Using Central differencing method:   The stencil will look like this:  ….(i-2)….(i-1)….(i)….(i+1)…..(i+2) Equation from above stencil:  δu^2/δx^2 =  af(i − 2) + bf(i − 1) + cf(i) + df(i + 1) + ef(i +2) Taylors Table :   f(i) △xf(i)…

Aim: To Simulate the isentropic flow through a Quasi 1D subsonic nozzle by deriving both the conservation and non-conservation forms of the governing equations and solve them by implementing MacCormack's technique using MATLAB. Mac-Cormack‟s technique is a variation of the LaxWendroff Approach in which the latter‟s…

What is the Finite Volume Method? (FVM) The finite volume method is a discretization method that is well suited for the numerical simulation ofvarious types (elliptic, parabolic, or hyperbolic) of conservation laws; it has been extensivelyused in several engineering fields, such as fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer,…

The heat Equation is a PDE that describes how the distribution of quantities like heat changes with time in a solid medium as it flows from higher to lower places. Heat equation: α = diffusivity of medium   Types of heat schemes:  Steady-state condition Transient state condition    Equations used…

Incompressible flow: In fluid mechanics or more generally continuum mechanics, incompressible flow (isochoric flow) refers to a flow in which the material density is constant within a fluid parcel—an infinitesimal volume that moves with the flow velocity.   Laminar Flow: In fluid dynamics, laminar flow…

Symmetry Boundry Condition: The symmetry boundary condition defines a mirror face/surface. It should only be used if the physical object or geometry and the expected flow field pattern of the developed solution are mirrored along that surface. By using this boundary condition, the domain can essentially be halved, reducing…

Introduction To laminar flow in pipe: Laminar flow or streamline flow in pipes (or tubes) occurs when a fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers.  At low velocities, the fluid tends to flow without lateral mixing, and adjacent layers slide past one another like playing cards.…

Introduction: Mixing tee Mixing tees—in which two fluid streams with different physical and/or chemical properties mix—are widely used in the petrochemical industry. When there is a large temperature difference between two streams, large metal temperature fluctuations can occur in the region where the two streams…

Karman Vortex Street: Unsteady effects in air normally occur in cyclic or oscillatory processes, rather than for simple acceleration. For example, cylinders in flowing fluids at Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 105 shed alternating vortices of opposite rotation, which form a “von Kármán vortex…

 Ahmed's body and its importance: The Ahmed body is a generic car body (a simplified vehicle model). The Ahmed Body was first created by S.R. Ahmed in his research “Some Salient Features of the Time-Averaged Ground Vehicle Wake” in 1984. Since then, it has become a benchmark for aerodynamic simulation…

CHT Analysis  The Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) analysis type allows for the simulation of heat transfer between solid and fluid domains by exchanging thermal energy at the interfaces between them. Typical applications of this analysis type exist as, but are not limited to, the simulation…

Types of Instability :          Rayleigh taylor instability : Rayleigh taylor instability  is the interpenetration of materials that occurs whenever a light fluid pushes on a heavy fluid. It is a dynamic process whereby the two fluids seek to reduce their combined potential energy.…

Conjucate Heat Transfer(CHT): Computatiopnal fluid dynamics and more specifically conjugate heat transfer (CHT) analysis can accurately predict heat transfer by simultaneous solving all the relevant solid and flow field heat transfer processes, for example: conduction through solids, free and forced convection in the gases/fluids…

Cyclone sepearator: Cyclone sepeartor is a means of separating different liquid phases (different liquid densities), or, separating particles from a gas stream. Cyclone separators often form part of a pre-cleaning stage prior to a gas or liquid being discharged. This article focuses on the gas cyclone separator.…

Gate Valve: A gate valve controls the medias flow by lifting the gate (open) and lowering the gate (closed). A gate valves distinct feature is the straight-through unobstructed passageway, which induces minimal pressure loss over the valve. The unobstructed bore of a gate valve also allows for a pigs passage in cleaning…

