Project 2_Creating a 3D rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCad

  Aim :- To create a Three-Dimensional model of the residential building with a rendered view using AutoCAD.

  Introduction :-

• 2D Wireframe Model :- A wireframe model is a skeletal description of a 3D object. There are no surfaces in a wireframe model and it consists of only points, lines, and curves that describe the edges of the object. With AutoCAD, one can create wireframe models by positioning 2D objects anywhere in 3D space.

• Surface Model :- Surface modeling is more sophisticated than wireframe modeling. It defines not only the edges of a 3D object, but also its surfaces. The AutoCAD surface modeler defines faced surfaces using a polygonal mesh.

• Solid Model :- With the AutoCAD solid modeler, one can make 3D objects by creating basic 3D shapes: boxes, cones, cylinders, spheres, wedges, and torus. One can combine these shapes to create more complex solids by joining or subtracting them or finding their intersecting volume. You can also create solids by sweeping a 2D object along a path or revolving it about an axis.

• Rendering :- Rendering is the process of creating a raster image based on the 3D objects in a scene. A rendered image can be created for a new model without attaching materials, placing user-defined lights, and adding a background.

  The Assumed dimensions are as following :- 

• External wall = 230 mm
• Internal wall = 150 mm
• Staircase Dimensions :-

         Treads = 250 mm, Riser = 200 mm

• Windows Dimensions :-

         W = 1000 mm x 1500 mm, V = 700 mm x 500  mm

• Doors Dimensions :-

         D1 = 1500 mm x 2000 mm, D2 = 1000 mm x 2000 mm, D3 = 900 mm x 2000 mm

• Beam Size = 230 mm x 350 mm

• Column Size = 230 mm x 230 mm

  Procedure :- 

• Open AutoCAD application.
• In Startup settings start from scratch select metrics.
• Type "Un" and press enter.
• Set Units to scale inserted content as "milimeter" and press Enter.
• Sets limits by typing "limits" in command box.
• Change the workspace  setting of AutoCAO  from 'drafting and annotation' to "3D Modeling".

  Step 1 :- Creating Layers

• Type "LA" in the command box and press enter.
• In Layer properties manager, create new layers by clicking on new layer icon.
• Add different layers and assign Name, Colours and Line Type to them as follow 

  Step 2 :- Creating Ground Floor Plan

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "WALLS" Layer.
• Type "REC" for rectangle command in command box and press enter.
• Select dimensions option in the command box.
• Specify length as "17630" and press enter.
• Specify width as "5330" and press enter.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "230" and press enter.
• Select the last drawn rectangle and click inside of rectangle.
• Type "explode" in the command box and press enter.
• Select the both rectangles and press enter.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "3800" and press enter.
• Select the left width of internal rectangle and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "2400" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "4870" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1500" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right. 
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1250" and press enter.
• Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "2500" and press enter.
• Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.

  Creating Doors and Windows in Ground Floor Plan :-

• Type "TR" in the command box for trim and press enter.
• Use trim command to make opening for the doors in different walls.
• For D1, make 1500mm size opening in the walls.
• And 1000mm and 900mm size openings for doors D2 and D3 respectively.
• For D1, Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DOORS" Layer.
• Type "L" for line command and press enter.
• Specify any starting point.
• Specify next point as @25<180.
• Specify next point as @1500<90.
• Specify next point as @50<180.
• Specify next point as @1500<270.
• Specify next point as @50<0 and press enter.
• Click on "ARC" option on ribbon and select "Start, End and Direction" type arc to draw. 
• Select Start point of arc as end of the 1500 length line.
• Select end point as the other end of the door opening.
• Give the suitable direction which suits the arc.
• Repeat the same procedures for D2 and D3 doors with their respective sizes.
• Select whole door drawn and type "CO" in command box for copy and click on "multiple".
• Pick the door and place it on desire places as shown in plan.
• Use rotate command to rotate the object.
• For window, Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "WINDOWS" Layer.
• Create a vertical line of 230 mm.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1000" and press enter.
• Select the last vertical line and click on right.
• Type "L" for line command and press enter.
• Join the mid points of the last to drawn line and press enter.
• Select whole window drawn and type "CO" in command box for copy and click on "multiple".
• Pick the windows and place it on desire places as shown in plan.
• Repeat the same procedures for ventilation with it's respective size.
• After Drawing Doors, Windows and Ventilations, convert each of them as block.

