Ahmed Body Challenge

OBJECTIVE: To write a python program to perform curve fitting for different equations and to determine the best fit.   1. What does popt and pcov mean? popt is an array with the best estimated values for the coefficients in the equation.   For example, for the equation:   at^3+bt^2+ct+d=0    …

OBJECTIVE: To create an ergonomic and visually appealing excel (.xlsm) report that contains the following information about your model: User name, date, time Profile/deck; count of component, prop, material, elements Count of empty comp/prop/mats Elements failed in all qualities or duplicates as discussed before  …

OBJECTIVE: Build a master tcl/tk macro It should contain buttons that will call all utilities created as assignments during this course Segregate the buttons as per their utility. Color code the buttons as you see fit. Display labels that indicate an idea of your segregation The design must look ergonomic and clutter free…

OBJECTIVE: PART 1: Connector : Create a macro that builds a GUI containing 4 buttons.  Component creator, weld, xloc, yloc, zloc. Upon pressing the buttons corresponding 1D element must be created and moved to the desired collector. PART 2 : Reading nodes from a file : Create a macro that asks a .csv file as input…

OBJECTIVE: To create element quality check macro for 2D and 3D elements To create a button for each criteria. On pressing the button the elements should be highlighted using temp nodes. Entry boxes next to the buttons will accept the quality criteria value   PROCEDURE: Firstly, create a GUI for element quality check…

OBJECTIVE: Part A: Create a macro to calculate the midline of a given tubular component Select one end of the lines using line by path Similarly, select the other ends using line by path option Now calculate midline for each pair Combine all these midlines to create a single midline. Part B: Create a macro to create spot…

OBJECTIVE: Create a macro that will reflect the given multicomponent FE part with ease. It should be independent of the deck The only inputs allowed are, original CAD comp, reflected CAD comp and original FE comps. The name of the reflect component should also be taken as input from the user. Also, ask the user to suffix…

OBJECTIVE: To ask the user to enter the name of a component and its thickness To write a code that will automatically create components and assign thickness to it The code should decide on its own what type of collector should be created depending on the user profile/deck. According to the deck, the code should decide,…

OBJECTIVE: PART A: Create a code that displayed free and T edges for displayed elements Free edge colour red and T edge cyan Except for edges, all other components must be made transparent Also, temp nodes must be automatically created for “free nodes” for a tolerance value of 0.01 PART B: Also, create a code…

OBJECTIVE: Create a tk GUI for all the final checks/operations that include: Buttons to delete displayed geometric entities. Buttons to delete empty entities Button to re-order and re-number entities by name A master button in red that will execute all above scripts in proper order to keep only the fea entities. PROCEDURE:…

OBJECTIVE: To write a code to display normal as explained in Lecture 5 To create a widget containing two buttons for “reverse normals” and “normal off” To assign these procedures to keyboard buttons of your choice and also to check the null case.   PROCEDURE:  At first, the view is set…

OBJECTIVE: To perform a Bird Strike in Aero Engine simulation using LS-DYNA. To follow a consistent numbering approach 100000+ for nodes, 500000+ for elements, and 1000+ for the parts and to keep all the other keywords numbered within 10000-19999 while following a range for each one. To create the main file referencing…

OBJECTIVE: To create revolute, spherical, cylindrical and translational joints for LS-DYNA using Ls-PrePost. To demonstrate spherical, revolute, cylindrical, and translational joints between two rigid bodies and two deformable bodies.  RIGID BODY MATERIALS CARD: DEFORMABLE BODY MATERIALS CARD:   CASE 1: REVOLUTE…

OBJECTIVE: To perform a uniaxial tensile loading on the given specimen using the given stress-strain data. To calculate the Mooney Rivlin and Ogden material constants and compare the both using stress-strain data from a Dogbone specimen tensile test with 100 percent strain.  To find out the most suitable hyperelastic…

OBJECTIVE: To extract the data from the given image of the stress-strain curve. To convert the true stress-strain data to effective plastic strain and effective stress. To perform a curve fit to reduce the noise from the data. To perform the uniaxial tensile loading using the given dogbone specimen and to compare it with…

OBJECTIVE: To understand the behaviour and stability of a simulation with and without mass scaling. To compare the effect of mass scaling in LS-DYNA To compare the run time of the same simulation using explicit and implicit methods.  CASE 1: WITH NO CONTROL_TIMESTEP CARD:- NO MASS SCALING:   CASE 2: WITH MASS…

