Project-1: Modelling an electric Car with Li-ion battery

Aim: To simulate the Simulink model to check the EV behaviour using basic blocks and to simulate the power train and Battery using a primary PI controller to check both accelerator and brake comments on the result.

Objective 

• To simulate a report which will have a motor and its controller, we should not use any of the ready-made blocks and we need to build the entire system motor controller need to be done from the PI controller and from that we need to get the accelerator and brake commends.
• the battery we are using li-ion table-based battery.
• motor and controller we are using an Induction motor and controller with that.
• We are building the vehicle with a the parameters using the wheel and vehicle body
• And we take feedback from it to check results.

The model which we had modelled as per given question is 

Fig1:Model which I had designed 

It will have these components 

1. Drive cycle selector
2. Driver 
3. The electrical block will have a battery and motor with its controller 
4. Torque with its units 
5. vehicle in that we have wheels and vehicle
6. some scope to analyse the result

Let's see the Drive cycle in detail

 

Fig2:Drive cycle configuration 

Fig3:FTP75 Drive Cycle

here FTP 75 is a drive cycle which is given by the American drive cycle 

it is a standard set of velocity v/s time and this will be giving us an output which could be easily calibrated and analysed.

Driver 

Fig4:-Driver output 

here in the driver, we are going to provide Reference speed and we are going to get speed at the vehicle

Fig5:-PI controller 

Both speed and Vehicle speed can be subtracted from the reference speed 

PID controller in which we had modelled the P=75 I=60

Then we had taken two Acceleration And declaration

Transfer function will be done as we are going to select the value by train and error

and acceleration we will be going to obtain

In declaration, we are going to use Absolut its comes in negative so we will be using Abs value

Then TF were selected.

Fig6:-Pi controller 

Fig7:-Acceleration block 

Fig8:-Aecccelration block 

Fig9:-Deecccelration block 

Fig10:-Absolute block 

Fig11:-TF for Deaceleation 

Electrical system 

Fig 12:-Electrical system block 

Here we can see the subblock by name of Electrical System and it will have 2 sub systems namely Battery and Motor and controller 

Fig13:-internal view Electrical block 

Fig14:-Battery block 

Here this will show the battery sub block 

Fig15:-Battery component View

here we had took the Battery which is data sheet based and the data which we had entered will be given below 

Fig 16:-Battery configuration 

Ah-100Ah

V-12 V

Kwh-12Kwh 

Np-2

Ns-30

here we wanted a 12V and 100 Ah

Charging is done at a 10 C rating which is 10 A per hour 

When it comes to Discharge we don't know it depends upon the these condition 

• Motor Voltage 
• Load 
• Up angle and Downangle

And another parameter 

For discharge we had considered 

but we know that maximum cell Capacity is 100AH

So for the design 

Cells type:-Prismatic cells 

Number of cells:-60

Np=2

Ns=30

cell V:-6V

Cell Ah Capacity:-100Ah

Fig17:-Motor +Controller Block

Fig 18:-inside view of motor +controller 

Fig19:-inside view of units conversation 

Fig20:-look up table view 

Fig 21:-Lookup Table data 

Fig 22:-look up the table 

Fig23:-IM controller 

Fig 24:-Ip and Iq data

Fig25:-Current controller 

Fig26:-Electrical losses 

Fig27:-Motor parameter 

Fig28:-Initial Values  we need to model both the motor and controller but first, we need to model the controller and then we can model the 

controller, we need to model the units conversation because we are getting input in terms of k/s we need to convert it into N*m and we are done that as well 

then we wanted to convert the torque and we used a block of the gain multiplier so we get that in our required data.

next is the 1-D dimensional Breapup Table here we need to take a lot of samples and we need to Break them into data and we had given the data which I had showed that in Fig 24

Before this, we had given input to the motor 

Then we had modelled the motor With the above parameter 

we had taken the motor controller Directly without changing any data in it.

