Creating various 3D Models like Furniture, Footing, Girder, Column drop with panel and Gable Wall in AutoCad

 

 PROBLEM 1.

  Aim :- To create a 3D Furniture element as shown in the question Figure using AutoCAD.

 

  Introduction :-

• 3D Wireframe Model :- A wireframe model is a skeletal description of a 3D object. There are no surfaces in a wireframe model and it consists of only points, lines, and curves that describe the edges of the object. With AutoCAD, one can create wireframe models by positioning 2D objects anywhere in 3D space.

• Surface Model :- Surface modeling is more sophisticated than wireframe modeling. It defines not only the edges of a 3D object, but also its surfaces. The AutoCAD surface modeler defines faced surfaces using a polygonal mesh.

• Solid Model :- With the AutoCAD solid modeler, one can make 3D objects by creating basic 3D shapes: boxes, cones, cylinders, spheres, wedges, and torus. One can combine these shapes to create more complex solids by joining or subtracting them or finding their intersecting volume. You can also create solids by sweeping a 2D object along a path or revolving it about an axis.

 

  Procedure :-

• Open AutoCAD application.
• In Startup settings start from scratch select Imperial (Feet and Inches).
• Type "Un" and press enter.
• Set Units to scale inserted content as "inches" and click "OK".
• Sets limits by typing "limits" in command box.
• Change the workspace  setting of AutoCAO  from 'drafting and annotation' to "3D Modeling".

  

  Step 1 :- Creating Layers 

• Type "LA" in the command box and press enter.
• In Layer properties manager, create new layers by clicking on new layer icon.
• Add different layers and assign Name, Colours and Line Type to them as follow :-

 

                                 

   

  Step 2 :- Creating the 3D furniture box :-

• Type "L" for line command and press enter.
• Specify first point as (0,0,0) and press enter.
• Specify next point as (2',0,0) and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@0,0,2'6") and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@2'<180°) and press enter.
• Click on close to close the box being drawn.

                        

• Type "L" for line command and press enter.
• Specify starting point as (0,0,2'6") and press enter.
• Specify next point as (0,3',2'6") and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@2',0,0) and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@0,3',0) and press enter.
• Press "esc" to exit the line command.
• Type "L" for line command and press enter.
• Specify starting point as (0,3',2'6") and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@0,0, -2'6") and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@0,-2",0) and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@0,0,2'4") and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@0,-2'8",0) and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@0,0,-2'4") and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@0,-2",0) and press enter.
• Press "esc" to exit the line command.
• Type "L" for line command and press enter.
• Specify starting point as (0, 2'10",0) and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@2',0,0) and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@0,-2'10",0) and press enter.

• Press "esc" to exit the line command.
• Draw the line connecting top and bottom faces from bottom corner point (2',2'10",0).

 

             

• Assign layers to the box.

 

              

  

  Step 3 :- Drawing the box faces :-

• Type "3DFACE" in the command box and press enter to draw faces.
• Select the four corners of any face and press enter.
• Change the view style control to "Shaded" and check the face.
• Follow the same procedure for all the faces of the model.
• Change the view style control to "Hidden" and check for face.

  

  Result :-

 

  1.  2DWireframe model

 

                     

 

   2.  Hidden model

 

                      

 

  3.  Shaded model

 

                      

 

  

 

 PROBLEM 2.

  Aim :- To create the 3d Model of an Isolated footing as shown in question Figure using AutoCAD.

 

  Procedure :-

• Open AutoCAD application.
• In Startup settings start from scratch select Imperial (Feet and Inches).
• Type "Un" and press enter.
• Set Units to scale inserted content as "inches" and click "OK".
• Sets limits by typing "limits" in command box.
• Change the workspace  setting of AutoCAO  from 'drafting and annotation' to "3D Modeling".

