All the possible types of combustion simulations that can take place in ANSYS Fluent are briefly explained below: 1. Non-premixed combustion: Consider a diesel engine where the fuel is being injected just before the combustion starts, in this scenario the air and fuel might not get mixed properly as required. This is the…

Objective: To write a MATLAB script file to import an image, segment the image in order to isolate the desired object from its background and then use the MATLAB functions that come with the Image Processing Toolbox to determine the objects diameter. Introduction: Image Processing Toolbox is an application available for…

A graphics card used in a computer can be mainly divided into three parts. 1. Base or circuit board 2. Processor 3. Fins The only part of a graphics card that generates heat during its working is the processor which lies on top of the circuit board but below the fins. The fins are placed to provide efficient cooling for…

When the vehicle is in motion, rotating tyre tends to pick up stones and harmful particles and hurl them in all directions. A fender basically prevents any injuries to the pedestrians and contain the motion of such particles. While designing a fender, the designer emphasizes on the aesthetic appeal of the part. Whereas…

A Butterfly valve is a quarter-turn rotational motion valve, that is used to stop, regulate, and start flow. A butterfly valve has a disc which is mounted on a rotating shaft. When the butterfly valve is fully closed, the disk completely blocks the line. When the butterfly valve is fully opened, the disc is at a right…

  Hood of a car is also know as a bonnet. Different engineers have different purposes of hood. For some, it may serve as an aerodynamic component and for others it may be a place to strengthen the body of a car.  Inner panel of the hood is designed using the master sketch which was provided along with the outer…

Steps taken to create a casing: In sketch, draw a rectangle of 60mm length and 50mm breadth. Using TAB command, athickness of 1mm is provided. A rectangular part of 40mmx5mm is cut out from the sheet. A bend is created using BEND tool. Flange of 5mm is created using FLANGE tool. Use BREAK CORNER to blend the sharp edges.…

All the part models have been attached in a zip file.

The Otto cycle is a description of what happens to a mass of gas as it is subjected to changes of pressure, temperature, volume, addition of heat, and removal of heat. The mass of gas that is subjected to those changes is called the system. The system, in this case, is defined to be the air within the cylinder. The processes…

The global temperatures according to the data file are 300, 1000 and 5000. These values are extracted by using the \'strsplit\' function and then converting the string in to a number using \'str2num\' function. f1 = fopen(\'THERMO.dat\',\'r\'); for i=1:2 z = fgetl(f1) end global_temp = strsplit(z,\' \') global_min_temp…

In this project, two different sizes of mixing tee are being simulated under steady state conditions. During all the simulations, air is being used as a fluid. Hot air inlet is set at 298.15 K and cold air inlet is set at 283.15 K. By controlling the velocity of air at the inlet, mixing efficiency is being studied by determing…

Section modulus can be calculated using the formula S = I/y where, S = Section Modulus I = Moment of Inertia Y = distance between the nuteral axis and the extreme end of the object  Model 1: This image shows a section modulus analysis of a section of a hood.   Model 2: Improved Section Modulus This image shows…

MATLAB code to fit linear and cubic polynomial for the given Cp data is as follows: % Input data cp_data = load('data'); temperature = cp_data(:,1); cp = cp_data(:,2); % Curve fit for linear polynomial co_effs = polyfit(temperature,cp,1); predicted_cp = polyval(co_effs,temperature); % Plotting the curve fit w.r.t reference…

Hyundai’s Elite i20 is the best option for Mr. D.S. Pughazhyendhii. It offers a 4-cylinder, 1.4L turbocharged CRDi diesel engine at an astounding price of Rs.9.25 lakh (on-road, Bengaluru). This car is equipped with ABS, driver & passenger airbags and EBD systems which makes it a really safe car for a family.…

The figure below exhibits the motion of a pendulum bob suspended by a massless string from a fixed point. Let us consider, m = mass of the bob L = length of the string Equation for the damped motion of a pendulum is shown below. Where, b = damping coefficient g = gravitational force A program to simulate the above equation…

The genetic algorithm is a method for solving both constrained and unconstrained optimization problems that is based on natural selection, the process that drives biological evolution. The genetic algorithm repeatedly modifies a population of individual solutions. At each step, the genetic algorithm selects individuals…

