Week 1 Challenge

1 – What is the full form of OEM ?  

              The full form of OEM is Original Equipment Manufacturer.

2 – How the Design Responsibility  goes in Automotive

• Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM)
• Tier 1 Suppliers
• Tier 2 and Subsequent Suppliers

 

3 – Name some Tire 4 Supplier and what they Manufacture?

 This is indirect suppliers that are further removed from the OEM, such as those that supply raw materials or individual parts. 

Eg; Rubber, steel, nuts, bolts, upholstery, leather, glass and other raw materials.

MISUMI:- Nuts and bolts and other hardware materials

ASHI GLASS INDIA: Glass MAnufacture

Sandhar Rubber: Rubber Manufacture

 4 – When was the first Car Made?

First car made in 1886.

5- What kind of Seats are used in the first Car?

Wooden seat

6 – Define 3D reference System?

The 3D reference seat is used to locate the all component of the vechicle in automotive.This can be varies based on the OEMs.

7 – Why 3D reference System is needed ?

3D reafference system or global reference system can help designer out with locating a particular part among the ample of the parts as a designer if we’ll have to work on a single part first thing, we need to locate itself first in here the 3d reference system playing a role. And we can easily identify a particular component among the number of components and work on that and we can define the work volume, center line of vehicle and sgrp as well.

8) What is X Plane and, in a Car, what is positive “x”? 

X-plane is the Vertical longitudinal plane which split the vehicle in two equal half.This Plane is perpendicular to Y-axis.

The positive X-axis when we go from front to rear end of the vehicle.

9 – What is “Zero Plan”?

The Plane of the point where the one of the cordinate is "0".

This plane is different from OEM to OEM.

10 – Define Point of origin?

The point of origin is where all three plane intersect. This point is know as point of origin. This may lie on hood, Bumper.

11 – Where Most OEM Point of Origin  keep ?

In many cases it will be on front bumper or roof, it can be differed from one oem to other and individual platforms.  

12 – Difference between Work Line and Grid Lines ?

Work Line-  Work line is located in the individual part of the the vehicle. This line be used by TIER-1,2 suplliers.This is not neccery that it is 100mm apart.This line is used to project the part of the different view. Work line generally not to parallel to grid line.

Grid line-Grid line is form from the intersection of plane. This line 100mm apart form eachother. This line be used by OEM to locating the exact postion of the part.This line basically package and locate the object.This is also refer as the "BODY LINE".

13 – Are Work Line and Grid Lines are inter connected?

No, work lines and grid lines are not necessarily interconnected in all cases. It depends on the specific context and purpose of their usage.

14 -  What is Body Position?

Body position is referring where all the components should be located in to the vehicle with respect to body. 

15 – When a Car comes out of  OEM Yard ,Seat will be at what position?

Positive X direction. 

16 – How Center Line is used in terms of Car Design ?

Center line is longitudinal axis which is divides the car as two halves and it’s falling from the top to bottom from front bumper to rear bumper then the right side of itself does have positive values and the left side of itself does have negative values. 

17 – Usually Center Line is Placed at  _between two haves______?

18 – What is Positive Z Direction ?

• Positive direction is the rear side of the car .

19 – What is Positive Y Direction ?

As we know that Vertical center plane divide the car into two half along the longitudinal. So when right side of the center plane is the  Positive Y direction.

20 – What is LHD and RHD?

• LHD means left hand drive system which is much familiar in Europe and American countries. 
•  RHD which means right hand driving is very known thing in Asian countries. 

21 – A Driver driving a Car in US will be sitting which side of Car?

LHD-LEFT HAND DRIVE

22 – Driver in US is in Negative__Y Direction..

23 – A Indian Cab Driver went to USA and started driving a Car, which side of the Car he will be sitting?

LEFT hand side

24-  I opened the Door of my Car and saw my room keys on center console , so my keys are _"located"____ against the Door.

25 – Belt Buckle attached on the _left____Side of the Seat.

26-The Recliner handle is placed __right____side of the seat.

27 – Inboard/Outboard is a __center line_____ based system.

2 8 – IB:_In -board_____,  OB _out -board______

29 – Going from rear bumper to forward is _Fore_____ Movement.

30 – C- Pillar to B – Pillar movement is ____Fore____ Movement.

31 – A aft movement of seat is___negative __ X Movement

32 – Volume wise which country produce max number of Cars ?

China 

China ranks as the number one producer of cars by volume, many of which are sold domestically.

33 – Volume wise production please place all OEM in global?

China has produced max number of car. According to 2022 report below is the data of car production units.

34 – Which country India will replace in next 10 year in term of Volume production ?

Japan

35 - Volume wise production please place all OEM in India?

36 – Name Countries which follow LHD Drive ?

