Photo Realistic Rendering
DESIGN OF AMERICAN CHOPPER & PHOTO REALISTIC RENDERING
INTRODUCTION
This report explains about the Design of American Chopper using Solidworks 3D Modeling software.It also explains every steps from initial sketch to final rendering using different tools,features etc.
OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this designing is to obtain practicle knowledge in Solid part modeling and surface modeling.
- Get well knowledge in solidworks interface and make custom shortcuts of tools ,tool bar , command manager commands.
- Detail designing of each components of chopper with sketch dimensions.
- Assembly of designed parts with proper relations of all part models.
- Go well with using Decals, Lights, Appearance, Environment, Backplates.
- Obtain Knowledge in Solidworks Visualize and Photoview 360 Rendering tools to make realistic render of the modeled chopper .
PART MODELING
Part modeling is the process of which modeling of a component in 3D by using the 2D Sketch using tools, sketch constraints and features etc.
METHODOLOGY
COMPONENTS TO BE DESIGNED
- Transmission belt
- Kick stand
- Front fender
- Rear fender
- Chain
- Oil tank
- Pedal
- Front wheel
- Rear wheel
- Front fork
- Chassis
- Engine
- Gas tank
TRANSMISSION BELT
Transmission Belt is used to transmit power from one end to another end of pulley.
- Features
1.Boss Extrude - Used to expand the object in 3D according to sketch plane.
2.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges.
- Constraints used
1.Tangent
2.Midpoint
- Tools used
1.Line tool -used to draw straight and tangent arcs.
- Methodology
Use Line and Arc constraints for making a sketch with given dimensions then offset the sketch with offset entities and after getting fully defined sketch make extrude using Boss extrude. Make 1mm Fillet at edges of Transmission belt using fillet tool.
Pic.1
KICKSTAND
Kick stand is a Supporting Mechanism which is used to prevent the chopper lean on ground and makes upright without interfere with a person or object .
- Features
1.Extrude Boss/Base - Used to expand the object in 3D according to sketch plane
2.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges.
3.Lofted Boss/Base - Lofted boss is a feature used to achieve Complex Shapes which basically extruded loft surfaces by means of two lofted profiles along with guided curves direct the path of lofting.
4.Split - Split tool is used to split single solid part into two solid parts
- Constraints used
1.coincident
2.Midpoint
- Tools used
1.Ellipse - Used to make elliptical sketches as per dimension
2.Spline - Spline tool use to make spline curves and complex geometry shapes
3.Center point - It is used to make Rectangle based on center point rectangle.
- Methodology
Create a Ellipse according to vertical and horizontal dimensions after that make a spline in perpendicular plane. With reference of spline and its end point creating another plane for draw another loft profile after sketching by using loft boss/base feature create a loft profile spline as guide curve to make perfect loft needed after that make a dome in the side of stand which is going to lean in ground and finally make a flat surface to lean in ground by using split tool.
Pic.2
FRONT FENDER
Front Fender is a frame structure which is laying over a wheel is used to prevent the mud, liquids ,slippery things will be flown into air while rotating at high speed also it prevents the small stones will be flown over a rider because of acceleration cover a tyre.
- Features used
1.Revolve boss\base – Revolve feature is used to make cylindrical or circular 3D extrude along with a given reference axis as per drawn sketch.
2.Split - Split tool is used to split single solid part into two solid parts. 3.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges.
4.Dome - Dome is a feature used to make dome shaped extrude including elliptical dome.
5 .Extrude Cut - Extrude cut feature used to cut the 3d object in linear path according to sketch
- Constraints used
1.Reference axis for revolve.
- Tools used
1.3point Arc - 3point arc used to draw a arc with make center point as reference point draw an arc.
2.Spline - Spline tool use to make spline curves and complex geometry shapes
3.Extent entities - It is used to extend the end point lines to make closed sketch
4.Trim entities - Trim is used to trim\delete the additional lines in the geometry.
- Methodology
Create a 3 point arc as per dimension with offset and using extend entities to make complete sketch and making a reference axis by means of mid plane and using revolve feature by two direction at specific angle.Then make a spline to obtain required shape with dynamic mirror option.
Pic.3
REAR FENDER
Rear Fender is a frame like structure which is laying over a wheel is used to prevent the mud, liquids ,slippery things will be flown into air while rotating at high speed also it prevents the small stones will be flown over a rider because of acceleration cover a tyre.
- Features used
1.Revolve boss\base – Revolve feature is used to make cylindrical or circular 3D extrude along with a given reference axis as per drawn.
2.Split - Split tool is used to split single solid part into two solid parts.