  Creating Staircase in Ground Floor Plan :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "STAIRCASE" Layer.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1200" and press enter.
• Select the internal line segment of 2400 mm length wall and click at bottom.
• Now select the line and Type "CO" in command box.
• Select Array option in command box.
• Specify no. of item in array as "10".
• Specify the next item distance as "250" and press enter.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• For handrail, make a line by connecting all center points of the drawn steps.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "50" and press enter.
• Select the last drawn line of 2250 mm length and make offset of the line at both right and left side of the line.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion and make the handrill as shown in figure.
• Draw the Stairs in the Entrance by the same process but with different dimensions.

  Creating Texts in Ground Floor Plan :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "TEXTS" Layer.
• Go to annotation tab and select the multitext command.
• Select the Text style as "Arial".
• Specify the text height and scale.
• Specify the area where to put the text and type the desire text as per requirement.
• After typing the text, select the whole text and type "CO" and select multiple on the command box.
• Turn the ORTHO and OSNAP option Off and put the copied text to the required places.
• Type "ED" in the command box for "Edittext" command and press enter.
• Select the text and change the text as per requirement.

  Creating Dimensions in Ground Floor Plan :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
• Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
• Give all the linear dimensions.
• Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.

  Step 3 :- Creating First Floor Plan

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "WALLS" Layer.
• Type "REC" for rectangle command in command box and press enter.
• Select dimensions option in the command box.
• Specify length as "17630" and press enter.
• Specify width as "5330" and press enter.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "230" and press enter.
• Select the last drawn rectangle and click inside of rectangle.
• Type "explode" in the command box and press enter.
• Select the both rectangles and press enter.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "3800" and press enter.
• Select the left width of internal rectangle and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "2400" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "4870" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1500" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right. 
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1250" and press enter.
• Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "3720" and press enter.
• Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "2500" and press enter.
• Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.

  Creating Doors and Windows in First Floor Plan :-

• Type "TR" in the command box for trim and press enter.
• Use trim command to make opening for the doors in different walls.
• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DOORS" Layer.
• The procedure of creating doors and windows is same as in the Ground floor plan.

  Creating Staircase in First Floor Plan :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "STAIRCASE" Layer.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1200" and press enter.
• Select the internal line segment of 2400 mm length wall and click at bottom.
• Now select the line and Type "CO" in command box.
• Select Array option in command box.
• Specify no. of item in array as "10".
• Specify the next item distance as "250" and press enter.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• For handrail, make a line by connecting all center points of the drawn steps.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "50" and press enter.
• Select the last drawn line of 2250 mm length and make offset of the line at both right and left side of the line.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion and make the handrill as shown in figure.

  Creating Texts in First Floor Plan :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "TEXTS" Layer.
• Go to annotation tab and select the multitext command.
• Select the Text style as "Arial".
• Specify the text height and scale.
• Specify the area where to put the text and type the desire text as per requirement.
• After typing the text, select the whole text and type "CO" and select multiple on the command box.
• Turn the ORTHO and OSNAP option Off and put the copied text to the required places.
• Type "ED" in the command box for "Edittext" command and press enter.
• Select the text and change the text as per requirement.

  Creating Dimensions in First Floor Plan :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
• Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
• Give all the linear dimensions.
• Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.

  Step 4 :- Creating 3D view

• Select Ground floor Plan view and Type "CO" command and copy view to a different location.
• Turn all layers "off" except "walls" and "3D_wall" Layers.
• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "3D_Wall" Layer.
• Type "BO" in the command box and press enter.
• Select the inner portion of the Plan walls and make boundary.
• Type "Extrude" and press enter.
• Select the Last created boundary walls and press enter.
• Extrude the walls in Z-direction at a distance of 3600mm.
• Turn the "Door" Layer on and and make boundaries at the place of doors and Use the extrude command Extrude the door boundary upto a height of 2000mm.
• Use the subtract command and subtract the door Region from the wall region.
• The final result can be seen as follow :-

• Now turn the window layer on and Create the boundary for the window as well.
• Use the extrude command and Create the window of height 1500mm.
• Use the subtract connad for subtracting the window from the 3D wall.
• The final result can be seen as follow :-

  Creating 3D doors and window :-

• Turn on the the door layer and take a copy of doors D1, D2 and D3 and paste at someother place in the drawing model.
• Take the plan view of the frame of the door and create a 3D path for the frame to go through by using poly line.
• Type the "sweep" command and press enter.
• Specify the frame of door as the object.
• Specify the the polyline path for the sweep.
• After creating the Frame, make the plan of door and Use "Extrude" command to create the door.

• Repeate the same procedure for creating remaining two doors D2 and D3.