Analysis of flow over a cylinder in ANSYS FLUENT is the main emphasis of this project. This project is divided under two cases. Complete simulation is divided into 5 steps. Geometry Meshing Setup Solution Result Step 1: Geometry 2D design created is converted to 3D by using the pull command. A hole created by simply deleting…

Roof sits on top of the passenger compartment of the car. It protects the passengers from sun, rain, wind and other external elements. It also protects the passengers from rollover crashes by increasing the stiffness and strength of the material used in roof. This is done by reinforcing the roof with various parts. Roof…

Four empirical models used for cyclone separator efficiency are: 1. Iozia and Leith logistic model is a modified version of Barth (1956) model which is developed based on force balance. The addition made by Iozia and Leith on the original Barth (1956) model are the core length zc and slope parameter β expression which…

The Rankine cycle is the fundamental operating cycle of all power plants where an operating fluid is continuously evaporated and condensed. The selection of operating fluid depends mainly on the available temperature range. The Rankine cycle operates in the following steps: 1-2-3 Isobaric Heat Transfer. High pressure…

CHT analysis allows the simulation of heat transfer between solid and fluid materials by exchanging thermal energy at the interface. For computational analysis, a mesh is required around the body to accurately identify the interfaces. CHT analysis can be used for the simulation of cooling and heating systems. In this project,…

Gate valves are primarily designed to start or stop flow, and when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum flow restriction are needed. In service, these valves generally are either fully open or fully closed. The disk of a gate valve is completely removed when the valve is fully open; the disk is fully drawn up into…

When the vehicle is in motion, rotating tyre tends to pick up stones and harmful particles and hurl them in all directions. A fender basically prevents any injuries to the pedestrians and contain the motion of such particles. While designing a fender, the designer emphasizes on the aesthetic appeal of the part. Whereas…

The image below shows the final assembly of a box with a lid. Sheet metal design in NX 11.0 is used to create this box assembly. Various functions from sheet metal design were used to create this box.  These various functions include TAB, FLANGE, MIRROR BODY, MIRROR FEATURE, DIMPLE, BEAD, HEM, CLOSED CORNER, BREAK…

The Ahmed Body is a simplified car, used in automotive field to investigate the flowanalysis and find the wake flow around the body. Its shape is simple enough to allow for accurate flow simulation but retains some important practical features relevant to automobile bodies. This model describes how to calculate the turbulent…

Objective: Geometry cleanup operation for 3 given models with given element criteria and assigning proper thickness. Geometry cleanup: Step 1: Import the CAD model in the HyperMesh software. Step 2: Clean up the edges depicting errors, overlapping surfaces and open edges. Edges with errors are red in colour and can be…

An underbody of a car is exposed to some extreme road conditions present especially in India. This causes the underbody of the car to suffer with corrosion much faster than any other part of the vehicle. Moreover, since it is hidden in plain sight, it is absolutely necessary to provide the underbody with some sort of anti-rust…

Practical CFD models based on the mathematical analysis of Rayleigh Taylor waves are Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI), Kelvin–Helmholtz instability and Plateau–Rayleigh instability. The Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) occurs when two fluids of different density are impulsively accelerated.…

The above diagram illustrates a 2R Robotic arm. A 2R robotic arm consists of two links. Both the links are connected to each other as shown in the figure. One end is connected to a base and the other is connected to a manipulator. The following program is used to simulate the forward kinematics of a 2R robotic arm. As…

A backdoor has been designed with the necessary reinforcements. CAD model has been attached under.

The contra-rotating propeller also known as counter rotating propeller cancels out the rotational air flow, pushing a maximum amount of air uniformly through the propeller disk, resulting in high performance and low induced energy loss. The concept for the project involves contra-rotating propeller but with different functionality.…

Objective: 1. The analysis runtime (Tstop) is changed to 55 ms.   2. The number of animation steps is decided as 45 given the minimum is 25 and maximum as 60. And the Tfreq is updated as 1.22 ms (Tfreq = Runtime / No.of Animation Steps)    The simulation is executed without any further changes,…

Objective: Analyzing different material law properties in Altair Radioss solver by conducting 7 different cases of rupture plate simulation and deciding the best suitable material law based on the given simulation scenario.   Case 1: /MAT/PLAS_JOHNS/ is used as the material model This law represents an isotropic…

