The aim of the soulution is to get a result of positions of the pendulum and the velocities at the obtained positions, by soliving the ODE for the simple pendulum. The ODE for the simple pendulum is given by : `[d^2(theta)]/dt+(b/m)(d(theta))/(dt)+(g/l)sin(theta)=0` To solve the second order ODE, we convert  it into…

1)The aim is t carry out a simulation on ADVISOR tool on the EV_defaults_in option. The objective is to find whether the vehicle can have a range of 45 km on the default parameters with the given energy source and 500 kgs of cargo mass for FTP drive cycle. To run the simulation, open the advisor tool and select the EV_deafults_in…

1) The objective is to simulate a generic battery model, for charge and discharge characterisitics using UDDS drive cycle data. UDDS stands for Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule. This data consists of the values of velocity of a vehicle at given time as per a certain driving style. The data is speed vs time plot. ---Importing …

The objective is to model a fuel cell powered electric vehicle using simulink. A fuel cell powered electric vehicle derives its power by converting energy stored in an electrochemical reaction into electrical energy. The fuel typically hydrogen is used to make a reaction with oxygen which yields water, electricity and…

------COULUMB COUNTING-------   Coulumb counting or Current integration is a method devised to track the state of charge (SOC) of a cell or a battery. A cell or a battery is characterised by the amount of power it can supply before it drains out. This power comes form the charges(electrons) stored in the battery.…

The cells at the fundamental level are just another thing manufactured by us for a purpose. Although the ingredients present might be the same, the methodologies used during manufacturing are same, there are always imperfections such as difference in quantity of electrode materials used, alterations in environmental conditions…

Lithium-ion cells performance depends on both the temperature and the operating voltage. Lithium-Ion cells work well when cells operate within limited voltage and temperature. Otherwise, damage will occur to the cells and will be irreversible. The BTMS should be equipped with four essential functions to ensure the right…

The battery pack being designed is made by using the cell ANR26650M1-B. The data sheet for the same is obtained here: https://datasheetspdf.com/pdf/1424845/A123Systems/ANR26650M1-B/1 The cell has a lithium iron phosphate (LiFepO4) chemisty. The following table gives the overiew of specifications of the cell. GEOMETRY OF…

1) Mapped model : A mapped model is based out on predefined lookup tables which are assigned with definite values obtained by experimenting and repeating the experiments. These models do not work on real time scenarios and depend on data from the lookup tables and provide results accordingly. As a result, these models…

Power converters are used in electric/hybrid vehicles to manipulates the form and magnitude of voltage and current fed from and to the vehicle. - DC/DC converter - This converts one value of DC voltage into other value of DC voltage ( increase/ decrease) . AC/DC converter ( rectifier) - These convert AC voltage into regulated…

1) Matlab Demo of ‘Speed control of a DC motor using BJT H-bridge’. The BJTs H bridge circuit is used for changing the direction of the motor and controlling the power supplied to motor based on fast switching semiconductor devices functioning. The switches in the above figure are controlled by simulink…

1)weight terminologies- Standard empty weight -The weight of an empty airplane including unusable fuel, full operating fluids (hydraulic fluids) and full engine oil.   Basic empty weight - Standard Empty Weight plus optional equipment. This is the starting point of weight and balance calculations.   Useful load-…