OBJECTIVE: To perform a head impact simulation and to calculate the value of the Head Injury Criterion (HIC)  for three different cases using Ls-Dyna. GIVEN MODELS:   1. Simple_Head_Model   2. PEDESTRIAN_HEADFORM CUT SECTION VIEW OF PEDESTRIAN_HEADFORM 3. Meshed_Hood   CASE 1: THE IMPACT OF THE…

OBJECTIVE: To perform static structural analysis to simulate a sphere pressing on a plate. Use Structural steel for both sphere and plate but the material of the plate must be Non-Linear. Press the sphere onto the plate 4mm downwards and retract it. Capture the plastic deformation.   GIVEN MODEL: MESHING: ELEMENT…

Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis on a graphics card.    1. OBJECTIVE To perform a steady-state conjugate heat transfer analysis on a model of a graphics card.   2. MODEL     3. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Inlet velocity: 6m/s Heat generation:  7.8125e+07 W/m^3 Materials used for the different component:…

1. TYPES OF COMBUSTION SIMULATIONS IN FLUENT  BASED ON MIXING NON-PREMIXED COMBUSTION:    In this type of combustion simulation, the fuel and oxidizer enter the reaction zone in distinct streams. Mixing takes place at the time of combustion. PRE-MIXED COMBUSTION: In this type of combustion simulation, the…

1. GRID DEPENDENCY TEST: A smoother mesh provides smoother and more accurate results. The finer the mesh gets, the easier it gets in visualizing the contours. Mesh refinement increases the closeness of the values to the true values.  Mesh refinement may increase the total number of nodes and elements in the mesh…

PREPROCESSING THE DASHBOARD SUB PARTS FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS USING ANSA   OBJECTIVE: To clean up the geometrical errors in the dashboard sub-part model. To generate mid-surface. To mesh the model under the required quality criteria. To assign thickness to the model. GIVEN MODEL OF THE DASHBOARD SUB-PART:    …

OBJECTIVE: To perform a crash test using the given model of the car and to determine the forces acting on different cross-sections of the car during the impact.  Frontal crash-BIW: Check unit system and either follow[Mg mm s] or [Kg mm ms]. Create an appropriate interface, friction 0.2 and recommended parameters.…

  OBJECTIVE: To perform a side crash test using the given model of car and to determine the forces acting on different cross-sections of the car during the impact.  Neon side crash -BIW Check unit system and either follow [Mg mm s] or [Kg mm ms]. Create an appropriate interface, friction 0.2 and recommended parameters.…

  OBJECTIVE: To perform a roof crash test using the given model of the car and to determine the forces acting on different cross-sections of the car during the impact.      GIVEN MODELS FOR ROOF CRUSH - BIW: • Car • Impactor   PROCEDURE: Import • Car• Impactor Transforms •…

MODELLING THE REAR SUSPENSION ASSEMBLY FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS USING ANSA   OBJECTIVE: To clean up the geometrical errors in the rear suspension assembly model. To extract mid-surface of the components having a thickness less than 5mm. To assign thickness to the mid surfaces. To mesh the model using 2D shell elements…

OBJECTIVE: To check for geometrical errors. To mesh the given component as per the given quality criteria. To assign thickness after meshing. QUALITY CRITERIA: GIVEN COMPONENT: Outer_Extract Latch and Hinge reinforcement_extract Inner_Extract MID-SURFACE EXTRACTION: The mid surface has been extracted using the auto Mid-Surface…

   OBJECTIVE: To create a block of 10mmx10mmx10mm dimension with 10 elements for each direction. To assign the given material card to the part. Run the model for 4 cases. Case 1: ELFORM=1 Case 2: ELFORM=2 Case 3: ELFORM=-1 Case 4: ELFORM=-2 To calculate for the engineering strain, engineering stress and…

OBJECTIVE: To model spotwelds for the given assembly and to perform a crash test. To understand the failure behaviour of the spotwelds modelled using beam and solid elements. To compare the axial and shear force among beam and solid elements. CASE 1: Spotwelds using beam elements. CASE 2: Spotwelds using solid elements.…

