Simulation of forward kinematic 2R robotic arm. clear all close all clc % robotic arm linkage % inputs l1=2 l2=1 % cordinates theta1=linspace(0,90,10); theta2=linspace(0,90,10); ct=1 for i=1:length(theta1) THETA1=theta1(i); for j=1:length(theta2) THETA2=theta1(j); x0=0; y0=0; x1=l1*cosd(THETA1); y1=l1*sind(THETA1); x2=x1+l2*cosd(THETA2);…

*SOLVING SECOND ORDER DIFFERINCAL EQUATION   clear all close all clc b=0.05; g=9.81; l=1; m=1; %initial condition theta_0=[0;3]; %time points t_span=linspace(0,20,500); % solve ode [t,results]= ode45(@(t,theta) ode_func(t,theta,b,g,l,m),t_span,theta_0); % plotting figure(1) hold on plot(t,results(:,1)) plot(t,results(:,2))…

* GENETIC ALGORITHM A genetic algoritham (GA) is used to solve both constrain and un constrained optimization problems based on natural selection proces that minize the biological evalution. at each step the genetic algoritham  randomly select individuals from current population and uses them as a parents to produce…

* PARSEING THE NASA THERMODYNAMIC DATA FILE AND CALCULATING THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF VARIOUS GAS SPECIES. PROGRAM close all clear all clc file=fopen('THERMO.dat','r') %reading the nasa thermo data file line1=fgetl(file) % heading of data line2=fgetl(file) % global temp value comment1=fgetl(file) %comments comment2=fgetl(file)…

  USING THE CENTRAL DIFFERENCE METHOD: IN central difference method numerical stencil will be    (i-2)  (i-1)  (i)  (i+1)  (i+2) for fourth order approximation at point (i) we have to take information from both side right& left and the distance between them will be ∆x. our hypothesis…

INTRODUCTION: The two dimensional heat conduction equation have both time deravative and space deravative. we can solve it by two approch 1 steady state equation in this the rate of change of temp remains 0. therefore the time deratavie is equated to zero 2 transient state equation in this the both term are consider …

SIMULATION OF 1D SUPERSONIC FLOW NOZZLE USING MACROMAC METHOD:   *NON CONSERVATION FORM OF GOVERNING EQUATION: CONTINUITY EQUATION MOMENTUM EQUATION ENERGY EQUATION All the variables are non dimensional form. initial condition CONSERVATION FORM OF GOVERNING EQUATION COUNTIUNITY EQUATION MOMENTUM EQUATION ENERGY EQUATION…

HERE IS THE BOUNDARY CONDITION SPECIFICATION: PROCEDURE: So to start the simulation processwe need to start the terminal after starting we can see window here we have to simulate our problem 1 start with 'tut' its a tutorial short commandin openfoam tutorial directory here we need to type 'ls' which means list of tutorials…

  FLOW PHYSICS: Let us consider fluid entering a circular pipe with uniform velocity. the fluid particles or more precisely the fluid layer in contact with the wall surface will come to a complete sto resulting in zero velocity. this is because of no slip condition at the wall surface this layer also causes the fluid particles…

WEDGE BOUNDARY CONDITION: The wedge boundary condition is used in computational fluid dynamics to define an axis symmetry situation. The model and flow must be axis symmetry alomg a central line such that all physical variables of the flow have the same value and distribution at a given radius for all angles. this boundary…

To simulate the flow of air through mixing tee and to understand the effect of length of pipe and momentum ratio of velocity of mixing of air by using two different types of pipe short tee pipe and long tee pipe in industrial process mixing is performed to allow heat and mass transfer to occur between one or more streams…

vortex shedding: vortex shedding is an oscilating flow that take place when a fluid such as air or water flows past a bluff body at certain velocities depending on the size and shape of the body. in this flow vortices are created at the back of the body and detach periodically from either side of the body forming a von…

AHMED BODY AND ITS IMPORTANCE: The ahmed body is a simplified car body used in the automotive field to study the impact of the flow pattern on the drag the external aerodynamic of the car defines many major traits of an automobile like stability, comfort, and fuel consumption at high speeds. the flow around the vehicle…