3.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges
4.Shell - Shell feature is used to make to hollow space in solid part by selecting outer wall of the solid part is to make remove the inner parts also used to reduce the specific thickness.
- Constraints used
1.Horizontal
2.Vertical
- Tools used
1.3point Arc - 3point arc used to draw a arc with make center point as reference point draw an arc.
2.Spline - Spline tool use to make spline curves and complex geometry shapes
3.Extent entities - It is used to extend the end point lines to make closed sketch
4.Trim entities - Trim is used to trim\delete the additional lines in the geometry.
- Methodology
Create a 3 point arc at midplane of rear fender and offset a line at a given distance at end of the arc line to draw and extend using extend entities , as reference of construction line making a revolve feature at two direction and angle needed to achieve fender. Then make split at end of the fender to get curvature by using 3 point arc and at last by selecting face of rear fender to make full fillet at edges .To make shell command reduce the thickness of the rear fender at given dimension .
Pic.4
CHAIN
Chain is used to transmit power from engine to sprocket at rear wheel for acceleration of vehicle.
- Features used
- Extrude Boss/Base - Used to expand the object in 3D according to sketch plane.
2.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges curve.
- Driven pattern- Curve driven pattern is used to make any pattern which followed by the curve is sketched before.
- Constraints used
1.Concentric
2.Coincident
3.Tangent
- Tools used
1.Circle – Circle is the tool used to draw a circular sketch
2.3point Arc - 3point arc used to draw a arc with make center point as reference point drawn on arc.
3.Blocks - Block are the tool which make a particular sketch as blocks that we can get a sketch as block able to insert in geometry and sketch any time. 4.Trim- Trim is used to delete the additional lines in the geometry.
- Methodology
Begins with two circles which located as construction line as reference .Then draw a 3 point curve which is tangent with two circles with specific radius then trim additional lines and create a chain pin block that block to make coincident and concentric relation.The chain block make path with the curve which is drawn . After fixing block with curve make extrude the pin and chain plate at offset then make a curve driven pattern by curve as reference by following the same rhythm to create a complete chain model .
Pic.5
OIL TANK
Oil tank in an Engine is used to maintain the internal temperature at cylindrical blocks because of ignition for which the oil stored in a tank is known as oil tank
- Features used
1.Extrude Boss/Base - Used to expand the object in 3D according to sketch plane.
2.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges.
3.Shell - Shell feature is used to make to hollow space in solid part by selecting outer wall of the solid part is to make remove the inner parts also used to reduce the specific thickness.
4.Combine – Combine tool is used to make integration of two solid parts which intersect each other as same solid parts.
- Constraints used
1.Tangent
2.Coincident
- Tools used
1.Arc - Arc used to draw a arc with make center point as reference Point draw an arc.
2.Spline - Spline tool use to make spline curves and complex geometry shapes.
3.Dynamic mirror- Dynamic mirror used to mirror the entire feature of the plane selected for mirroring
4.Line tool – used to draw straight , construction line and tangent arcs
- Methodology
Oil tank start with sketching on top plane make a line and tangent arc coincident with construction line and make another straight line coincident with sketching point to get fully defined sketch and make a dynamic mirror to mirror.Then make a extrude and make a line with midplane to make a oil tank and extrude. Now combine both shapes to obtain a oil tank and fillet all ends. Finally make a shell command without selecting body to get hollow tank inside.
Pic.6
PEDAL
Pedal is used to make support for rider to spread his foot on apedal and make rider comfortable while travelling and prevent the foot contact with road.
- Features used
1.Extrude Boss/Base - Used to expand the object in 3D according to sketch plane
2.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges
3.Revolve boss/base – Revolve feature is used to make cylindrical or circular 3D extrude along with a given reference axis as per drawn sketch 4.Dome - Dome is a feature used to make dome shaped extrude including elliptical dome
5.Chamfer - Chamfer is used to make a edges sharp edge to make angled tapering.
6.Linear Pattern - Linear pattern is to make a solid feature pattern in path as linear.
- Constraints used
1.Tangent
2.Coincident
- Tools used
1.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges
2.Line tool – used to draw straight , construction line and tangent arcs
3.3point Arc - 3point arc used to draw an arc with make center point as reference point draw an arc
4.Offset – offset is used to make a same sketch which is selected at point of given dimension.
- Methodology
Draw the sketch as per the dimension and make a fully defined sketch filled with lots of relation.Then extrude a fixing pin using a contour selection make pedal frame same as per required. After that make a Revolve of foot peg from the same sketch. To finish make fillet and chamfer at end of the and make a dome at end.Finally a pattern of foot peg at a pedal is extruded by using linear pattern command.
