Week 3 - Solving second order ODEs

Aim: To simulate flow insidde a throttle body. Take away: By the end of this article, one will be able to, Import CAD file of .STL format into Converge Studio. Assign boundary flagging. Set up the case. Export the necessary output files. Run the simulation using Cygwin. Post process the results using Paraview. ==============================================================================…

Aim: To simulate flow insidde a throttle body. Take away: By the end of this article, one will be able to, Import CAD file of .STL format into Converge Studio. Assign boundary flagging. Set up the case. Export the necessary output files. Run the simulation using Cygwin. Post process the results using Paraview. ==============================================================================…

Aim: To understand the flow physics involved in classic case of "Backward Facing Step". Take away:  After reading this article, one will be able to, Know what is Backward Facing Step and flow physics involved. Export the geometry. Setup boundaries. Setup the case to replicate the required flow phenomena. Post-process…

Aim: To carry out a channel flow simulation using CONVERGE. Take away:  By the end of this article, one will be able to, Create a simple geometry of channel. Setup an entire case. Export all the input files required to run a simulation. Post process the data using PARAVIEW. Plot line data in CONVERGE Line plotting…

Aim: To understand what is sound and how it is generated due to intricate flows around a given body inside a domain. Take away: By the end of this article one will be able to comprehend, 1. What is sound and how it is generated. 2. What are the models at disposal for calculating the source of noise. 3. Simulate flow…

Aim: To compare the results of turbomachinery component with Moving Reference Frame Approach and Moving Mesh Approach. Take Away: By the end of this article, one will be able to, Compare the results for both the approaches. Simulate the study with the help of two approaches. Plot the results and contours for better data…

Aim: To model moving zones for rotary equipments. To apply and understand different types of moving zones approach.  Take away: After reading this article, one will be able to, Differentiate and apply different methods of moving zones to appropriate application. Apply moving reference frame approach to a particular…

Aim: To perform flow simulation over an airfoil with different angles of attack. Plot the coefficient of drag and lift. Angles of attack are: 5,10 and 15 degree. All these angle of attacks are to be performed for both subsonic and supersonic regimes.  Take away: After reading this article, one will be able to, Set…

Aim: To understand what is turbulence and how it can be modelled mathematically. Why it is not feasible to perform DNS simulation for complex and high reynolds number problems. What are the alternative techniques to tackle such problem.  Take away: After reading this article one will be able to, Understand the logic…

Aim: To understand how Pitot-Static Tube works. Simulate the case on Ansys Fluent and match the velocity. Take Away: By the end of the article one would be able to, Know the physics behinde the pitot-static tube. Simulate, plot the resultsand contours and draw some conclusion. ===============================================================================…

Aim:  To perform CFD analysis on Converging Diverging Nozzle. Plot variation of velocity, temperature and pressure along the length of the nozzle. Plot the variation of Mach Number along the length of the nozzle and identify at what distance from the inlet it becomes Supersonic. Understand the variation of change…

Aim: Check and solve all the geometries. Assign proper PIDs. Perform meshing with suitable target length and element quality. Take away: One will be able to clean up the CAD using different tools. Assign PIDs. Mesh with appropriate mesh length. ==============================================================================…

Aim:  To understand the concept of SURFACE WRAP. Take away:  Cleaning up the geometry. Using tool - MERGE. Using tool - SURFACE WRAP. ============================================================================== Geometries before clean up: 1) Engine: There are lots of unwanted regions. This unwanted regions…

Aim:  To clean the geometry. Mesh the components part by part. Eliminate off elements present in the mesh. Take away: At the end of this article one will be able to, Use different tools to clean the geometry. Understand the quality criteria assigned to each and every PID. How to tackle the off elements if present…

Aim: The goal here is to refine the geometry and perform surface and volume mesh. Take Away: By the end of this article you will be familier with, Exploring different option to refine the geometry (fill hole, new faces, creating hot points etc). Meshing each component individually for refined and mesh where ever necessary.…

Aim: To perform topology clean up and mesh the geometry with three different mesh length elements. Take away: By the end of the discussion one will be able to, Get familier with different tools to clean the geometry. Use different size mehs elements and figure out which is better for capturing the physics. ===============================================================================…

Problem Statement: Try to understand the concept of genetic algorithm. Q. Whats is genetic algorithm? The genetic algorithm is a method for solving both constrained and unconstrained optimization problems that is based on natural selection, the process that drives biological evolution. The genetic algorithm repeatedly…

Problem Statement: Use ode45 function to solve second order differential equation and simulate transient behaviour of a simple pendulem. Formula: `(d^2theta)/dt^2 + (b/m)((d theta)/dt) + (g/L)sin(theta) = 0`   g = gravity in m/s2, L = length of the pendulum in m, m = mass of the ball in kg, b=damping coefficient.…