  USED OF CHT ANALYSIS Conjugate heat transfer is the phenomena of simulating heat transfer in both the fluid flow to solid heat transfer. i simunltenously solves all revelent flow process wquation. efficiently combining heat transfer in fluid and solids in the key to designing effective coolers , heaters, heat exchangeers.…

    * What are some practical CFD models that have been based on the mathematical analysis of Rayleigh Taylor waves? The rayleigh taylor in stability is an instability of an interfance between two fluids of different densities which occurs when the lighter fluid is pushing the heavier fluid. examples include…

THEORY: In this project a steady state conjugate heat transfer analysis oon a graphic card has become an everyday used object and a very important part of any computer system, laptops etc. this product is mass produced daily in millions and has made computers exceptionally efficient as they consume electricity to operates…

  CYCLONE SEPARATOR: Cyclone sepatator or simply cyclone are separation devices that use the principle of inertia to remove particulate matter from flue gases. cyclone separators is one of many air pollution removers known as precleaners since they generally remove large pieces of particular matter. this present finer…

THEORY: A gate valve also known as a sluice value is a valve that opens by lifting a barrier out of the path of the fluid gats valves required very little space along the pipe axis and hardly restrict the flow of fluid when the gate is fully opened. the gate faces can be parallel but are most commonly wedge shaped in order…

  COMBUSTION: Burning in a high temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized often gaseous products in a mixture termed as smoke. combustion does not always result in fire because a flame is only visible when substances undergoing combustion…

  GEOMETRY SETUP: Go to geometry editing toolbox>create>shape>box here we can enter the value of center and dimensions of dx,dy,dz to create the geometry.   After that in the geometry toolbaox slect boundary>flag>slect ion. as new window nameb boundary will appear and create the number of boundaries…

 PROCEDURE: CREATING GEOMETRY: * go into the create > vertex create the points as per the dimension neede and after that go into the traingles connect them using the options from vertex onces the 2d is drawn copy it or ofset it in z-direction.   check the normals and run the diagonis and make sure everything is clear and…

 PROCEDURE: step:1 importing the geometry and modifing the geometry suitable for smulation. By using the boundary fence  option the outer layer is removed so that the free edges are poped and then it is rectified as using patch command. final geometry redy for simulation: step:2  After that give the boundaries once the…

GEOMETRY: Throttlr valve fitted inside is created in solidworks and then it is imported as . STL file in CONVERGE studio. CASE SETUP: MATERIAL : AIR SOLVER TYPE: SIMULATION PARAMETER: BOUNTARY CONDITION: INLET: OUTLET: BODY WALL: THROTTLE : PROFILE CONFIGUATION: TURBULENCE MODELING: Rng k-e MESH SIZE: 2e-3m in X,Y,Z direction…

What is shock wave? Like an ordinary wave a shock wave carries energy and can propagate through a medium but is characterized by an abrupt, nearly discountinous , change in pressure ,temperature, and density of the medium. because of this, shock waves propagate in a manner different from that of ordinary acoustic waves.…

GEOMETRY: The geometry was imported to converge CFD and geometry clean up was done. inside it extra traingle is deleted. *Created as General flow *Material- Air , gas simulation , global transport as default. *Simulation parameters- Transient , full hydrodynamic , compressible. *Simulation time parameter- 0sec to 0.003…

Introduction: CONJUGATE HEAT TRANSFER: The term conjugate heat transfer (CHT) is used to describe processes which involves variation of temperature within solid and fluids due to thermal interaction between the solid and fluid. the exchange of thermal energy between the two physical bodies is called study of heat transfer…

    INTRODUCTION: TYPES OF FLUID FLOW Fluid can be split into three types- -laminar flow -transient flow -turbulrnce flow The type of flow can be determined by using the rynolds number. a low reynolds corresponds to laminar flow where the flow is in an orderly manner and parametrs like pressure and velocity remain…