• Change the current layer to Windows.
• Type "UCS" and click on face and select the face having 1500mm wide window.
• Type "rec" command in the command box and press enter.
• Draw a rectangle of dimension @1000,1500.
• Type "O" in the command box and press enter.
• Specify the offset distance as 100mm.
• Specify offset object as rectangle and click inside the rectangle.
• Type "O" in the command box and press enter.
• Specify the offset distance as 70mm.
• Specify offset object last offsetted rectangle and click inside the rectangle.
• Type "BO" in the command box and press enter and click on pick points.
• Click inside the window frame area and press enter.
• Type "SUBTRACT" in command box and press enter.
• Select the bigger region and then select the smaller regions to subtarct them.
• Follow the same procedure for all the three boxes.
• Create the mulion area and glass area by the same procedure.

• Create the ventilation window of size 700mm X 500mm with the same process as the windows.

• After creating doors and windows Convert them into the Blocks With their respective names.

  Creating 3D Staircase :-

• Turn off all the Layers except Staircase.
• Change the view to 3d by clicking on home button of view cube and chance the view to right view.
• Set UCS at Right view.
• Type "L" for line command.
• Draw a vertical line of length 200mm.
• Continue draw a horizontal line of length 250mm.
• Repeat the same process for 10 times to draw 10 steps.
• After reaching top step.
• Draw a landing of length of 1200.
• Press enter to esc line command.
• Type "L" for line command.
• Draw a line of 125mm at the bottom step.
• Draw a line of 125mm at the top right edge of landing.
• Draw a line of 125mm backwards.
• Draw a slab joining the lines.
• Change the view to 3D by clicking on home button of view cube.
• Type "UCS" in the command box and press enter and type "W" and press enter.
• Set the view style control as "REALISTIC".
• Create a region from the side view of the stairs.
• Extrude the side view to a distance of 1200mm.
• Type 3D mirror and press enter.
• Select the staircase drawn and make the mirror reflection and Place the created staircase by using move command.
• use the object snap to place it in right place.

  Creating Hand Rails :-

• Change the current layer to Handrail.
• Draw circle of diameter 40mm with 50mm offset from the top right edges of the first thread of staircase.
• Change the circle into a region.
• Extrude the region to a height of 600mm as shown in the figure.
• Draw a handrail stand at the bottom with dimension 40mm and extrude.
• Change the current layer to Handrail.
• Draw a polyline connecting all the top edges of handrails.
• Change the UCS to front.
• Draw a circle of diameter 50mm on top of the first handrail.
• Create a region of the circle drawn.
• Start Sweep command.
• Select the circle as object to sweep.
• Select the polyline drawn as path of sweep.
• Copy the same to the other side.

  Step 5 :- Creating Floors

• Type "rec" and press enter.
• Click on dimension and specify length as 17630mm and width as 5330mm.
• Type "O" and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 100mm and select the rectangle and make the offset outside.
• Type "BO" and press enter.
• Make the boundary and press enter.
• Type "extrude" and press enter now extrude the floor in 600mm in -ve Z-axis. to give a plinth depth.
• Give the floor thickness as 25mm.
• Type "m" and press enter and move the created floor and place that below the Ground floor 3d view created.

• Type "m" and press enter.
• Specify the object as the 3D staircase created.
• Use the object snap and place the 3D stairs to the 3D ground floor plan.

  Step 6 :- Giving colour and materials to different objects

• Use the "Colour faces" tools in the "Solid editing" toolbar.
• Provide the colours to different interior walls of the Floor.
• Use the "Material Browser" tool in "Visualize" tab and provide different materials to Doors, Windows, Floors, Satircase and Plinth level.

  Step 6 :- Creating Lights

• Goto "visualize" tab and select the "point light" tool.
• Place the Lights in different locations of the floor.
• Select all the lights and put them in the "light" layer.
• Turn the "light" layer off. 

  Creating Upper floor :-

• Repeat the same procedure as done in creating the ground floor.
• After creating the floor, use move command to place the floor above the groung floor.

  Step 7 :- Creating 3D Second Floor

• Use the Second floor plan view.
• Create the boundary by using "BO" command.
• Use the extrude command to make the wall elevation of 3600mm.
• Use the subtract command to create the window precision in the wall.
• Use copy command to copy the Staircase, windows and doors to put them in the 2nd floor.
• Create the Floor for the roof by using same procedure as used for creating floors.

   Step 8 :- Creating mumty wall and Outside Boundary

• Take the plan veiw as a reference and create the mumty wall.
• Give material to the the wall from material browser.
• Create the outside wall of the house and create a gate opening for the Main Gate.

• Final Prepared image of building :-

  Step 9 :- Rendering 

• After creating the 3D building and providing materials to it.
• Goto visualize tab.
• Set render quality to high.
• Start rendering.

  Result :-

  1)  Isometric SE view

  2) Staircase :-

  3)   Doors :-

  4) Rendered view 1

  5)  Rendered view 2