Pic.7
FRONT WHEEL
Front Wheel is used as locomotive component of every vehicle .The wheel generally rotated based on the axis fixed with the vehicle. Its built with hard rim cover with nylon tyre
- Features used
1.Extrude Boss/Base - Used to expand the object in 3D according to sketch plane
2.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges.
3.Revolve boss/base – Revolve feature is used to make cylindrical or circular 3D extrude along with a given reference axis to draw the sketch. 4.Revolve cut - Revolve cut is a method to cut\reduce the extrude of cylindrical/round surface
5.Chamfer - Chamfer is used to make a edges sharp edge to make angled tapering.
6.Linear Pattern - Linear pattern is to make a solid feature pattern in path as linear.
7.Extrude Cut - Extrude cut feature used to cut the 3d object in linear path according to sketch
8.Circular pattern – Circular pattern is a feature used to make 3d feature into circularpattern according to number of insistence.
- Constraints used
1.Coincident
2.Midpoint
3.Horizontal
- Tools used
1.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edge.
2.Line tool – used to draw straight , construction line and tangent arcs
3.3point Arc - 3point arc used to draw a arc with make center point as reference point drawn on an arc
4.Spline - Spline tool use to make spline curves and complex geometry shapes
5.Trim – Used to trim the extra lines
6.Extend entities – Used to extend line to the next sketch with relation along to the sketch.
- Methodology
Front wheel consistent of Tyre ,Rotor, Caliper and Rim
For Tyre
Tyre is done by making revolve with front plane as per dimension to achieve pattern in tyre making a circular pattern feature.
For Rotor
Rotor is extrude offset from midplane to offset at specific dimension and make a circular patterned holes for grip to callipers.
For Caliper
Caliper is extrude along with mid plane extrude at both direction and make fillet and chamfer to achieve calliper
For rim
The rim is made by extrude revolve in the front plane reference by making sketch and revolve to achieve the rim after making a revolve boss/base.Then making a sketch to do make a spider web like forks by using circular pattern and other sketch entities according to dimensions.
Pic.8
REAR WHEEL
Rear Wheel is used as locomotive component of every vehicle .The wheel generally rotated based on the axis fixed with the vehicle. Its built with hard rim cover with nylon tyre. It also include sprocket, Caliper , Rotor, Tyre.
- Features used
1.Extrude Boss/Base - Used to expand the object in 3D according to sketch plane
2.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges.
3.Revolve boss\base – Revolve feature is used to make cylindrical or circular 3D extrude along with a given reference axis as per drawn sketch. 4.Revolve cut - Revolve cut is a method to cut\reduce the extrude of cylindrical\round Surface.
5.Chamfer - Chamfer is used to make a edges sharp edge to make angled tapering.
6.Linear Pattern - Linear pattern is to make a solid feature pattern in path as pattern
7.Extrude Cut - Extrude cut feature used to cut the 3d object in linear path according to sketch.
8.Circular pattern – Circular pattern is a feature used to make 3d feature into circular pattern according to number of insistence.
- Constraints used
1.Coincident
2.Midpoint
3.Horizontal
- Tools used
1.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges.
2.Line tool – used to draw straight , construction line and tangent arcs
3.3point Arc - 3point arc used to draw a arc with make center point as reference point drawn on arc.
4.Spline - Spline tool use to make spline curves and complex geometry shapes
5.Trim – Used to trim the extra lines
6.Extend entities – Used to extend line to the next sketch with relation along to the sketch.
- Methodology
Rear wheel it consistent of Tyre ,Rotor, Caliper, Rim and Sprocket
For Tyre
Tyre is done by making revolve with front plane as per dimension. To achieve pattern in tyre making a circular pattern feature is used.
For Rotor
Rotor is made by using extrude offset from midplane to offset at specific dimension and make a circular patterned holes for grip to callipers.
For Caliper
Caliper is extrude along with mid plane extrude at both direction and make fillet and chamfer to achieve calliper.
For Rim
The rim is made by extrude revolve in the front plane reference by making sketch and revolve to achieve the rim after making a revolve boss/base.Then making a sketch to do make a spider web like forks by using circular pattern and other sketch entities according to dimensions.
For Sprocket
Sprocket is made by extrude from the midplane of wheel with offset from a distance which is parallel to sprocket at engine block the sprocket is made by circular pattern to achieve the teeth at sprocket.
Pic.9
FRONT FORK
Front fork is consists two narrow tube consists of two shock absorbers along with axis of front wheel and tope end fixed with handle bar to control direction of vehicle with head light.
