Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

Objective

The aim of the project is to create a list of reaction which occurs in the different types of lithium ion cells.

i) LCO

Chemistry -  Lithium Cobalt Oxide & Materials - Lithium, Cobalt oxide, Graphite.

Lithium ion batteries work by using the transfer of lithium ions and electrons from the anode to the cathode. At the anode, neutral lithium is oxidized and converted to Li+. These Li+ ions then migrate to the cathode, where they are incorporated into LiCoO2. This results in the reduction of Co(IV) to Co(III) when the electrons from the anode
reaction are received at the cathode.

Cathode reaction

These lithium ions migrate through the electrolyte medium to the cathode, where they are incorporated into lithium cobalt oxide through the following reaction, which reduces cobalt from a +4 to a +3 oxidation state :

                              Li1-xCoO2(s) + x Li+ + x e- --> LiCoO2(s)

Anode reaction

During discharge, lithium is oxidized from Li to Li+ (0 to +1 oxidation state) in the lithium-graphite anode through the following reaction

                                       C6Li --> 6 C(graphite) + Li+ + e-

ii) LMO

Chemistry -  Lithium Managanese Oxide & Materials - Lithium, Managanese oxide, Graphite.

Lithium-ion batteries work by using the transfer of lithium ions and electrons from the anode to the cathode. At the anode, neutral lithium is oxidized and converted to Li+. These Li+ ions then migrate to the cathode, where they are incorporated into LiMn2O4. This results in the reduction of Mn(III) to Mn(II) when the electrons from the anode
reaction is received at the cathode.

Cathode reaction

These lithium ions migrate through the electrolyte medium to the cathode, where they are incorporated into lithium cobalt oxide through the following reaction, which reduces cobalt from a +3 to a +2 oxidation state :

                              Li1-xMn2O4(s) + x Li+ + x e- --> LiMn2O4(s)

Anode reaction

During discharge, lithium is oxidized from Li to Li+ (0 to +1 oxidation state) in the lithium-graphite anode through the following reaction

                                       C6Li --> 6 C(graphite) + Li+ + e-

iii) NMC

Chemistry -  Lithium- Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide & Materials - Lithium, Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt oxide, Graphite.

Reactions which occur in the battery.

                             NiCO3 + MnCO3 + CoO3 + Li2CO3 + O2 → LiaNixMnyCozO2 + CO2

iv)  LFP

Chemistry - Lithium iron phosphate & Materials - Lithium, Iron, Phosphate.

Cathode reaction

These lithium ions migrate through the electrolyte medium to the cathode, where they are incorporated into lithium cobalt oxide through the following reaction, which reduces Iron from a +3 to a +2 oxidation state :

                              Li1-xFePO4(s) + x Li+ + x e- --> LiFePO4(s)

Anode reaction

During discharge, lithium is oxidized from Li to Li+ (0 to +1 oxidation state) in the lithium-graphite anode through the following reaction

                                       C6Li --> 6 C(graphite) + Li+ + e-

v) LTO

Chemistry - Lithium titanium oxide & Materials - Lithium, Titanium oxide.

 Cathode reaction

These lithium ions migrate through the electrolyte medium to the cathode, where they are incorporated into lithium cobalt oxide through the following reaction, which reduces Titanium from a +4 to a +3 oxidation state :

                                                Li7Ti5O12 + 2Li+ + + 2e- --> 4 Li9Ti5O12.

Anode reaction

During discharge, lithium is oxidized from Li to Li+ (0 to +1 oxidation state) in the lithium-graphite anode through the following reaction

                                       C6Li --> 6 C(graphite) + Li+ + e-