161 countries follow the right hand drive system. eg: 

Afghanistan, Aland Islands (Finland), Algeria, American Samoa (US) , Andorra,
Angola (1928), Argentina, Armenia, Aruba (Netherlands), Austria (1936), Azerbaijan, Bahrain (1978), Belarus,

Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, British Indian Ocean Territory, Burkina Faso,
Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China,

Colombia, Comoros, Congo Brazaville, Congo Kinshasa,  Costa Rica, Cote D' Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El salvador, Equatorial Guinea,
Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, French Guyana, French Polynesia, Gabon, Gambia,

Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Gibraltar, Greece, Guadloupe, Guam, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Haiti, Honduras,  
Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea-North, Korea-South,  Kuwait, Krgyzistan, Laos,
Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lybia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Lybia, Luxembourg,  Macedonia, Madagascar, Mali,

Marshal Islands, Martinique, Mauritania, Mayote, Mexico, Micronesia, Midway Atoll, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia;
Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles,  New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria,
Northeren Mariana Island, Norway, Palau, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Phillipines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar,
Reunion, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Pierre & Miquelon, san marino, Sao Tome & Principe, saudi arabia, Senegal,
Serbia and Montenegro, Sierra Leone, Slovakia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan, Svalbard (Norway), Sweden, Switzerland, Syria,

Taiwan, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United States, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu,
Vatican City, Venezuela, Vietnam,  Wake Island (US), Wallis & Futuna (France), Western sahara, Yemen.

37 - Name Countries which follow RHD Drive ?

75 countries follow the Right hand drive.

Eg:-Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, East Timor, Hiong Kong, Indonesia, India, Japan, Macau,   malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, Sri lanka, Thailand,Botswana, kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Ugana, Zambia, Zimbabwe  Australia, Christmas Island(Australia), Cocos Islands (Australia), Cook Islands (New Zealand), Fiji, Kirbati, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue,Norfolk Island(Australia),
Papua new Guinea, Pitcairn Islands (UK), Solomon Islands, Tokelau(New Zealand), Tonga Tuvalu,Cyprus, Guensey (UK), Ireland, Isle of Man(UK), Jersey(UK), Malta, United Kingdom,Anguilla (UK), Antigua and Barbados, Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands(UK), Cayman Islands (UK), Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Monsterrat (UK), Saint Kitts and Navis, Saint Lucia,  Saint Vincent and teh Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Turks and Caico Islands (UK), Virgin Islands (US) 

 

1.What is Eyellipse and how it important from OEM purpose ?

It is combining word of eye and ellipse and this word refers the interior and exterior visibility of the driver. Eyellipse applications include rearview mirror size and placement, wiped and defrosted areas, pillar size and location, and general exterior field of view.It allows the view incomming vehicle.To view internal gauges and instrument.

2.Draw the complete Eyellipse Zone in a OEM environment ?

3.What is E – Point ?

E point are two point refer to  left and right eye of a driver.To calculate eyellipse and there will be a 65 mm of gap between of both and this value will be match with 95% of population .

4.What is P – Point ?

This also used by oem’s to calculate the eyellipse so this point refers the pivot point of neck. 

5.Correlation between E Point and P Point ?

P-point is 98mm away from the center point from the center point from the eyellipse. Both these point helps to calculate the eyellipse of the occupant.

6.Eyellipse calculation as per E – Point and P – Point ?

The eyellipse calculation is used in vehicle design and ergonomics to determine the acceptable range of driver eye locations while operating a vehicle. It helps ensure that drivers have an unobstructed view of the road and critical vehicle controls.

The eyellipse is typically defined using two key points: the E-point (eye reference point) and the P-point (pivot point). The E-point represents the driver's eye location, usually taken as the midpoint of the driver's eye height. The P-point represents the pivot point, which is the center of rotation of the driver's head.

7.What is full form of “SgRP” ?

SgRP-Seating Reference point

8.What is H – Point ?

The intersection point between torso line and thigh line.It is the theoretical point for which we have to calculate the other aspect of the seat design. This point used by TIER-1 supplier. Sgrp and H-point is same. Sgrp point is used by the OEM.

9.Difference between “SgRP” and “ H – Point “ ?

The H-point is the theoretical, relative location of an occupant's hip. It is the pivot point between the torso and upper leg portions of the body.

SgRP point  seating reference point means a design point defined by the vehicle manufacturer for each seating position and established with respect to the three-dimensional reference system. It is also called R-point.

10.What is heel point ?

Oscar's heel point on the heel with shoe on unpressed condition on accelerator pedal .It should be in 87 degrees of angle. 

11.What is Oscar ?

It is 2D and 3D device which can be used to define how the person’s going to sit in the vehicle and measure the seating accommodation. 

