Creating 3D Isometric view of various structural elements in AutoCAD

 

 PROBLEM 1.

  Aim :- To create a 3D Isometric View of the building with plan and elevation as shown in question Figure using AutoCAD.

 

  Introduction :-

• 3D Wireframe Model :- A wireframe model is a skeletal description of a 3D object. There are no surfaces in a wireframe model and it consists of only points, lines, and curves that describe the edges of the object. With AutoCAD, one can create wireframe models by positioning 2D objects anywhere in 3D space.

• Surface Model :- Surface modeling is more sophisticated than wireframe modeling. It defines not only the edges of a 3D object, but also its surfaces. The AutoCAD surface modeler defines faced surfaces using a polygonal mesh.

• Solid Model :- With the AutoCAD solid modeler, one can make 3D objects by creating basic 3D shapes: boxes, cones, cylinders, spheres, wedges, and torus. One can combine these shapes to create more complex solids by joining or subtracting them or finding their intersecting volume. You can also create solids by sweeping a 2D object along a path or revolving it about an axis.

 

  Procedure :-

• Open AutoCAD application.
• In Startup settings start from scratch select Imperial (Feet and Inches).
• Type "Un" and press enter.
• Set Units to scale inserted content as "inches" and click "OK".
• Sets limits by typing "limits" in command box.
• Change the workspace  setting of AutoCAO  from 'drafting and annotation' to "3D Modeling".

  

  Step 1 :- Creating Layers

• Type "LA" in the command box and press enter.
• In Layer properties manager, create new layers by clicking on new layer icon.
• Add different layers and assign Name, Colours and Line Type to them as follow :-

 

                   

 

  Step 2 :- Creating Plan

• Change the current layer to "Walls".
• Type "rec" command in the command box and press enter.
• Click on "dimensions" in command box.
• Specify length of rectangle as (10'9") and specify width of rectangle as (10'9").
• Type "o" for offset command.
• Specify the offset distance as 9".
• Click on rectangle to specify the object and click inside the rectangle.
• Typr "TR" for trim command and trim the left and bottom lines and extend the other lines to the edges.
• Change the current layer to "Windows Frame".
• Type "L" for line command.
• Draw the window with dimensions 3'2" and 3' as shown in question figure.

 

                      

 

  Step 3 :- Creating 3D View

• Change the view to 3D by clicking on "home" button of view cube.
• Type "BO" in the command box.
• Create the boundaries for the walls.
• Type "extrude" in the command box and press enter.
• Extrude the boundaries upward at a distance of 10'10".
• Select all the wall and use group command to group then together.
• Type "rec" command in the command box and press enter.
• Draw rectangles at both windows.
• Type "BO" in the command box and change the window to boundaries.
• Type "extrude" in the command box and press enter.
• Extrude both rectangles drawn to height of 3'4".
• Type "rec" command in the command box and press enter.
• Draw rectangles at top of both window openings.
• Type "BO" in the command box and change the drawn rectangles to boundaries.
• Type "UCS" and click on face and select the face having 3' wide window.
• Type "rec" command in the command box and press enter.
• Draw a rectangle from bottom part of window with dimensions @3',4'.
• Type "UCS" and click on face and select the face having 3'2" wide window.
• Draw a rectangle from bottom part of window with dimensions @3'2",4'.
• Change the "ucs" back to world.
• Type "extrude" in the command box and press enter.
• Extrude the rectangle drawn at top side to top edge of window.
• Group all the wall components together. 

 

                      

 

                      

 

  Step 4 :- Creating Windows

• Change the current layer to Windows Frame.
• Type "UCS" and click on face and select the face having 3' wide window.
• Type "rec" command in the command box and press enter.
• Draw a rectangle of dimension @3',4'.
• Type "O" in the command box and press enter.
• Specify the offset distance as 3".
• Specify offset object as rectangle and click inside the rectangle.
• Type "O" in the command box and press enter.
• Specify the offset distance as 4".
• Specify offset object last offsetted rectangle and click inside the rectangle.
• Type "BO" in the command box and press enter and click on pick points.
• Click inside the window frame area and press enter.
• Type "SUBTRACT" in command box and press enter.
• Select the bigger region and then select the smaller regions to subtarct them.
• Follow the same procedure for all the three boxes.
• Create the mulion area and glass area by the same procedure.
• Give dimensions to the window frame.

                      

 

                     

 

  Creating other Window :-

• Type "UCS" and click on face and select the face having 3'2" wide window.
• Type "rec" command in the command box and press enter.
• Draw a rectangle of dimension @3'2",4'.
• Type "O" in the command box and press enter.
• Specify the offset distance as 3".
• Specify offset object as rectangle and click inside the rectangle.
• Type "O" in the command box and press enter.
• Specify the offset distance as 4".
• Specify offset object last offsetted rectangle and click inside the rectangle.
• Type "BO" in the command box and press enter and click on pick points.
• Click inside the window frame area and press enter.
• Type "SUBTRACT" in command box and press enter.
• Select the bigger region and then select the smaller regions to subtarct them.
• Follow the same procedure for all the three boxes.
• Create the mulion area and glass area by the same procedure.
• Give dimensions to the window frame.

