Central difference Numerical stencil 2nd order derivative for 4th order accuracy by central difference:- (x-2Δx),(x-Δx),x,(x+Δx),(x+2Δx) Now computing(2x)/(x2):- (2x)/(x2)=a.f(x-2Δx)+b.f(x-Δx)+c.f(x)+d.f(x+Δx)+e.f(x+2Δx)   Now making the taylor table:- (2x)/(x2) f(x)…

INTRODUCTION: The following assignment is solved by navier stokes equation in both conservative and non-conservative form   Governing Equations in Non-Conservation Form: Continuity Equation: where ρ is the density of the liquid, A is the Area of Cross-Section, V is the Velocity of the liquid, delta t is the time…

We make the assumptions as there is  no convection, no  internal heat generation  and no change of temperature gradient with respect to time, therefore the generalised energy equation in 2D becomes as: ∂2T∂x2+∂2T∂y2=0 ∂2T∂x2+∂2T∂y2=0 1. Steady State Solution  …

Objective: The objective of the problem is to produce mesh by using the OpenFOAM software, and to show the changes in post-processing of velocity and pressure gradients by using ParaView open source software for the given conditions.   OpenFOAM: OpenFOAM (for "Open-source Field Operation And Manipulation") is a C++…

Hagen- Poiseuille's Equation Hagen Poiseuille states that for a specified flow rate, the pressure drops and thus the required pumping power is proportional to the length of the pipe and the viscosity of the fluid, but it is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the radius (or diameter) of the pipe. Therefore, the…

Given:   Simulate flow through mixing tee (short and long)  Set up steady-state simulations to compare the mixing effectiveness when hot inlet temperature is 36 degree celsius & the Cold inlet is at 19 degree celsius.  Use the k-epsilon and k-omega SST model for the first case  Based on your result…

Aim: Simulate the flow over a cylinder and explain the phenomenon of Karman vortex street.      Theory:   Flow over a cylinder  Flow over a cylinder is a classical problem for understanding the flow over an obstacle.  Taking example of, potential flow around a circular cylinder, which…

Aim:- External flow simulation over an Ahmed body in Ansys fluent.   Objectives:- To study the Ahmed body as the basis of simulation for external flow over a vehicle. To study the evaluation of Y+ value and its importance for simulation. To pre-process the geometry and mesh for Ahmed body simulation. To refine…

Aim: To run a simulation to analyze Conjugate Heat transfer in Exhaust port.   Objective: To understand why and where a CHT analysis is used. To perform a CHT analysis on exhaust port manifold. To perform the analysis with different mesh sizes and turbulence models and justify results. To show the velocity & temperature…

Aim: To perform a 2-D Rayleigh-Taylor instability simulation at different mesh refinement and at different atwood numbers.   Theory:   Rayleigh - Taylor instability The Rayleigh-Taylor instability occurs when a fluid of low density ⍴l, accelerates a fluid of heavy density ⍴h. It occurs in astrophysics, supernova,…

Aim:  To perform a steady state CHT analysis on a model of a graphics card.   Theory: Conjugate Heat Transfer:   The Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) analysis type allows for the simulation of heat transfer between solid and fluid domains by exchanging thermal energy at the flow interfaces between them. The…

Aim:  To perform steady state analysis on a cyclone separator and calculate the separation efficiency and pressure drop.   Theory:   Cyclone Separator CYCLONES are probably the most widely used dust collecting devices. They are relatively simple and inexpensive to fabricate, operate with moderate pressure…

Aim: To perform a parametric study on the gate valve simulation by setting the valve lift from 10% to 80%.   Introduction:   Gate Valve A gate valve, also known as a sluice valve, is a valve that opens by lifting a gate out of the path of the fluid. Gate valves require very little space along the pipe axis and…

Aim: To perform a combustion simulation on the combustor model at different fuel-water ratio at fuel inlet.  Plot the variation of the mass fraction of the different species in the simulation as well as track NOx and soot formation. Theory: Combustion Combustion is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction…

Converging diverging nozzle   Aim: To simulate the flow inside a converging diverging nozzle. To plot the pressure, temperature and density variation inside the nozzle To plot the variation of Mach number inside the nozzle , and find out at what distance the flow becomes supersonic. Theory:   A convergent-divergent…

Pitot static tube    Aim: Explain about pitot-static tube and also establish a relationship between Total (stagnation) pressure and static pressure. Perform a steady state simulation to calculate the Velocity change along the domain and find the percentage from the given data. Post process and plot the necessary…

Part 1: Explain different turbulence models & why DNS isn’t feasible according to Kolmogorov's scale.   There are two main models are available to model turbulence which are as follows: First Order Models: First-order models assume an analogy between laminar & turbulent flows. They assume that the…

Aim:  setup the domain for analysis of flow over an airfoil at the subsonic and supersonic regimes. Setup simulation for subsonic and supersonic regimes at 5, 10, 15 degree angles of attack.   Creating Mesh   Creating domain: Export NACA0012 coordinates in ICEM CFD Create edges to the airfoil and name the edges respectively…

1)What are the approaches by which you would model moving zones? To model moving zones, two approaches are used, Moving Reference Frame method A Moving Reference Frame (MRF) is a relatively simple, robust, and efficient steady-state, Computational fluid dynamics modelling technique to simulate rotating machinery. For example,…

AIM:To simulate a generic turbomachinery component using the Moving Mesh method in the transient state at 300 rpm using appropriate time steps to understand the flow physics.Generate an animation file for the rotation. THEORY:Moving Mesh Approach:The moving mesh approach is used only for the unsteady phenomenon like,Vortex-induced…

Ahmed body model In the automobile industry, Ahmed Car Body is the standard wind tunnel model that can be used as a validating case, in CFD simulation. Ahmed Body is a generic car-type bluff body with a slant back that has different angles from 0 – 40 degree.  Ahmed body is a generic car body…

Aim: To calculate the most efficient slot-fuel injector and cavity-flame holder for a scramjet in ANSYS Fluent.   Theory: TURBOJET Engine: The turbojet is an airbreathing jet engine typically used in aircraft. It consists of a gas turbine and a propelling nozzle. The gas turbine has an air inlet which…

AIM: To surface meshing on a Pressure valve. Check for the geometrical errors and perform Topology cleanup accordingly.  Set three different target lengths as three different cases and mesh the model.  Target length = 1mm, 3 mm and 5 mm (i.e. 3 cases) Element type = Tria   PROCEDURE: IMPORTED GEOMETRY GEOMETRY ERROR CHECK…

Aim: For the given model, check for the geometrical errors to make appropriate volumes. Create and assign PIDs as shown in the video. Perform surface mesh with the given target lengths as per PIDs. Blade stage-1 = 1 mm Blade stage-2 = 1 mm Impeller = 2 mm Shaft rotor = 1 mm Turbo casing = 5 mm Compressor casing = 5 mm…

AIM : CFD Mesing For BMW car . To learn topology, geometry clean-up, and meshing for BMW car.  Also, perform meshing with the given Target length and elements quality criteria.  After meshing the half model, perform symmetry to the other side. Given Information: Target lengths for the different parts of a model are as…

Aim To merge the Engine, Transmission and Gear Box into a one model. Generating Surface wrap with target length of 3mm around merged model to have a common volume.  Target length for Wrap = 3mm   Introduction The surface wrap is used to create a watertight surface mesh which replicates the exact geometry of model. the…