  

  Step 1 :- Creating Layers 

• Type "LA" in the command box and press enter.
• In Layer properties manager, create new layers by clicking on new layer icon.
• Add different layers and assign Name, Colours and Line Type to them as follow :-

                      

 

  Step 2 :- Creating the 3d Model of Isolated footing

• Type "rec" command in the command box and press enter.
• Specify first point as (0,0,0) and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@3',3',0) and press enter.
• Press enter to esc the rectangle command.
• Type "rec" command in the command box and press enter.
• Specify first point as (1',1',0) and press enter.
• Specify next point as (@1',1',0) and press enter.
• Type "move" in the command box and press enter.
• Move the inner rectangle in the Z-axis to a distance of 2'6".
• Create a region by using region command in both the rectangles Change the view style control to shaded.
• Change the view style control to 2Dwireframe.
• Using extrude command, Extrude the bottom rectangle up to distance of 6".
• Draw another rectangle at the top of the extruded surface.
• Using extrude command, extrude the rectangle drawn earlier up to distance of 2'.
• Click on side grip and select the edge of inner rectangle for tapered shape.
• Assign the layers accordingly.

                    

 

  Result :-

 

   1.  2DWireframe model

 

                          

 

   2.  Hidden model

 

                          

 

    3.  Shaded model

 

                         

 

 

  PROBLEM 3. 

  Aim :-  To create the 3D view of the AASTHO Type Girder as shown in question figure using AutoCAD.

 

  Procedure :-

• Open AutoCAD application.
• In Startup settings start from scratch select Imperial (Feet and Inches).
• Type "Un" and press enter.
• Set Units to scale inserted content as "inches" and click "OK".
• Sets limits by typing "limits" in command box.
• Change the workspace  setting of AutoCAO  from 'drafting and annotation' to "3D Modeling".

  

  Step 1 :- Creating Layers 

• Type "LA" in the command box and press enter.
• In Layer properties manager, create new layers by clicking on new layer icon.
• Add different layers and assign Name, Colours and Line Type to them as follow :-

 

                                 

  

  Step 2 :- Creating Plan of AASTHO type girder

• Type "L" for line command and press enter.
• Specify first point as anywhere on screen.
• Keep the Orthomode "ON".
• Specify next distance as 1' on right side and press enter.
• Specify next distance as 6" on bottom side and press enter.
• Specify next distance as 3" on bottom side and press enter.
• Specify next distance as 3" on left side and press enter.
• Specify next distance as 1'6" on bottom side and press enter.
• Specify next distance as 6" on bottom side and press enter.
• Specify next distance as 6" on right side and press enter.
• Specify next distance as 6" on bottom side and press enter.
• Specify next distance as 1'6" on left side and press enter.
• Press enter to esc the line command.
• Type "TR" for trim command and press enter.
• Trim the extra 3" and 6" lines and join the vertices using line command.
• Type "MI" in the command box for mirror command and press enter.
• Select the right side lines of girder and press enter.
• Specify the first point of mirror as Mid point of first 1' line and specify second point as upward or bottom of that mid point.
• Select "NO" for trim the source object. 
• Type "f" for fillet command and press enter.
• Curve the bottom edges with radius of 1" on both corners.
• Assign edge layer to these lines.

                     

  

  Step 3 :- Creating 3D Girder section

• Type region command and press enter.
• Create a region inside the "I" section.
• Change the view style control to shaded.
• Go to view cube and click on home.
• Type extrude in the command box and oress enter.
• Extrude the "I" section drawn earlier up to distance of 10'.

 

              

 

  Result :-

 

   1.  2DWireframe model

                         

 

   2.  Hidden model

 

                          

 

    3.  Shaded model

 

                         

 

 

 PROBLEM 4.

  Aim :- To create a 3d Model of a drop column with panel as shown in question figure using AutoCAD.

 

  Procedure :-

• Open AutoCAD application.
• In Startup settings start from scratch select Imperial (Feet and Inches).
• Type "Un" and press enter.
• Set Units to scale inserted content as "inches" and click "OK".
• Sets limits by typing "limits" in command box.
• Change the workspace  setting of AutoCAO  from 'drafting and annotation' to "3D Modeling".