Problem Statement: Write a program in Matlab to simulate the forward kinematics of a 2R Robotic Arm, as shown in the video.  Code: % To write a program for Forward Kinematics of a Robotic arm l1 = 1; l2 = 0.5; theta1 = linspace(0,90,10); theta2 = linspace(0,90,10); x0 = 0; y0 = 0; ct = 1; for i = 1:length(theta1)…

Project Topic: Flow visualization inside Tundish geometry using Tracer injection. Obejective: To visualize the flow of tracer inside the domain and plot the Residence Time Distributon Curve (RTD) of tracer ath the outlet. Significance: In many metellurgical industries, there is requirement of fine metal for better and…

Aim: To carry out combustion simulation and observe the changes with addition of water in the combustion.   Theory: Combustion usually takes place with the ignition of fuel in presence of air. This is global reaction. There are intermediate reactions taking place. If we know the rate of forward and reverse reaction…

Aim: To understand the flow through the valve and calculate the flow parameters required to estimate the difference in valve lift. Objective: To simulate gate valve. Estimate flow parameters. To carry out PARAMETRIC STUDY. ============================================================================== Gate Valve: Gate valves…

Aim: To perform a simulation on cyclone separator and understand how particles are separated. Objective:  To carry out a CFD simulation on cyclone separator. Effect of different particle size seperation efficiency with constant velocity. Effect of different velocities on same particle size separation efficiency. Understand…

Aim: To understand the concept of Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) Analysis. Objective: To perform a CHT analysis in Graphics Card and to monitor the effect of velocity (Reynolds Number) on the heat transfer. =============================================================================== Heat Transfer Coefficient: Empiricle…

Aim: The aim is to understand the Rayleigh Taylor Instability phenomena and how it takes place. =============================================================================== Q1. What is Rayleigh Taylor Instability and list some CFD models that have been based on the mathematical analysis of Rayleigh Taylor…

Aim: To understand the concept of Conjugate Heat Transfer and its applictions in the industry. =============================================================================== Q1. Give a brief description of why and where a CHT analysis is used. Conjugate heat transfer (CHT) analysis can accurately predict heat transfer…

For this challenge, you will have to provide answers to the following questions: Q1. Describe Ahmed's body and its importance. Q2. Explain the reason for the negative pressure in the wake region.  Q3. Explain the significance of the point of separation.  Expected Results: 1. Velocity and pressure contours.  2. The drag…

Aim: To simulate flow over cylinder for different cases. PART 1:   Simulate the flow with the steady and unsteady case and calculate the Strouhal Number for Re= 100.  PART 2:  Calculate the coefficient of drag and lift over a cylinder by setting the Reynolds number to 10,100,1000,10000 & 100000. (Run…

Problem Statement: Campare the mixing effectiveness for: a) For different velocity inlets and short mixing tee configuration. b) For different velocity inlets and long mixing tee configuration.   Challenge:  Comapre which turbulence model is better in agreement with the analytical results with reason. Case 1 …

Problem Statement: Validate Hydro-dynamic length with the numerical result. Validate the fully developed flow velocity profile with its analytical profile. Validate maximum velocity and pressured drop for fully developed flow. Post-process Shear stress and validate wall shear stress for fully developed flow. Highligh the…

Problem Statement: Simulate flow through circular pipe and validate the results with Hagen Poiseuille equations (Hegen Poiseuille Law). Given Condition: The flow is considered to be laminar. The value for Reynolds Number is considered to be 2100. In order for flow to be laminar Re < 2400. To save computational time,…

Finite volume method is a technique of discritizing the partial differential equations in to algebriac equations. In FVM, PDEs that contain divergence term are converted to surface integrals using divergence theorem. Then these values are calculated as fluxes at surface of each finite volume. Essentially in the Finite…

===============================================================================   OpenFOAM Structure: Every OpenFOAM case has atleast these 3 files; 0 , constant, system. 0 folder: This folder contains all the initial condition values of the flow field. One can apply boundary conditions with respect to varying problem…

Aim: The aim of this project is to understand the concept of CFD and apply it to a physical problem, get a hands on experience of coding such a problem statement. Problem Statement: In this particular project, we have performed 1D simulation of subsonic-supersonic isentropic nozzle flow using Macormack technique. Objective:…

%% ========== IMPLICIT SCHEME USING JACOBI METHOD ========== %% % Solving 2D Heat Conduction Problem using Jacobi Method (Steady) % Equation = d^2T/dx^2 + d^2T/dy^2 % Top Boundary = 600 K % Bottom Boundary = 900 K % Left Boundary = 400 K % Right Boundary = 800 K function T = jacobi(nx,ny) % Input values % value for nx…

%%---- CENTRAL SCHEME ----%%   % Function for 4th ORDER APPROX OF 2nd ORDER DERIVATIVE % function = exp(x)*cos(x) % analytical_derivative = - exp(x)*sin(x) + exp(x)*cos(x) % CODE function output = four_two_central(x,dx) % central % For central scheme coefficient calculation a1 =[1 1 1 1 1; -2 -1 0 1 2; 2 1/2 0 1/2…