Fender Design Challenge

                                                                                 FRONT FENDER

FENDER IS THE TERM USED IN UNITED STATES FOR THE PART OF AN AUTOMOBILE (VEHICLE BODY) THAT FRAMES  OR COVERS A WHEEL WELL.

WHEEL WELL IS THE SPACE OF THE AUTOMOBILE UNDER THE FENDER WHERE THE WHEEL HAS SPACE TO TURN.WHEEL WELL TEND TO BE MUCH LARGER THAN THE DIAMETER OF THE TIRE BECAUSE THEY DO NOT MOVE WITH THE TIRE SUSPENSION AND CONSEQUENTLY MUST BE LARGE ENOUGH TO ALLOW THE FULL RANGE OF MOTION TO THE WHEEL WITHOUT TOUCHING THE INTERIOR..

WHEN VEHICLE IS MOVING, TIRES PICK UP THE STONE , MUD ,DIRT AND THROW THEM IN ALL DIRECTIONS . FENDERS ARE BASICALLY TO CONTAIN THE MOTION OF THE PARTICLES AND PREVENT SAFETY TO THE PEDESTRIANS.

THERE ARE DIFFERENT REASONS WHY THERE ARE REQUIREMENT OF FENDERS IN THE AUTOMOBILE .ONE OBIVIOUS REASONS ARE TO IMPROVE THE AESTETHICS OF THE VEHICLE. FENDERS ALSO ENHANCE THE AERODYNAMICS OF THE VEHICLE .

ASIDE FROM CARS, THEY ARE ALSO PRESENT ON THE OTHER VEHICLES,INCLUDING TRUCKS,MOTORCYCLES ANDE OTHER VEHICLES. THESE PANELS  ARE MAINLY CALLED FENDERS BECAUSE THEY ARE USED TO LITERALLY FEND OFF ALL THE ATTACKS OF THE ROAD DEBRIS.

IT IS THE BODY KIT INSTALLED ON THE RIGHT SIDE AND THE  LEFT SIDE OF THE VEHICLE.USUALLY ATTACHED TO THE WHEEL ARCHES.

THESE BODY WAS GIVEN A NAME DESCRIBES ITS INTENDED PURPOSES QUITE WELL, NOT JUST HOW THEY LOOK. FENDERS ACTUALLY GUARD THE VEHICLE AGAINST THE DIFFERENT TYPE OF DEBRIS THAT FLY OFF FROM THE ROAD. THEY ARE JUST THAT DEFENDERS  OF THE ROAD DEBRIS.

 FENDER SHOULD BE FIRM AND RIGID

  ITS PRIMARY PURPOSE IS TO PREVENT SAND ,MUD ,DIRT, LIQUID AND OTHER ROAD PARTICLES TO THROW IN AIR BY THE ROTATING WHEELS WHILE THE VEHICLE IN MOTION. TO GIVE THESE KIND OF SAFETY FENDER SHOULD BE FIRM AND RIGID. IF WE USE OUR CAR ON ROUGH ROADS EVERYDAY IT WILL GET CONTINOUNSLY ATTACKED BY THE DEBRIS OF THE ROADS AND WE WILL END UP BY DAMAGED FENDER. 

MUD AND DIRT ,SAND, STONE WILL ALSO ADHERE TO THE SMOOTH RUBBERS OF THE TIRES. OTHER PARTICLES LIKE STONE CAN TEMPORARY EMBEDED THEMSELVES INTO THE THREAD OF THE TIRE.

AS WE DRIVE THE CAR THESE PARTICLES CAN BE EJECTED FROM THE THREAD AND TIRES SURFACE AT HIGH VELOCITY. AND AS TIRES ROTATE , DUE TO THIS ROTARY MOTION AT HIGH VELOCITY , THESE PARTICLES ARE THROWN IN THE AIR AND COME IN THE PATH OF THE PEDESTRIANS OR IN THE FRONT OF THE  OTHER VEHICLE ON THE ROAD OR IN THE INNER SECTION OF THE CAR.

HOUSING FOR WHEELS

WE CAN SAY THAT FENDERS ARE THE HOUDSINGD=S FOR WHEELS THAT CONTAIN OR CONTROL ROAD DEBRIS .IF THERE IS NOTHINGTHAT COVERS YOUR WHEEL  ROAD PARTICLES WILL ALWAYS FLY AROUND WHEN WE DRIVE THE CAR.

