction equation by using the point iterative techniques. Given:  Boundary conditions Top Boundary = 600 K Bottom Boundary = 900 K Left Boundary = 400 K Right Boundary = 800 K Error criteria is 1e-4 Iteration methods to implement 1. Jacobi 2. Gauss-seidel 3. Successive…

Objective: The aim is to evaluate the second-order derivative of the analytical function exp(x)*cos(x) and compare it with the 3 numerical approximations that you have derived. Derivation for fourth order approximation of the second order derivative: Central difference: This method is nothing but gathering…

Objective: The aim is to write a program by parse the NASA thermodynamic data file in a code and find the following stuffs. Write a function that extracts the 14 coefficients and calculates the enthalpy, entropy and specific heats for all the species in the data file. Calculate the molecular weight of each species and display…

Objective: The aim is to obtain a code in MATLAB to optimise the stalagmite function and find the global maxima of the function. Theory of ga: Genetic algorithm is a search algorithm based on the mechanics of natural selection and natural genetics. They combine the survival of the fittest among string structures with…

Objective: The aim is to obtain the animation plot of the pendulum by programming using Matlab. Code: clear all close all clc %inputs b = 0.05; g = 9.81; l = 1; m = 0.1; % initial condition theta_0 = [0;5]; % time points t_span = linspace(0,10,500); % solve ODE [t,results] = ode45(@(t,theta) ode_func(t,theta,b,g,l,m),t_span,theta_0);…