- Features used
1.Revolve boss\base – Revolve feature is used to make cylindrical or circular 3D extrude along with a given reference axis as per drawn sketch.
2.Dome - Dome is a feature used to make dome shaped extrude including elliptical dome
3.Extrude Boss\Base - Used to expand the object in 3D according to sketch plane
4.Split - Split tool is used to split single solid part into two solid parts
5.Combine – Combine tool is used to make integration of two solid parts which intersect each other as same solid parts.
- Move/copy body – This feature is used to move/copy the 3D body to one place to another face.
7.Mirror – Mirror is used to make a mirroring a feature or body by refernce of the selected plane it makes reduce the working timing of the model
8.Sweep – This feature is used to sweep any kind of fully defined sketch along with the path.
- Constraints use
1.Midpoint
2.Coincident
3.Horizontal
- Tools used
1.Projected curve – Projected curve is a special tool to make work easier projected used to combine a curves from different plane in to single plane sketch my means of integration
2.Convert Entities – This tool is used to make sketch according to the plane which under sketch makes a trace of single line
3.Line tool – used to draw straight , construction line and tangent arc 4.3point Arc - 3point arc used to draw a arc with make center point as reference point draw an arc.
5.Spline - Spline tool use to make spline curves and complex geometry shapes.
- Methodology
To make front fork first draw the sketch as per dimensions then make a revolve feature at front plane .From top plane extrude the center part of fork where head light and meter console located. offset some distance , Then extrude to right plane make a revolve of head light using move/copy feature move a head light towards z direction to make headlight center. Make a fillet at the ends of the headlight to get soft round edges ,Now mirror as plan that right side of solid part which mounted upside of fork make a mirror feature to get complete fork , then revolve the handlebar and make a composite curve to get brake wire connected with fork.
Pic.10
CHASSIS
Chassis is a skeleton of bike which is main frame that is used to hold everything like Engine, gas tank , pedal, and other parts .
- Features used
1.Mirror – Mirror is used to make a mirroring a feature or body by reference of the selected plane it makes reduce the working timing of the model
2.Sweep – This feature is used to sweep any kind of fully defined sketch along with the Path.
3.Revolve boss\base – Revolve feature is used to make cylindrical or circular 3D extrude along with a given reference axis as per drawn sketch
4.Dome - Dome is a feature used to make dome shaped extrude including elliptical dome.
5.Extrude Boss\Base - Used to expand the object in 3D according to sketch plane
6.Split - Split tool is used to split single solid part into two solid parts
7.Combine – Combine tool is used to make integration of two solid parts which intersect each other as same solid parts
8.Chamfer - Chamfer is used to make a edges sharp edge to make angled tapering.
9.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges.
- Constraints used
1.Midpoint
2.concentric
3.coincident
- Tools
1.Projected curve – Projected curve is a special tool to make work easier projected used to combine a curves from different plane in to single plane sketch my means of integration
2.Convert Entities – This tool is used to make sketch according to the plane which under sketch makes a trace of single line
3.Line tool – used to draw straight , construction line and tangent arcs
4.Spline - Spline tool use to make spline curves and complex geometry shapes
5.Circle – Used to make circles according to given radius\diameter
- Methodology
To make the chassis first we need reference of blueprint by importing chopper blueprint using image sketch feature.Then draw corresponding to the blueprint to get well defined sketch.Now use splines to make projected curves of bottom part of chassis make sweep along with curve etc as per required .
Pic.11
ENGINE
Engine is the power house of the vehicle it transmit the power to rear wheel through chain and sprocket.
- Features used
1.Mirror – Mirror is used to make a mirroring a feature or body by reference of the selected plane it makes reduce the working timing of the model
2.Sweep – This feature is used to sweep any kind of fully defined sketch along with the path.
3.Revolve boss\base – Revolve feature is used to make cylindrical or circular 3D extrude along with a given reference axis as per drawn sketch
4.Dome - Dome is a feature used to make dome shaped extrude including elliptical dome.
5.Extrude Boss\Base - Used to expand the object in 3D according to sketch plane
6.Split - Split tool is used to split single solid part into two solid parts
7.Combine – Combine tool is used to make integration of two solid parts which intersect each other as same solid parts
8.Chamfer - Chamfer is used to make a edges sharp edge to make angled tapering.
9.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges.
10.Extrude Cut - Extrude cut feature used to cut the 3d object in linear path according to sketch.
11.Circular pattern – Circular pattern is a feature used to make 3d feature into circular pattern according to number of insistence
12.Linear Pattern - Linear pattern is to make a solid feature pattern in path as linear.