 

                       

 

                      

 

• Use the "Extrude" command to extrude the window frame, mulion and glass.
• Use the the "UCS" command and "move" command to Place the window created at the desired place in walls.

 

                       

 

                       

 

  Step 5 :- Creating Views

• Click on home button of the view cuble.
• Use zoom command for better view.
• Go to "view" tab and click on "new view".
• Set view name as View 1.
• Click on current view and click "ok".
• Click on the NE isometric view of the view cube.
• Use zoom command for better view.
• Go to "view" tab and click on "new view".
• Set view name as View 2.
• Click on current view and click "ok".
• Click on the Top view of the view cube.
• Use zoom command for better view.
• Go to "view" tab and click on "new view".
• Set view name as View 3.
• Click on current view and click "ok".

                

 

  Result :-

 

  1) View 1

                        

 

  2) View 2

                        

 

  3) View 3

                        

  

 

 PROBLEM 2.

  Aim :- To create the 3D View of the Building Facade as given in the plan and elevation using AutoCAD.

  Procedure :-

• Open AutoCAD application.
• In Startup settings start from scratch select Imperial (Feet and Inches).
• Type "Un" and press enter.
• Set Units to scale inserted content as "inches" and click "OK".
• Sets limits by typing "limits" in command box.
• Change the workspace  setting of AutoCAO  from 'drafting and annotation' to "3D Modeling".  

  Step 1 :- Creating Layers

• Type "LA" in the command box and press enter.
• In Layer properties manager, create new layers by clicking on new layer icon.
• Add different layers and assign Name, Colours and Line Type to them as follow :-

                         

 

  Step 2 :- Creating 2D Plan View

• Type "rec" command in the command box and press enter.
• Click on "dimensions" in command box.
• Specify length of rectangle as (6'9"') and specify width of rectangle as (10'9").
• Type "O" in the command box and press enter.
• Specify the offset distance as 4".
• Select the rectangle and click inside the rectangle.
• Type "TR" and press enter.
• Trim the upper edge of the inner rectangle.
• Type "EX" anf press enter.
• Extend the side edes of the inner rectangle to the top edge of outer rectangle.
• Change the current layer Window Frame.
• Add dimensions to the Plan.
• Create the window opening of dimensions 3' wide as shown in question figure.

                 

 

  Step 3 :- Creating 3D View

• Change the view to 3D by clicking on home button of view cube.
• Type "UCS" in the command box and press enter.
• Type "W" and press enter to set the UCS as world.
• Set the view style control as REALISTIC.
• Type 'BO' in the command box and press enter.
• Create the boundaries for the walls.
• Type "Extrude" in the command box and press enter.
• Extrude the boundaries created to total height of 10'10".
• Select all the wall and type group and press enter to group the walls together.
• Delete the window lines.
• Create a boundry region over the window lines.
• Extrude the boundary to aheight of 4'6".
• Draw a rectangle on top of the window opening using rectangle command.
• Change the rectangle into a region.
• Extrude the region to distance of 1'3" to below and then window opening is created as shown below.

                             

                             

 

  Step 4 :- Creating Window of 4' Width

• Change the current layer to Window Frame.
• Type "UCS" and click on face and select the face having 3' wide window.
• Type "rec" for rectangle command and press enter.
• Draw a rectangle of dimension @3',4'.
• Type "O" for offset command. Take offset of the rectangle to inside at offset distance of 2".
• Type "O" for offset command. Take offset of the last offseted rectangle and click inside at offset distance of 3".
• Type "L" for line command adn press enter. Draw line connecting midpoints of top and bottom edges of inner rectangle.
• Type "O" for offset command. Take offset of the line and click both side at offset distance of 3".
• Type "TR" and press enter. Trim all the unnecessary edges. 

                 

 

• Type "BO" in the command box for  boundary command and click on pick points.
• Click inside the window frame area and press enter.
• Type "SUBTRACT" in command box and press enter.
• Select the bigger region and then select the smaller regions to subtarct it.
• Change the current layer to "Window Mulion".
• Type "BO" in the command box for  boundary command and click on pick points.
• Click inside the window mulion area and press enter.
• Type "SUBTRACT" in command box and press enter.
• Select the bigger region and then select the smaller regions to subtarct it.
• Change the current layer to Window Glass.
• Type "BO" in the command box for  boundary command and click on pick points.
• Click inside the window glass area and press enter.