INTRODUCTION: SURFACE PREPARATION AND BOUNDARY FLAGGING. It is very important steps before we go case setup. these terms are related to converge software only in CFD domain we can call surface preparation as geometry clean up. in simple language, surafce preparation is process to detect the error in CAD model and solve…

OBEJCTIVE: To import the CAD model of engine in converge Software and check for errors. To set up the case with proper grid size, material and boundary conditions. To solve the case using suitable solver and convert the result for Paraview software. To import output files in Paraview and generate required contours and…

Aim= surface meshing of pressure valve with different target length. target length= 1mm, 3mm, 5mm. element type=Tria   steps: -import the geometry from the cad model. -First we do is the topo clean up in that we check the single cons and triple cons in the model. single cons are cons tat are shared with one surface…

AIM: For given model of an turbocharger check for the geometric errors to make appropriate volumes. create and assign PIDs accordingly also create surface mesh and use that to create volumetric mesh. OBJECTIVE: -Performing surface mesh with given target length as per PIDs. blade stage 1 = 1mm blade stage 2 = 1mm …

AIM: To learn about surface wrapping around an assembly, which is surface meshing along the entire volume. For the given model we need to do topo clean up and merge all the 3 components and then perform meshing  The CAD models to which can be found here. ENGINE GEARBOX TRANSMISSION Target length = 3mm   INTRODUCTION:…

In this project, a Tesla Cybertruck in a wind tunnel will be meshed in ANSA. The geometry has multiple errors, these errors will be fixed. The mesh's element's lengths are same for each component of the geometry, but the mesh will be generated separately. The mesh length specifications are: Body - 5 mm Lights - 5 mm Rims…

  Compression Ignition (CI) Engine The compression ignition engine is an internal combustion engine that uses temperature increase during the compression stroke as a source to ignite the fuelcharge (fuel-air mixture). This is also called auto-ignition. These engines are always fuel injected.Air is drawn into the cylinder…

Model - 1  ansa file link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LCjSi4ckzHPskS1_WRs7KNEeH_JYKivR/view?usp=share_link model - 2 ansa file link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HFzLQRBHpqbTlHjnMyT21IZ3i-HgCM4X/view?usp=share_link  

Model - 1  ansa file link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LCjSi4ckzHPskS1_WRs7KNEeH_JYKivR/view?usp=share_link model - 2 ansa file link: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HFzLQRBHpqbTlHjnMyT21IZ3i-HgCM4X/view?usp=share_link  

Procedure:  First of all we do topo and set the length perimeters to 1mm for good visibility. To get into perfect shape go into perimeter length set it to 1mm and then press ok & also do the topo clean up. Perform geometry clean up till zero error. Use auto fix option to solve geometry errors: Now, we will start…

METHODOLOGY Import the CAD Geometry and do Geometry clean-up with no topological error. Assign the property ID (PID) Setup Quality criteria and generate mesh. Assign closed volume for the given geometry. Generate volumetric unstructured mesh.   INTRODUCTION:      Intake Manifold is the part…

THEORY: PROJECT METHODOLOGY:  1. MID SURFACE: Auto mid surface has been used to extract the midsurface for this simple bracket. Components has been created and assigned to the particular mid surfaces. 2. ASSIGN MATERIAL: Create material. Here I have created a material and assigned to steel.  …

AIM: To extract the mid surface of the given component individually, mesh the obtained mid surface, and assign the thickness. The given model has to be imported and auto cleanup has to be done on the component then the mid surface has to be extracted from the components and have to be meshed individually with an average…

AIM: Mesh the backdoor model as per the given quality criteria using Hypermesh. OBJECTIVE:  Extract the mid surface Geometry cleanup Meshing given hood model using the given quality criteria checks Good mesh flow. Assign thickness  PROCEDURE : Import the component and click F to see the component in the GUI area as shown…

Aim :- Meshing of Rear Wheel Holder with mentioned quality criteria. OBJECTIVE:  Extract the mid surface Geometry cleanup Meshing given door model using the given quality criteria checks Good mesh flow. Assign thickness PROCEDURE : Import the component and click F to see the component in the GUI area as shown below. As…