THIS IS WHY VEHICLES WITH BIG CVERSIZED TIRES ARE REQUIRED BY LAW TO INSTALL NOT JUST FENDERS BUT ALSO FENDER FLARES. FENDER FLARES AARE BODY KITS THAT WE CAN ATTACH OVER THE FENDERS OF OUR VEHICLE.

HOW FENDERS CAN OFFER PROTECTION

DURING IN MOTION THE TIRES ENERGY EJECTS THESE FOREIGN MATTERS INTO THE AIR AT HIGH VELOCITIES . AS THIS THING IS HAPPENING , THE MOISTURE AND DEBRIS THAT FKY IN THE AIR CAN CAUSE THE FOLLOWING TO HAPPEN.

. GET OTHER VEHICLES OR PEDDESTRIANS ON THE ROAD SIDE DIRT

.HURT PEDESTRIANS

.SCRATCH THE BODIES OF OTHER VEHICLES 

.CAUSE MINOR , AND EVEN MAJOR DAMAGE TO OTHER VEHICLE.

THESE ARE THE SOME REASONS WHY OUR CAR SHOULD HAVE A FENDERS.

TYPES OF FENDERS

WE NOWDAYS USE HALF BUMPER TYPE FENDER BECAUSE WHILE MAKING FULL BUMPER TYPE FENDER WE NEED A BIG SHEET OF BLANK SIZE BUT IN THE HALF BUMPER TYPE FENDER WE REQUIRED LESS BLANK SIZE SHEET .AND BY INCREASING BLANK SIZE WE CAN MAKE 2 FENDERS AT SAME TIME .BY DOING THIS WE HAVE HIGH POSSIBILTY THAT WE CAN REDUCE THE SCRAP THAT WE WASTE AND PROVIDE A GOOD QUALITY FENDER IN THE CHEAP PRICE. 

 AND THESE ALSO MAKE US TO USE SOME PORTION OF PLASTICS AND BY WE AN REDUCE THE USE OF STEEL.THAT RESULT IN REDUCING THE STEEL WEIGHT AND ALSO IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE VEHICLE.

 MOUNTINGS

THERE ARE 5 MOUNTINGS IN THE FENDER. THEY ARE 

. DRIP 

.BODY

.A PILLAR

.SILL

.COWL

                                                                              DRIP AREA

DRIP AREA IS THE MOST IMPORTANT  AND MAJOR MOUNTINGS. DRIP AREA IS THE REGION WHERE IT GETS COME IN THE CONTACT WITH THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT.WE BASICALLY USED FASTENERS BECAUSE THE FASTENERS REGION ARE ANYWAYS CLOSED.

THE DESIGN CONSIDERATION OF DRIP AREA IS SAME FOR ALL THE CARS.

THE MATERIAL IS USED IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE DESIGN ONSIDERATION IS USED BY AN OEMS.AND THIS HAVE MANY DESIGN CONSTRAINTS TO BE FOLLOW.

STUDY OF DRIP AREA  

THE FIRST MAJOR THING WE SHOULD HAVE IN OUR MIND IS THE GAP FROM THE FRONT END OF THE FENDER AND THE REAR END OF THE FENDER.

AS WE KNOW THAT AT THE REAR END OF THE FENDER ID THE COWL TOP PART WHERE THE WIPER IS FIXED .. AND TO OPERATE THE WIPER WE HAVE MOTOR AND ALL THE INSTRUMENTS. ..TO HAVE A PROPER SPACE FOR ALL THIS MOUNTING WE SHOLD MAINTAIN A DISTANCE FROM REAR END OF THE FENDER MINIMUM OF 200mm .

AND SIMILIARLY WE KNOW THAT AT THE FRONT END WE HAVE THE HEADLAMPS.. TO SUFFICIENTLY PLACE THIS HOUSIONG UNIT WE HAVE A DISTANCE MINIMUM OF 150mm. FROM THE FRONT END OF THE FENDER.