12.Difference between Oscar and Oscar Templet ?

Oscar templet is the 2D device where Oscar is the 3D device.

12.What is the purpose of Oscar ?

• The Oscar templete gives the seat designer an approximation of how vehicle occupant sill sit in the seat.
• A point is determined that represents the pivot point of oscar torso and thigh. This is called H-point and this point shold match with SgRP point.

13.What is Design H – Point and Actual H - Point?

Design H-point is that point which is calcualted by oscar machine and oscar template, whicle actual H point is the intersection of thigh line to torso line.

14.What is H-Point Window ?

The H-Point Window refers to the visibility area or line of sight established based on the H-point (hip point) of a seated occupant in a vehicle. It represents the visible area from the occupant's seated position and helps determine the optimal placement of vehicle components for visibility and safety.

15.Type of Oscar ?

There're two types of Oscars are there one is 2D Oscar template and other one is 3D Oscar machine.  

Small woman 104 lbs. 5% of drivers 

Midsized man 169 Lbs. 50% of drivers 

Large sized man 226 Lbs.95% of drivers 

16.What is the weight (in Kg) of 95 % Oscar ?

102.512 kgs 

17.What is the Importance of H – Point ?

• Seat design has direct effect the occupant's to vehicle control.
• To find the proper field of vision.
• To provide the comfort the occupants.

18.How the tolerance of H – Point Given ?

Over the time H-point shits due to deterioration of seat foam so OEM provide the tolerence zone for the H-point. This zone may be circular or parallelogram.

19.What is D – Point regarding a Seat ?

The d-point is the lowest pont on the buttock contour of the seated Oscar template or Oscar machine.

20.What is the full form of AHP ? Define its usage for seats ?

AHP- Accelator heel point.

The accelator heel point with the shoe on the un-depressed acclerator pedal.The foot angle is min 87 degree.

It is 405 mm away form h point in fore direction. Occupant reached to the accelator point in 5,50 and 95th percentile of the person.

21.What is Hand Reach Envelop ?

Driver must feel easy reach the vital controls in a car while vehicle in moving condition this is what called as hand reach envelop.

22.Types of Hand Reach Envelop ? And how it is categories ?

Hand Reach Envelop are two type

1-Primary Driver Hand Control:- Wearing a lap & sholder belt in driving position.

2-Secondary Driver Hand Controls:- Wearing a lap belt

Primary Driver Hand Control	Secondary Driver Hand Controls
1-Steering Control 2-Gearshift Control 3-Turn Signal Control 4-Ignition Control 5-Audible Horn 6-Headlamp control 7-Hand Break 8-Wiper/Defroster Control	1-Climate Control 2-Radio Control 3-Accessory control

23.What is Back/Cushion Angle ?

The back angle is the angle of recline of the torso line relative to the verticle . Back angle doesn't measure the angle of the seat structure.

24.What is Ischium?

Ischium is the lowest of three major bones comprising each hals of the pelvis.

25.What is Tail Burn ?

This condition will happen when driver sits on seat for long time so seat should be designed to prevent this condition

26.How lumber help driver ?

Lumber origin is lowest vertebrae in spinal column located between ribs and the pelvis 

27.During RFQ what is expected from OEM?

Seat reference point  

Foot angle  

Knee angle  

Heel point 

Hip point  

Back angle. 

1.What is the function of a seat ?

• Support the occupant  
• Provide comfort to the occupant 
• Protect the occupant 
• Position the occupant 

2.How the seat Support the Occupant ?

Support the occupant is the very basic function of the seat. It support the occupant in every situation like front crush, side crush etc. Improper comfotrt support will adversely affect the position, comfort and safety of the occupant.

Seat provide the support to occupant like

• Back support
• Arm support 
• Thigh support 
• leg support 
• Head support

3.How the seat Position the Occupant ?

The position of the occupant is extremely important to safe vehicle operation. There are three key elements to occupant position.

1-Hand, Arm and Leg room

2-Field of vision

3-Driver proximity to hand control

4.How seat provide comfort for the occupant ?

• Determine the amount of seat padding  
• Avoiding hard points on seat 
• Determine angle seat back and cushion 
• Deciding the lumber and thigh support 
• Establishing seat height and width 

 An additional 3-key measuremnt taken to ensure the best possible comfort in a seat's design

1-Indenstaton Load deflection (ILD)

2-Natural Frequency

3-Static Presuure Distribution

5.What is the full form of ILD? And how it is define ?

ILD-Indentation Load Deflection.

The load required to compress seat pad 50% of its original thickness so there’s a load which required to compress the foam is hardness of the foam. 

If a seat is too firm it will be uncomfortable and if it's too soft occupant will contact with hard point or fatigue.