 

                    

                    

 

  Step 5 :- Creating Elevation View

• The windows created in step 4 are placed at its positions by using "MOVE" command.
• Group all the items to create the elevation view.

               

• Copy the block having 4' height window and place it 3 times as given in question.

              

• Create the top part of the drawing using 4" wall with height 6'5" from top.
• Create a boundary for the wall.
• Extrude the boundary to 9" as shown in elevation.

               

 

  Step 6 :- Creating Views 

• Click on home button of the view cuble.
• Use zoom command for better view.
• Go to "view" tab and click on "new view".
• Set view name as View 1.
• Click on current view and click "ok".
• Click on the Front view of the view cube.
• Use zoom command for better view.
• Go to "view" tab and click on "new view".
• Set view name as View 2.
• Click on current view and click "ok".

 

  Result :-

     View 1 :-

                      

                       

 

  View 2 :-

                         

 

 

 PROBLEM 3.

 

  Aim :- To create a 3D Isometric View of a stair with railing with plan and elevation as shown in question Figure using AutoCAD.

  Procedure :-

• Open AutoCAD application.
• In Startup settings start from scratch select Imperial (Feet and Inches).
• Type "Un" and press enter.
• Set Units to scale inserted content as "inches" and click "OK".
• Sets limits by typing "limits" in command box.
• Change the workspace  setting of AutoCAO  from 'drafting and annotation' to "3D Modeling".  

  Step 1 :- Creating Layers

• Type "LA" in the command box and press enter.
• In Layer properties manager, create new layers by clicking on new layer icon.
• Add different layers and assign Name, Colours and Line Type to them as follow :-

                               

 

  Step 2 :- Creating 2D Plan View of Staircase

• Change the current layer to "Stairs".
• Type "rec" command in the command box and press enter.
• Click on "dimensions" in command box.
• Specify length of rectangle as (3') and specify width of rectangle as (12').
• Type "explode" in the command box and select the rectangle and press enter.
• Type "O" for offset command.
• Specify the offset distance as 1".
• Select side edges of the rectangle and click inside the rectangle.
• Type "O" for offset command.
• Specify the offset distance as 1'.
• Click on the bottom edge of rectangle and make steps by clicking upsides 10 times.

               

 

  Step 3 :- Creating Side View

• Change the view to 3d by clicking on home button of view cube and chance the view to right view.
• Set UCS as Right.
• Type "L" for line command.
• Draw a vertical line of length 6".
• Continue draw a horizontal line of length 1'.
• Repeat the same process for 10 times to draw 10 steps.
• After reaching top step.
• Draw a landing of length of 3'.
• Press enter to esc line command.
• Type "L" for line command.
• Draw a line of 1' at the bottom step.
• Draw a line of 6" at the top right edge of landing.
• Draw a line of 1'6" backwards.
• Draw a slab joining the lines.

                

 

  Step 4 :- Creating 3D View

• Change the view to 3D by clicking on home button of view cube.
• Type "UCS" in the command box and press enter and type "W" and press enter.
• Set the view style control as "REALISTIC".
• Create a region from the side view of the stairs.
• Extrude the side view to a distance of 3'.

               

 

  Creating Hand Rails

• Change the current layer to Handrail.
• Draw circle of diameter 1" with 2" offset from the top right edges of the first thread of staircase.
• Change the circle into a region.
• Extrude the region to a height of 3' as shown in the figure.
• Change the current layer to Handrail_base.
• Draw a handrail stand at the bottom with dimension 2" and extrude.
• Change the current layer to Handrail.
• Draw a polyline connecting all the top edges of handrails.
• Change the UCS to front.
• Draw a circle of diameter 2" on top of the first handrail.
• Create a region of the circle drawn.
• Start Sweep command.
• Select the circle as object to sweep.
• Select the polyline drawn as path of sweep.
• Copy the same to the other side.

                     

 

  Step 5 :- Creating different Views

• Click on the Top view of the view cube.
• Use zoom command for better view.
• Go to "view" tab and click on "new view".
• Set view name as View 1.
• Click on Right view of the view cube .
• Use zoom command for better view.
• Go to "view" tab and click on "new view".
• Set view name as View 2.
• Click on current view and click "ok".
• Click on the home button of the view cube.
• Use zoom command for better view.
• Go to "view" tab and click on "new view".
• Set view name as View 3.
• Click on current view and click "ok".
• Click on the Front view of the view cube.
• Use zoom command for better view.
• Go to "view" tab and click on "new view".
• Set view name as View 4.
• Click on current view and click "ok".

 

  Result :-

       View 1 :-

                       

 

      View 2 :-

                      

 

      View 3 :-

                       

      View 4 :-

                       

 

 

 PROBLEM 4.