  OBJECTIVE: To simulate the crash test of a crash box for different values of thickness. CASE 1 : Thickness=1.2mm CASE 2 : Thickness=1.5mm   CRASH BOX MODEL:       BOUNDARY CONDITIONS:   The crash box should crash into a rigid wall. Material for the crash box is steel. Thickness of the crash…

  CELLPHONE DROP TEST    OBJECTIVE: To familiarize the LS-PrePost interface by performing the drop test of a cell phone model. To create and assign material and section ids to the parts. To create node sets to define the boundary conditions. To setup termination cards and output files. To plot the results…

EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT METHODS IN FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS   OBJECTIVE: To compare the implicit and explicit methods in the finite element analysis. To solve  the equation `u^3+9*u^2+4*u` using impicit and explicit methods. To plot and compare the results of implicit, explicit and exact solutions.   INTRODUCTION:…

  OBJECTIVE: To convert the given values of measurements from one unit system to another. To create a consistent unit system table.  Value of the following measurements are given as follows: MASS: 1kgLENGTH :1mTIME :1sFORCE: 1NSTRESS: 1PaENERGY :1NmDENSITY: 1Kg/m3YOUNG'S Modulus:  210GPaVelocity: 56.33KMPHGRAVITY:…

BASIC MORPHING TECHNIQUES IN ANSA   OBJECTIVE: To practice basic Morphing techniques in ansa To discuss Morphing and its use cases in various industries. MORPHING ANSA encompasses a full – fledged Morphing menu which is completely integrated with ANSA’s interface and doesn’t require any…

REAR DOOR CONNECTIONS   OBJECTIVE: To implement connections on the rear door FE model using ANSA.   GIVEN FE MODEL:     PROCEDURE: Import the FE model using input> NASTRAN.  Create property cards for different components in the assembly. Start connecting the components using RBE2 elements. Create…

3D MESH GENERATION ON THE INTAKE MANIFOLD  MODEL USING ANSA   OBJECTIVE:    To cleanup the geometrical errors. To generate shell elements on the surface of the model. To define volume and to mesh the volume.    QUALITY CRITERIA:   S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average…

3D MESH GENERATION ON THE REAR VIEW MIRROR MODEL    OBJECTIVE: To cleanup the geometrical errors. To generate shell elements on the surface of the model. To define volume and to mesh the volume.    QUALITY CRITERIA:   S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length  …

MID SURFACE EXTRACTION AND MESHING OF SWITCH PANEL AND FLOOR PANEL MODEL USING ANSA    OBJECTIVE:   To check for the geometrical errors and to perform geometry cleanup. To mesh the given component with the required element Quality criteria. To assign thickness after meshing the component.   QUALITY…

OBJECTIVE:To check for the geometrical errors and to perform geometry cleanupTo mesh the given component with the required element Quality criteria. To assign thickness after meshing the component. GIVEN MODEL:QUALITY CRITERIA:1Target/Average length  12Minimum Length .53Maximum Length 34Aspect 35Warpage156Skewness457Jacobian 0.78Minimum…

OBJECTIVE: To perform data analysis on the given file using python. To write a script: To create a data visualizer tool . To check the compatibility of the file. To find area under the PV curve, Power output, Specific Fuel Consumption(SFC)   PROGRAM: import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np import math from…

OBJECTIVE: To write a program to simulate the transient behaviour of a simple pendulum and to create an animation of it\'s motion. EQUATIONS USED:     This ODE represents the equation of motion of a simple pendulum with damping.   g = gravity in m/s2, L = length of the pendulum in m, m = mass of the ball…

OBJECTIVE: To write a program to solve and plot the p-v diagram of otto cycle   Otto cycle: The four main stages involved are: Isentropic Compression Constant Volume Heat Addition Isentropic Expansion Constant Volume Heat Rejection Thermal efficieny =1-(T1/T2)     PROGRAM #Q1 ploting pv diagram for otto…

OBJECTIVE: To simulate a bullet penetrating into a bucket for three different non linear materials for the bucket and analyse their behaviour for the same velocity of bullet. CASE 1: ALUMINIUM ALLOY NL CASE 2: STAINLESS STEEL NL CASE 3: COPPER ALLOY NL   BOUNDARY CONDITIONS: CASE 1: ALUMINIUM ALLOY NL MATERIALS USED…

OBJECTIVE: To perform a parametric study to analyse a frontal impact car crash test using 3 different values of thickness for the car body.   CASE 1: Thickness for the car body =0.3mm CASE 2: Thickness for the car body =0.5mm CASE 3: Thickness for the car body =0.6mm   GIVEN MODEL:   MESHING: MATERIALS…