  

  Step 1 :- Creating Layers 

• Type "LA" in the command box and press enter.
• In Layer properties manager, create new layers by clicking on new layer icon.
• Add different layers and assign Name, Colours and Line Type to them as follow :-

 

                                 

 

   Step 2 :- Creating column top view 

• Type "rec" command in the command box and press enter.
• Click on "dimensions" in command box.
• Specify length of rectangle as (4'6") and specify width of rectangle as (4'6").
• Turn on geometric center snap in the object snap setting.
• Type "C" for circle command and press enter.
• Specify the center of circle as geometric center of rectangle.
• Specify the radius of circle as 1'6" and press enter.
• Type "C" for circle command and press enter.
• Specify the center of circle as geometric center of rectangle.
• Specify the radius of circle as 3'6" and press enter.

 

                                 

 

   Step 3 :- Creating 3D model of column 

• Type "move" for move command and press enter.
• Using move command, rectangle drawn in 2D to a distance of 11'6" in "+ve" Z-direction.
• Type "move" for move command and press enter.
• Using move command, inner circle drawn in 2D to a distance of 10' in "+ve" Z-direction.
• Type "move" for move command and press enter.
• Using move command, outer circle drawn in 2D to a distance of 11' in "+ve" Z-direction.
• Type region command and select rectangle and both circles to create region and press enter.

                                   

 

                 

 

  Step 4 :- Extruding Regions to create column 3D view

• Go to view cube and click on home.
• Type extrude in the command box and oress enter.
• Extrude the top rectangle downward at a distance of -6".
• Extrude the middle circle downward at a distance of -1'.
• Select the circle and use the grip and select the inner circle for tapered shape.
• Extrude the lower circle downward at a distance of -10'.

 

                          

 

 

  Result :-

 

   1.  2DWireframe model

                

                

 

   2.  Hidden model

                         

                          

 

    3.  Shaded model

                        

 

 

 

 

 PROBLEM 5.

  Aim :- To create the 3D model of a wall of thickness 9” as shown in question figure using AutoCAD.

 

  Procedure :-

• Open AutoCAD application.
• In Startup settings start from scratch select Imperial (Feet and Inches).
• Type "Un" and press enter.
• Set Units to scale inserted content as "inches" and click "OK".
• Sets limits by typing "limits" in command box.
• Change the workspace  setting of AutoCAO  from 'drafting and annotation' to "3D Modeling".

  

  Step 1 :- Creating Layers 

• Type "LA" in the command box and press enter.
• In Layer properties manager, create new layers by clicking on new layer icon.
• Add different layers and assign Name, Colours and Line Type to them as follow :-

 

                               

 

  Step 2 :- Creating front view

• Type "rec" command in the command box and press enter.
• Click on "dimensions" in command box.
• Specify length of rectangle as (10') and specify width of rectangle as (12'6").
• Type "L" for line command and press enter.
• Draw a line of length 10' at distance of 2'6" from the top edge of the rectangle drawn earlier.
• Press "esc" to exit the line command.
• Type "L" for line command and press enter.
• Draw a line connecting midpoints of the top and bottom edge of earlier drawn rectangle.
• Type "TR" for trim command and press enter.
• Trim the extra portion and draw the top portion of wall using line command.
• Use the "rec" command and create rectangle symmetrical the midpoint of bottom edge of dimension 3'X7'.
• Trim the bottom part of the door opening.

                              

  Step 3 :- Creating 3D view of the wall

• Create a region by using region command inside the wall plan view
• Change the view style control to shaded
• Extrude the region created to distance of 9" to the top
• The wall with door opening is created as shown below.

 

  Result :- 

 

   1.  2DWireframe model

 

                         

 

   2.  Hidden model

 

                         

 

    3.  Shaded model