Objective:  Comparision of the results of analysis of different contact interfaces of crash tube Using HyperMesh and HyperCrash.   Case 1: Running the crash tube model as it is.   No. of cycles: 83600 Energy error: -3.8% Mass error: 0.00 Von mises: Max value 7.4281E-01 , Min value 0.000E+00. Contact forces:…

Objective: Perform crash analysis on the frontal section of a BIW and obtain necessary results required. 1. Sectional force in the rails. 2. Axial force received on the rails from bumper. 3. Shotgun cross sectional forces. 4. Force on A-pillar cross section. 5. Acceleration curve from the base of B-pillar. 6. Intrusions…

Objective: Study the side-crash analysis on a model of a car and compute the following. Forces acting on the cross members at the floor of the vehicle. Deformation of hinge pillar, B-pillar and fuel tank in terms of displacement. Peak velocity achieved by the inner door. Setup: Step 1: Checking the unit system being implemented…

Objective: Study the roof crush analysis on a model of a car and check that the FMVSS 216 target load has been met. Setup: Step 1: Checking the unit system being implemented to the model. Open the starter file (_0000.rad) in to the notepad. As observed in the starter file, the unit system being implemented in this…

Objective: Perform CAD model check and implement meshing according to the required quality criteria. S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   5 2 Minimum Length  2 3 Maximum Length  7 4 Aspect  3 5 Warpage 15 6 Skewness 45 7 Jacobian  0.7 8 Minimum Quad Angle …

Objective: Perform CAD model check and implement meshing according to the required quality criteria. S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   1 2 Minimum Length  0.5 3 Maximum Length  3 4 Aspect  3 5 Warpage 15 6 Skewness 45 7 Jacobian  0.7 8 Minimum Quad Angle …

Objective: Perform CAD model check and implement meshing according to the required quality criteria. S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   4 2 Minimum Length  2 3 Maximum Length  6 4 Aspect  3 5 Warpage 15 6 Skewness 45 7 Jacobian  0.7 8 Minimum Quad Angle …

Objective: Perform CAD model check and implement solid meshing according to the required quality criteria. S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   1 2 Minimum Length  0.5 3 Maximum Length  2 4 Tetcollapse 0.2 Procedure: 1. Import the CAD model of a rear view mirror into…

Objective: Perform CAD model check and implement solid meshing according to the required quality criteria. S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   3 2 Minimum Length  1 3 Maximum Length  5 4 Tetcollapse 0.2 Procedure: 1. Import the CAD model of a intake manifold into…

Objective: Implement connections using different techniques on the rear door model. Procedure: 1. Import the FEA model of a rear door into ANSA interface. 2. Perform an initial geometry check and fix the errors if any. 3. We will begin adding connections by assigning bolts to the necessary holes. A 3D point is created…

Objective: Perform CAD model check, implement meshing according to the required quality criteria and provide required connections to the model. S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   5 2 Minimum Length  3 3 Maximum Length  7 4 Aspect  3 5 Warpage 15 6 Skewness 45…

Objective: Perform CAD model check and implement batch meshing, obtain mid surface using skin and casting according to the required quality criteria and compare the obtained results. S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   3 2 Minimum Length  1 3 Maximum Length  5 4 Aspect …

Objective: Perform CAD model check and implement morphing deck. Procedure: 1. Import the CAD model of the component into ANSA interface. 2. Perform an intial geometry check and fix the errors if any. 3. Visually check the orientation and rectify if any descrepancies arise. 4. A feature present in the model is morphed or…

Objective: Perform CAD model check and implement meshing according to the required quality criteria. S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   4 2 Minimum Length  2 3 Maximum Length  6 4 Aspect  3 5 Warpage 15 6 Skewness 45 7 Jacobian  0.7 8 Minimum Quad Angle …

Objective: Perform CAD model check, implement meshing according to the required quality criteria and provide required connections to the model. Quality Criteria for Tria Elements (Tyre and Rim):  S.No  Quality Criteria  Value  1 Target/Average length   6.5 2 Minimum Length  5 3 Maximum…

1. GT Suite is multiphysics CAE system simulation software. Modules available in GT-suite are: Flow: There are several components based on which the flow propagates. This medium helps in delivering the required matter to the mechanical components. The necessary parameters are tuned based on the medium we emphasise. Mechanical:…