 

  Aim :- To create a 3D view and rendered view of a Wall with spread footing with plan and elevation as shown in question Figure using AutoCAD.

  Procedure :-

• Open AutoCAD application.
• In Startup settings start from scratch select Metrics (Millimeters).
• Type "Un" and press enter.
• Set Units to scale inserted content as "inches" and click "OK".
• Sets limits by typing "limits" in command box.
• Change the workspace  setting of AutoCAO  from 'drafting and annotation' to "3D Modeling".  

  Step 1 :- Creating Layers

• Type "LA" in the command box and press enter.
• In Layer properties manager, create new layers by clicking on new layer icon.
• Add different layers and assign Name, Colours and Line Type to them as follow :-

                     

 

  Step 2 :- Creating 2D Plan View of wall with spread footing

• Change the current layer to wall.
• Type "rec" and press enter and draw a rectangle of dimensions 670mm X 7500mm.
• Type "O" and press enter and make offset the rectangle inside at a distance of 120mm.
• Type "O" and press enter and make offset the last offseted rectangle inside at a distance of 5Omm twice.
• Explode all the offseted rectangles.
• Delete the top and bottom edges of the exploded rectangles.
• Type "EX" and press enter and extend all the rectangle to top and bottom edges of outer rectangle.
• At the end, select the individual lines and change their layers respectively.

               

               

 

  Creating Door Block :-

• Type "rec" and press enter and draw a rectabgle of dimenson 50mm X 100mm.
• Type "rec" and press enter and draw another rectangle with dimensions of  5Omm X 5Omm.
• Type "L" and press enter and draw a line of length 850mm from the edge.
• From the ribbon menu, select arc tool and draw an arc for the door swing.
• Type "B" and press enter and convert the door into a block.
• Edit the block and add flip parameters.
• Create the door opening of 900mm at the middle.
• Type "I" and press enter and insert the door block by rotating the door.
• Add the door shade using respective layer.

               

 

              

 

  Step 3 :- Creating Elevaton view

• Click on the Front view of the view cube and use zoom command for better view.
• Change the ucs to front.
• Change the current layer to "G.L.".
• Type "L" and press enter and draw a line of certain length.
• Type "O" and press enter and take offset of the line to bottom at a distance of 25mm.
• Type "O" and press enter and take offset of the last offset line at bottom at a distance of 100mm.
• Change the current layer to "Wall".
• Type "rec" and press enter and draw a rectangle of dimension 230mm X 3300mm from the top left edge of Ground level.
• Change the current layer to "Roof Level".
• Draw roof of thickness 150mm.
• Draw a Parapet wall of height 600mm. 

  Footing Layers

• Type "rec" and press enter and draw a rectangle of dimension 230mm X 600mm below the floor level.
• Type "rec" and press enter and draw a rectangle of dimension 330mm X 400mm below the first level.
• Type "rec" and press enter and draw a rectangle of dimension 430mm X 400mm below the second level.
• Change the current layer to "Footing".
• Type "rec" and press enter and draw a rectangle of dimension 670mm X 300mm, below the third level as shown in figure

                            

 

• Type "TR" and press enter and trim the unnecessary edges.
• Change the current layer to "Doors".
• Type "L" and press enter and draw a line along the length of the door of 230mm at the ground level.
• Type "O" and press enter and take offset of the line to below at a distance of 50mm below the ground level.
• Type "O" and press enter and take offset of the line at a distance of 2100 to above.
• Change the current layer to "Door Shade".
• Draw the door shade as shown in question figure. 

                             

 

  Step 4 :- Drawing 3D View of section 

• Type "BO" in the command box and press enter.
• Create boundaries in each of the region.
• Each boundary is created with its respective layer as current layer as shown in figure below :- 

                              

  Extruding :-

• The created boundaries are to be extrruded to a distance of 7500mm.
• Select the boundaries by changing their respective current layer.
• Door opening is added by drawing a rectangle at the door locaton from the plan view.
• Then from the extruded part, door region is subtracted from the wall using "SUBTRACT" command.
• Similarly door shade is created with the opening above.

                             

  

  Step 5 :- Rendering

• Rendering is done by adding materials in the 3D view.
• Material Browser is used for adding materials to objects.
• The materials added for the comonents from the material browser are shown below.

                                

 

  Step 6 :- Creating Views

• Adjust the view cube as per the view requirement.
• Use zoom command for better view.
• Go to "view" tab and click on "new view".
• Set view name as per the choice and make the different views with same procedure.
• Go to visualize and click on add camera.
• Create a circle at required distance and turn it into a region
• Extrude the region to aheight of 1800mm
• Click on add camera
• Set name as cam 1
• Set intensity as 1500
• Set target such that entire wall section is visible

 

  Result :-

    SW Isometric View :-

                 

 

   Camera view :-

                  

 

   Rendered view :-