Combustion: Combustion, a chemical reaction between substances, usually including oxygen and usually accompanied by the generation of heat and light in the form of flame. The rate or speed at which the reactants combine is high, in part because of the nature of the…

1. Import the pressure valve into ANSA 2. Geometry check     3) Apply the boundry conditions   Spring   Valve Head   Coloumn   Case 1 : ( 5 mm) Select the mesh module >> perimeters >> length >> 5 mm(macros) Maximum lenght = 7 mm   Minimum length = 3 mm   …

1) Import the CAD model to workspace   2) Geometry checks 3) Fix the errors 4) After reparing  5 ) For meshing A) For turbo casing , compressor and inlet casing cover Select the mesh module >> perimeters >> length >>5 mm in perimeters and in macros Max target lenght = 7 mm  Min Target length…

Aim : For the given models to check for geometrical error and delete surfaces which are unwanted for surface wrap. After clearing geometry , merge all 3 models and perform surface wrap Target length for Wrap = 3 mmWrite a detailed report on steps followed to finish this challenge.   Surface Wrap : The surafce wrap…

Aim :  To clean up and mesh a computational domain for an external flow analysis of a BMW Car.   Methodology: Firstly delete half of the BMW car model and perform topo cleanup to that half as they are symmetric Secondly perform geometry check for single cons, double cons, overlapped surfaces and bad surfaces…

Aim : To clean up and mesh a computational domain for an external flow analysis of a Tesla Cyber Truck.   Methodology: A.Geometry Cleanup Firstly delete half of the tesla model and perform topo cleanup to that half as they are symmetric Secondly perform geometry check for single cons, double cons, overlapped surfaces…

A pitot tube is a flow measurement device used to measure fluid flow velocity. It is widely used to determine the airspeed of an aircraft, water speed of a boat, and to measure liquid, air and gas flow velocities in certain industrial applications.  The basic pitot tube consists of a tube pointing directly into…

A nozzle is a relatively simple device, just a specially shaped tube through which hot gases flow. Ramjets and rockets typically use a fixed convergent section followed by a fixed divergent section for the design of the nozzle. This nozzle configuration is called a convergent-divergent, or CD, nozzle. In a CD…

The ratio of inertia force to viscous force is called as Reynolds number. Laminar flow :  Occur at low Reynolds number  Viscous forces are dominant Characterized by smooth, constant fluid motion.     2. Turbulent flow:    Occurs at a high Reynolds number Inertia forces are dominant. Produce chaotic eddies, vortices, and…

1. What are the approaches by which you would model moving zones? To model the moving zones, two options are available which are moving reference zone & moving mesh approach. The Moving Reference Frame (MRF) approach is a steady-state method employed in industrial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to model problems…

Aim: Simulate the motion of blades in a generic turbomachinery component using an unsteady approach. Objective: Assume blade rotation at 300rpm Choose an appropriate time step for the simulation and generate an animation file for the rotation. Setup: Import the mesh file   General Settings:   Cell Zone Conditions:…

1.Describe Ahmed's body and its importance. Shape of Ahmed body provides a model to study geometrical effects on the wakes of ground vehicles.This is the kind of baseline geometry for automobile bodies.The flow of air arounf ahmed body captures the essential flow features around an automobile and it describe how to calculate…

Aim The major objective of this simulation was to set a simulation over the NACA 2412 aerofoil with different angles of attack(AOA) using Converge CFD and estimating its coefficient of lift and drag.  Introduction: Airfoil is a structure that provides required Lift force and Drag force depending on profile design…

The Scramjet engine design is an extension of the Ramjet. The difference between the two lies in flow state inside the engine. Both are designed to be used for supersonic flight, however a Scramjet allows the flow through the engine to remain supersonic, whereas in a Ramjet the flow is slowed to subsonic levels before…