 AND DRIP ARREA LENGTH IS DEFINED FROM THE LENGTH OF THE FENDER.WE DONT HAVE A PREDEFINED LENGTH OF THE DRIP AREA

 TO MAKE THE DRIP AREA WE HAVE A MASTER SECTION.

 FROM THE STARTING POINT WE GO DEEP AS MINIMUM OF  9 mm AND OPEN THIS ANGLE FROM 3 DEGREE .. AND WHY WE SHOULD USE 3 DEGRREE AS OPENING ANGLE. AS BECAUSE OF THE DRAWING PURPOSE .. IF IT IS LESS THAN 3 DEGREE ..LET IF TIT STRAIGTH IT IS HARD FROM THE PRODUCTION PURPOSE.. AND WE MAKE ANOTHER OPENING OF 3 DEGREEE...AS TO PREVENT THE VISIBILITY INSIDE THE PANEL.. AND AFTER THIS WE HAVE THIS DRIP AREA VALUE OF SOMETHING 30 TO 40 . AND WHY THIS VALUE IS 30 TO 40 AS THAT THE TOOL WORK PROPERLY . AND TO MAKE TOOL PROPRLY WE SHOULD MINIMUM HAVE 200 mm . FROM THE HOOD.

AND THE LAST AREA THAT IS MADE IS TO GIVE STRENGTH AS WE KNOW THAT THE EMBOSSED OR BEND GIVE MORE STRENGTH THAN THE SIMPLE . BUT WE HAVE TO KEEP IN MIND WE DONT HAVE ANY PARTS IN THE 10 mm DISTANCE FRFOM THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT.

 AND THE VALUE SHOULD NOT EXCEED 60mm. AS IF WE HAVE MORE THAN 60MM THERE IS A CHANCE OF THE SPRINGBACK EFFFECT .. WHAT IS SPRINGBACK EFFECT IS IT PRODUCE VIBRETIONS WHEN THE VEHICLE IS MOVING.

 IF WE REMEMBER THE SIDE REFERENCE POINT OF THGE HOOD ...THE DISTANCE FROM SIDE REFRENCE POINT TO THE END OF THE FENDER IT SHOULD NOT BE MORE THAN 47.5 MM. AND THIS ALSO PLAYS A ROLE IN THE PEDETRIANS SAFETY AS HERE WRAP AROUND DISTANCCE PLACE A ROLE.

THESE ARE ALL CRITICAL VALUES WHILE DESIGNING THE DRIP AREA OF THE FENDER .

THESE ARE THE MOUNTING THAT ARE USED TO MOUNT IT WITH THE ENGINE COMPARTMENT.

THESE ARE THE DARTS MADE TO GIVE STRENGTH TO THE DRIP AREA.

WHEN WE DESIGN THE DRIP AREA WE WILL ALSO MAKE SURE THAT THE CURVATURE IS SMOOTH SO THAT THE PRODUCIBILITY IS EASY AND THERRE IS NO STRESS CONCENTRATION... WHICH MAKE THE PART WEAK AT THAT PARTICULAR AREA.  

                                                                              BUMPER MOUNTINGS

THE BUMPER MOUNTING REFERENCE IS DIRECTLY TAKE FROM THE BUMPER THAT WE HAVE HAVE IN THE STYLING. AND AFTER MAKING THE BUMPER MOUNTING IT IS TAKEN BY THE BUMPER ENGINEER AND AFTER HE WILL PREPARE THE MOUNTINGS ACCORDINGLY.

THESE ARE THE MOUNTINGS WHICH CONNECT THE FENDER TO THE BUMPER.

                                                                                A PILLAR MOUNTING

THESE ARE THE MOUNTING DESIGNED TO JOIN THE FENDER WITH THE A PILLAR .

MOUNTED BY FASTENERS AND THESE FASTENERS ARE COVERED BY THE ORVM (OUTER REAR VIEW MIRROR).

                                                                                SILL MOUNTING

THESE ARE THE MOUNTING GIVEN TO JOIN THE FENDER AND THE SILL. SILL IS THE PART OF A CAR FRAME AT TEH BOTTOM OF THE DOORS.

SILL PLATES  ARE ESSENTIALLY PLACED  IN CARS TO PROTECT THE DOOR FRAMES FROM WEAR AND TEAR .