https://in.mathworks.com/help/autoblks/ref/inductionmotor.html

and we had configurated as 

Trq:-Torque

Bus voltage:-voltage input

Phase Current A:-Current in phase A

Phase Current B:-Current in phase B

Fedback:-Feedback voltage

Info: info like losses and output torque and all

Bus Current: Current at Bus

Phase Current:-Vector sum of all Current 

So the output we are taking at phase current and torque 

Motor 

Torque:-This is torque by the controller 

Phase Voltage:-Voltage input

Info:-lot of motor parameters like current, voltage speed and losses and all

Phase Current:-Current at phase

Mar Speed:-speed of motor 

here we can write the equation as 

`Ns=120*Pdiv F`

N=speed 

p=ploes 

F=Frequency 

in the info, we had taken a bus multiplier and output was connected to various parameter 

this will be input to the Motor and the motor will current and voltage 

So here real conversation will happen and mechanical parameters will be converted into electrical parameters and 

a lot of other we can get in motor loos and all were shown 

Fig29:Diffrential Gear

Fig30:differential 

Fig31:-differential gear 

Fig32:-Torsional Complence 

Here the block will have this parameter are 

Drive shaft Trq:-this will show us the speed of the torque

Axl 1 Trq:-here we are going to connect the axel 1 torque 

Axl2 Trq:-here we are going to connect the axel 2 torque 

Axl 1 Spd:-here we are going to connect the axel 1 Speed  

Axl 2 Spd:-here we are going to connect the axel 2 Speed  

Info:-this will give information regarding speed and toqrue 

Speed:-This will give us relative speed 

here we had connected short between speed and torque 

and the same thing we had done with axel as well

but from this block, we had taken output as torque

and this we had given input to the tortilla compliance as well.

output of this we had taken from go to block 

here the all of these values will be default only we had not made configuration 

Fig33:-Vehicle

Fig34:-vehicle block

here  this will have 2 block namely Wheels and Body of vehicle 

Fig35:wheel

Fig36:wheel model 

Fig37:wheel model 

Fig38:wheel model 

Fig39:wheel model 

Fig40:wheel model 

Fig41:wheel model 

We have Brk Prs:-these are brake pad  

Axl Trq:-Axle torque 

Vx:-velocity of wheels 

Fz:-Reverse of wheels 

inf:-information 

Fx:-forward velocity 

now here we are going to connect 3 terminals except brk pad to the two terminal end pads and we are going to get go to block from there we had taken the output 

here these all values are default values and we won't change any values 

Fig42:Vehicle body 

Fig43:Vehicle body configuration 

Fig44:Vehicle body configuration 

Here is the previous output we had given input to this bock and the major thing here is we just want to know the vehicle speed and we wanted to feed back the same thing to the 1 scope.

Result 

Fig45:input and feedback from Result

now here we can see that the first one is in blue colour that is the input signal which we had provided and we can see that it will match with the input waveform. And in the yellow colour is feedback wave from and we can see that very few variation and the vehicle won't respond because of various reason.  it a good sign.

 

Fig46:Scope output from SOC

The above graph will show us the variation of SOC with respect to time. And we had done the simulation for 10 seconds so that we may not see the much vacation in the graph and all. The initial dip will be transient from stop to movement but after a certain amount of time that will be zero itself.

Fig47:Scope output from battery output

Here we can see that the Battery current versus time here we can see a lot of spikes will be having and we can accept the variation as if the vehicle will be able to move and it won't be a constant graph. And the variation will be from +2 to -2 V.And when the vehicle will be able to move then it will rise to the maximum value.

Fig47:Scope output from battery output

Here we can see that the current versus time here we can see a lot of spikes will be having and we can accept the variation as if the vehicle will be able to move and it won't be a constant graph. And the variation will be from +2 to -4 V.reason is this one of the currents and this will give the behaviour of the battery.

Fig48:Scope output from battery voltage

The above graph will show us the Voltage drawn by the battery and it will start from zero and then it will reach the maximum value and it will retain its value 

Fig49:Scope output from motor Speed 

motor Speed v/s time is shown in the above graph .Here we can see the variation is maximum when we are going to stat the motor so after wards it will constant speed which is equal to in between 0 to 1.

Fig50:Scope output from power loss 

losses will be shown and here we don't have any other parameter and all like this and here it will losses will be there once the motor will start to rotate. So we can conclude that losses will be more in any motor.