- Constraints used
1.Coincident
2.concentric
3.Horizontal
4.Vertical
- Tools Used
1.Line tool – used to draw straight , construction line and tangent arcs
2.3point Arc - 3point arc used to draw a arc with make center point as reference point draw an arc.
3.Offset – offset is used to make a same sketch which is selected at point of given dimesion.
4.Projected curve – Projected curve is a special tool to make work easier projected used to combine a curves from different plane in to single plane sketch my means of integration
5.Convert Entities – This tool is used to make sketch according to the plane which under sketch makes a trace of single line
6.Trim- Trim is used to trim\delete the additional lines in the geometry
7.Composite curve- Composite curve is used to make to composite two curves into single curve.
- Methodology
To make Engine part modeling we need blueprint as reference image which is same as that of chassis .Within the help of blueprint make line and tangency for pulley and other portions used to drive then make an extrude from a new plane from the reference to make a engine block. Now using cut extrude cut the fins in engine and make mirror then make an air intake using revolve and projected curve and finally make a composite curve to sweep the exhaust and spark plug cable at end of the engine block.
Pic.12
GAS TANK
Gas tank is used to store the fuel which is need for making power engine in combustion process .
- Features used
1.Swept Surface – Its used to make a surface along with a path curve is driven.
2.Boundary Surface – Boundary surface which make surface in between two finished surface.
3.Loft Surface – loft surface is used to make loft in between two profiles along with guide path.
4.Knit surface- knit surface is used to make knit\zipped two surface
5.Sweep cut- sweep cut is same as sweep feature but its directly proportional to sweep which make a cut along with the sweep path
6.Combine – Combine tool is used to make integration of two solid parts which intersect each other as same solid parts.
7.Shell - Shell feature is used to make to hollow space in solid part by selecting outer wall of the solid part is to make remove the inner parts also used to reduce the specific thickness.
8.Fillet - Fillet is a feature used for making round edges to avoid sharp edges.
- Constraints used
1.Tangent
2.Coincident
- Tools used
1 . Line tool – used to draw straight , construction line and tangent arcs
2.3point Arc - 3point arc used to draw a arc with make center point as reference point draw an arc.
3.Projected curve – Projected curve is a special tool to make work easier projected used to combine a curves from different plane in to single plane sketch my means of integration
4.Convert Entities – This tool is used to make sketch according to the plane which under sketch makes a trace of single line
5.Mirror – Mirror is used to make a mirroring a feature or body by reference of the selected plane it makes reduce the working timing of the model.
- Methodology
To make a gas tank firstly we need a blueprint as a reference image.Now draw the sketches as per dimensions.Then make surface extrude along the blueprint by making sweep surface extrude. Now sketch a tangential spline curve along with sweep path to make a outer tank wall.To extrude loft surface using guided curve and finally make a shell for gas tank to have a hollow space.
Pic.13
ASSEMBLY OF CHOPPER
Assembly of chopper is the assemblying of all components into respective places.For the assembly import all components into it.Then start to assembly components with particular relations.
- Constraints used
1.Concentirc
2.Coincident with planes
3.Tangent with planes
4.Parallel
5.Perpendicular
6.Collinear
- Mates
Mates create geometric relationships between assembly components. As we add mates, we define the allowable directions of linear or rotational motion of the components. We can move a component within its degrees of freedom, visualizing the assembly's behavior.Finally apply decals for all the components as per instructed.
Fully assembled chopper
Pic.14
RENDERING
Rendering is process of making real time products for this we use PhotoView 360 and Solidworks Visualize.
PhotoView 360 is a SOLIDWORKS add-in that produces photo-realistic renderings of SOLIDWORKS models. The rendered image incorporates the appearances, lighting, scene, and decals included with the model. PhotoView 360 is available with SOLIDWORKS Professional or SOLIDWORKS Premium.
SOLIDWORKS Visualize provides industry-leading rendering capabilities with visual design-oriented features and workflows in place. This allows for fast and easy creations of visual content that communicates a designer's vision and showcases your part in the most stunning way.
- Features Used
1.Environment settings
2.Light settings
3.Colours and material editing
4.Scene Composition
All the Rendering were done through PhotView 360.Since I had issue with installing Solidworks visualize 2020.
- RENDERING IMAGES
Pic.15
Pic.16
Pic.17
Pic.18
Pic.19
CONCULSION
From this Project I have learned to Design an American chopper using Solidworks 3D modelling software.Many new features,tools and assemblying and Rendering have been also learned.This project helps me to gain good foundation in Solidworks 3D Modeling software.