Introduction: A spark-ignition engine (SI engine) is an internal combustion engine, generally a petrol engine, where the combustion process of the air-fuel mixture is ignited by a spark from a spark plug. A four-stroke spark-ignition engine is an Otto cycle engine. It consists of following four strokes:…

Objective: Explore the model of a DI engine and compare it with SI engine. Also, list down differences and change mass fuel burn to 50% and observe its impact on the performance. Case 1: Comparision of SI vs DI at 1800 RPM. SI engine model: DI engine model: Engine speed is adjusted to 1800 RPM for both the SI as well as…

Objective: To understand the basics of a turbocharger and simulate a 6-cylinder turbocharged DI engine and a 4-cylinder VGT engine and list down their working paramters. Basics of a turbocharger: A turbocharger uses engine exhaust energy to breathe more air into the combustion chamber for a more efficient engine operation.…

Objective: To build a FRM Model using following configuration:  Bore=102 mm; stroke=115 mm; CR=17 No of cylinder=6 CI engine Twin scroll turbine GT controller Run all cases Introduction: Fast Running Engine Models are dynamic, fully-physical engine models that are designed specifically to run fast. While high-fidelity…

Objective: To create an overview of 6 different types of lithium ion batteries and comparing them. Table of overiew:   Type Materials Chemical reactions Anode Cathode Electrolyte Anode Cathode Overall Lithium Cobalt Oxide(LiCoO2) — LCO Graphite Lithium Cobalt Oxide(LiCoO2) LiPF6 or similar lithium salt…

Problem statement: To perform CFD and thermal analysis on a battery pack. Suggest different cooling strategies (natural air cooling, forced air cooling and liquid cooling) based on simulation results and compare those strategies in other aspects such as cost, feasibility, complexity etc. Assumptions: - Consider cell placement…

Objective:  To simulate a model of generic battery under UDDS load cycle. Introduction: A generic battery model is used from the Simulink library database and configured using Samsung Datasheet for Li-ion type cell ( Samsung INR18650-25R). The battery cell used for the following simulation is as follows: Battery type:…

Objective: To create a simulink model of a FCEV and comment on results. Model: Block diagram given below represents the working of the Fuel Cell Powered Electric Vehicle:   The nominal Fuel Cell Stack voltage is 45Vdc and the nominal power is 6kW. The converter is loaded by an RL element of 6kW with a time constant…

Objective: Demonstrate the balancing of the weakest cell in the battery pack using Simulink model. Theory: Cell balancing is the process of equalizing the voltages and state of charge among the cells when they are at a full charge. No two cells are identical. There are always slight differences in the state of charge,…

Objective: Summarize thermal management techniques for electric car battery pack. Theory: A battery pack is one of the most important and expensive components that is used in a HEV, EV and PHEV. The batteries used fall in to the category of secondary type meaning that they are rechargeable and are all based on lithium…

Objective: Mechanical design of a 18kWh powered battery pack using ANR26650M1-B cells. Cell data: A123’s high-performance Nanophosphate lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery technology delivers high power and energy density combined with excellent safety performance and extensive life cycling in a lighter weight,…

Objective: To model and simulate a 10 cells in series lithium ion battery pack, analyze the thermal effects and compare its life cycle performance at various temperatures, charge & discharge rates using MATLAB. Theory: The lithium-ion batteries are widely used as energy sources in different hybrid and electric vehicle.…

Objective:  To design an American Chopper and rendering its each and every component.  Introduction: Project report is about designing of American Chopper - Components, Assembly using Solid works & Final Rendering of Assembly using Solid works Visualize and Photoview 360. Plan of action for designing an American…

OBJECTIVE: To design each and every component of Sunseeker Yacht by using solidworks and giving realistic look by Solidworks visualize. INTRODUCTION: A yacht is a sail or power vessel used for pleasure, cruising, or racing. There is no standard definition, so the term applies to such vessels that have a…

AIM:  Create a detailed MATLAB model of an electric rickshaw (three-wheeler passenger vehicle) as per details below:  Rear wheels driven by PM brushed type motor Assume efficiency points of motor controller and motor Make an excel sheet of all input and assumed data  ABSTRACT: In this project, we are going to build the…

Aim – To model an electric car vehicle using an Induction Motor & Lithium Ion battery from Powertrain Blockset. To check the performance of the system configuration, model parameters on areas like – Motor speed, Motor Torque, State of Charge, Battery voltage & current. To check whether the vehicle speed track at the given…