  OBJECTIVE: To perform an explicit dynamics simulation on the machining operation with using a planer and observe their behaviour at 2 different velocities. Case 1 : Velocity=20000mm/s Case 2 : Velocity=15000mm/s MATERIALS USED:   MESHING:     CASE 1: Velocity=20000mm/s TOTAL DEFORMATION EQUIVALENT…

OBJECTIVE: To perform a transient structural analysis on a worm gear assembly. GIVEN MODEL MODIFIED MODEL   MESHING   CONTACTS DEFINED: REVOLUTE JOINTS:   JOINT LOADS:   ANALYSIS SETTINGS: MATERIALS USED:         RESULTS:   Total Deformation: Equivalent stress: Equivalent strain:…

OBJECTIVE: To perform the tension and torsion test on the given specimen and to find out the total deformation, equivalent stress and temperature of the specime. For the tension test, displace one end of the specimen to 18mm while keeping the other fixed. For the torsion test, you will need to displace one end of the specimen…

OBJECTIVE: To perform a transient analysis on a piston and cam mechanism model and to compare the results obtained from different cases CASE 1: Frictionless contact CASE 2: Frictional contact, coefficient of friction= 0.1 CASE 3: Frictional contact, coefficient of friction= 0.2 GIVEN MODEL: MESHING: CASE 1: Frictionless…

OBJECTIVE: To perform a transient structural analysis on a double universal joint with a spring using three different materials and to  to obtain the Equivalent stress and total deformation for all the three cases and compare them. The three materials  used on the joint with the springs alone are: CASE 1: Structural…

  OBJECTIVE: To simulate the rolling operation on the given model of a copper workpiece using Ansys workbench and to find out the, Equivalent stress for the whole setup Equivalent Plastic strain for the workpiece Directional Deformation in the Z axis for the workpiece Prove that the workpiece has displaced by 90mm.…

  OBJECTIVE: To perform an analysis to simulate the bending of a wire using 3 different types of materials for the wire. The material used for the wire are, CASE 1:  COPPER ALLOY NL CASE 2: ALUMINIUM ALLOY NL CASE 3: MAGNESIUM ALLOY NL   GIVEN MODEL:   MESHING: ELEMENT QUALITY: The minium element quality…

OBJECTIVE: To perform a static structural analysis on the given model of Railwheel and Track setup and to compare the results with two different bearing load conditions. Case 1: Multiply the bearing load by 5 times and compare the results with the load of 100000 N. Compare the Total Deformation, Equivalent stress…

OBJECTIVE: To perform a static structural analysis to simulate three different types of welding using three different weld materials. Weld Material used: Case 1.  Stainless Steel: In this case, the material of the plates must also be the same. Use Stainless steel for both weldments and plates. No need to add flux…

OBJECTIVE: To perform a static structural analysis on the given model of spur gear to find out Equivalent stress, Total deformation, Stress intensity and location for possible fracture for 3 different cases and to compare the results obtained. CASE 1: MATERIAL USED : Cast Iron(ductile)  CASE 2: MATERIAL USED : Cast…

OBJECTIVE: To perform Static structural analysis on a plate with a hole geometry and to determine the maximum deformation and stress developed in the model: Case 1: Plate with a hole. Case 2: Plate with multiple holes.   CASE 1: Plate dimensions: Length=300mmHeight=120mmThickness=30mmCircular Hole at the center:Diameter=60mm…

  1. What is the difference between the contents of Radioss Starter and Radioss Engine file in terms?  RADIOSS STARTER FILE: The starter file contains the model definition. Definitions  like units, material, properties, nodal informations, boundary conditions, interfaces, Load collectors, geometrical informations,…

  OBJECTIVE: To perform a side crash test using the given model of car and to determine the forces acting on different cross sections of the car during the impact.  Neon side crash -BIW Check unit system and either follow [Mg mm s] or [Kg mm ms]. Create appropriate interface ,friction 0.2 and recommended parameters.…

OBJECTIVE: To perform a crash test using the given model of car and to determine the forces acting on different cross sections of the car during the impact.  Frontal crash-BIW: Check unit system and either follow[Mg mm s] or [Kg mm ms]. Create appropriate interface ,friction 0.2 and recommended parameters. Make sure…

1.DIVERGENCE: measure of how a vector field spreading from a point.   2. Gradient: it points the direction of greatest increase of a function. 3.curl: it describes the infinitesimal rotation of a vector field in 3D space.  4. Rank of a matrix: the number of linealy independent rows or columns in the matrix is…

OBJECTIVE:   1. To compare the base setup simulation results and different kinematic condition simulation  results on a crash tube model. CASE 1: Run the crash tube model as it is. CASE 2: Change the Inacti=6 and run. CASE 3: Create the type 11 contact and run. CASE 4: Remove both notches  and remove boundary…

OBJECTIVE: To  understand the applications of different material card images and Johnson Cook failure card by comparing seven different cases using the given rapture plate model. The failure behaviour of the plate is captured from these seven cases and a detailed comparison table is created to understand and study…

1. OBJECTIVE: To run a base simulation on the given file and to compare the simulation results of the base setup and improved shell element properties. 2. GIVEN MODEL:   CASE 1 : WITHOUT MODIFYING SHELL ELEMENT PROPERTIES. The run time is set to 55ms. The number of animation steps during simulation is set to a minimum…

1. To calculate the speed of sound in steel rail.            SPEED OF SOUND IN SOLIDS:        The speed of sound waves depends on the compressibility and inertia of the medium            through which they are travelling.If the medium has the…

OBJECTIVE To perform the geometry cleanup operation on the given 3 files and to extract  and apply mesh to the 2D shell elements under the given criteria.  The given geometries are: Practice  Clip Repair Mounting Bracket   Operations to be carried out:  Clean the geometry. Extract midsurface.…

Solving the steady and unsteady 2D heat conduction problem Boundary conditions for steady and transient case     1. Left:400K     2. Top:600K     3. Right:800K     4. Bottom:900K   METHODS IMPLEMENTED:  1. Jacobi 2. Gauss-seidel 3. Successive over-relaxation   SCHEMES…

  TAYLOR TABLE METHOD AND MATLAB CODE FOR HIGHER ORDER APPROXIMATION USING SKEWED AND SYMMETRIC STENCILS   1. CALCULATIONS   CENTRAL DIFFERENCING SCHEME:   Taylor table for approximation using central differencing scheme:   SKEWED RIGHT SIDE DIFFERENCING SCHEME:   Taylor table for approximation…

  Gate Valve Parametric Study   MODEL OF GATE VALVE:     SECTIONAL VIEW OF THE GATE VALVE:     EXTRACTED FLUID VOLUME:   MESHING:       CASE 1: FOR 5mm LIFT OF THE GATE VALVE DISC   1.1. SECTIONAL VIEW OF THE EXTRACTED FLUID VOLUME: 1.2. RESULTS: 1.2.1. RESIDUALS PLOT:…

1. CYCLONE SEPARATOR  EFFICIENCY EMPIRICAL MODELS   1.1. IOZIA AND LEITH MODEL Iozia and Leith (1990) logistic model is a modified version of Barth (1956) model which is developed based on force balance. The model assumes that a particle carried by the vortex endures the influence of two forces: a centrifugal…

Gearbox Sloshing effect This setup is created to study and analyse the movement of the fluid inside a gearbox. There are two different fluids used for this setup to understand the flow of the fluid on the gears. These fluids are used to lubricate and to reduse the wear and tear of the gear which inturn increases the life…

1. CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS   Conjugate heat transfer(CHT) allows the simulation of the heat transfer between Solid and Fluid domains by exchanging thermal energy at the interfaces  between them. It refers to situations in which multiple modes of heat transfer occur simultaneously. It can accurately predict…

Lifting Mechanism of Bus Stairs using Power Screw   A power screw mechanism has been developed for the lifting of steps in bus so that people can enter without much effort.   Animation:  https://drive.google.com/open?id=1pZKsrgRfuXO-umpr6jqwt_nITlUiynkf  

Modelling a Toy Jeep using SolidWorks   A toy jeep has been modelled using solidworks. The main features used are. Extrude boss/base, Revolved boss/base, swept boss/base, loft boss/base, extruded cut, fillet, linear and circular pattern, Ribs, etc The imajes of the model is shown below.    

    Modelling Audi R8 using SolidWorks.     The model is created by using surface modelling. The major features used are Extrude surface Loft surface Ruled surface Boundary surface Filled  Surface Offset surface, etc The completed model has been show below.  

Motion Analysis of Planetary Gear System       CALCULATION FOR THE PITCH CIRCLE DIAMETER OF THE PLANETARY GEAR   Radius of ring gear(Rr) =radius of sun gear(Rs) + diameter of planetary gear(Dp). Rr=Rs+Dp 115/2=35/2+Dp Dp=(115-35)/2 Dp=40 Pitch Circle Diameter of the planetary gear is 40mm Pitch circle…

##COMMENTS BY GRADER:Hey Paul,Great job on completing the challenge and the report.##1.  AHMED BODY AND ITS IMPORTANCE Ahmed body is a simplified car body.The Ahmed Body was first created by S.R. Ahmed. The shape provides a model to study geometric effects on the wakes of ground vehicles.They are a kind of baseline…

Results for steady state conditions:Residuals Plot:Vertex Average of velocity magnitude as a function of iterations:OBSERVATIONS:It is clear from the graph that the solution has been converged.Cannot find Strouhal number because this is taken in steady state condition.Difficult to find the vertex magnitude at a particular…

 Internal Geneva Mechanism OBJECTIVE:To create 3D models for driver and driven wheels of internal geneva mechanism and to perform motion analysis by rotating the driver wheel at 10 rpm and 20 rpm. ASSEMBLY MODEL:  RESULTS:AT 10 RPM:CONTACT FORCE BETWEEN THE DRIVER AND DRIVEN WHEELS WITHOUT PRECISE…

1,  Practical CFD models that have been based on the mathematical analysis of Rayleigh Taylor waves are:         1. KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ OR RAYLEIGH TAYLOR HYBRID MODEL: This model was used to predict the primary break up of the intact liquid core of the jet and the Raleigh Taylor model determines…

MODELLING:   CRANK: A crank is an arm attached at a right angle to a rotating shaft by which reciprocating motion is imparted to or received from the shaft. It is used to convert circular motion into reciprocating motion, or vice versa. CONNECTING ROD: A connecting rod is a rigid member which connects…

  ENGINE VALVE TRAIN ASSEMBLY: ANIMATION: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1izcY0xTp5SxQRyaiFkZpWhHygAeJ8Pyy   CASE 1 cam lift = 3.5mm. speed = 1500 rpm. material = Cast Carbon Steel. 9000 frames per sec with precise contact. spring stiffness=10N/mm free length of spring=45mm Vertical distance between the central…

1.  AHMED BODY AND ITS IMPORTANCE   Ahmed body is a simplified car body. The Ahmed Body was first created by S.R. Ahmed. The shape provides a model to study geometric effects on the wakes of ground vehicles. They are a kind of baseline geometry for automobile bodies. They have some important practical features…

Results for steady state conditions: Residuals Plot: Vertex Average of velocity magnitude as a function of iterations: OBSERVATIONS: It is clear from the graph that the solution has been converged. Cannot find Strouhal number because this is taken in steady state condition. Difficult to find the vertex magnitude at a particular…

CASE: 1 Conditions: hot inlet velocity(x)=3m/s and temperature 30°C. cold inlet veocity(y)=6m/s and temperature 10°C. Short mixing tee. Momentum ratio of 2. momentum ratio= cold air velocity/hot air velocity. RESULTS OF CASE 1:   Temperature distribution diagram   Velocity distribution diagram CONVERGENCE…

OBJECTIVE   To setup steady state simulations to compare the mixing effectiveness of a mixing tee for three different cases CASE: 1    CONDITIONS: short mixing tee hot air temperature=30°C cold air temperature=10°C momentum ratio =2 hot air velocity =3m/s momentum ratio= cold air velocity/hot…

Initial conditions: specifies the property of the function for at a particular time. (to single out a particular physical solution from the general solution) eg:for equation y\"\'+3y\"-y\'+y=sinx , consider initial condition y(0)=0,y\'(0)=3, y\"(0)=5 where all the conditions are gven at x=0. The PDE goes upto the…

1.kinamatic viscousity=dynamic viscosity/density, unit=m2/s. 2.dynamic viscousity=shear stress*(distance between layers/shear velocity), unit=Ns/m2 3. Peclet number=heat transfer by convection/heat transfer by conduction, =Reynolds          number*prandtl number 4.Nusselt number= hL/k …