Final Project: Design of an Electric Vehicle

Q1: Perform Gradient Descent in Python with any loss function. A1:   Q2: Difference between L1 & L2 Gradient descent method. A2: L1 Gradient Descent (Lasso) L2 Gradient Descent (Ridge) 1. Penalizes the sum of absolute values of weights. 1. Penalizes the sum of squares of weights. 2. Solution is sparse. 2. Solution is non-sparse.…

Q1: Calculate all 4 business moments using pen and paper for the below data set? A1: The excel sheet has been attached.   Q2: What is the significance of expected value when simple mean (Sum of all observations/number of observations) is already in place? A2: Expected value is computed when the…

Q1: Why there is a difference in the formula of variance for population and sample ? A1: Population Variance `sigma^2 = 1/Nsum(x_i - mu)^2`       Sample Variance `s^2 = 1/(N-1)sum(x_i - bar x)^2` It can be observed that there is a small difference in the two formulas. When calculating…

The project has been completed.

The project has been completed.

AIM To carry out 2D shell mesh on components with thickness less than 5mm and then assign appropriate thickness. To carry out volume mesh on components with thickness greater than 5mm. To validate the mesh generated based on the given quality criteria. To integrate the model with necessary connections.   PROCEDURE To begin…

AIM To extract the midsurface of the given component & to carry out necessary geometry cleanup operations. To mesh the extracted midsurface and to validate the FE model based on the given quality criteria. To assign the appropriate thickness to the FE model.   PROCEDURE Before modelling, it is necessary to clean the parent…

AIM To morph the given hand rest model in such a manner, that height of the dog houses and ribs is increased.   PROCEDURE To begin with we have to create a morph boundary by selecting the geometry of the dog house as shown in the image below. The 'Morph' deck is used to perform actions related to morphing.  Similarly…

AIM To deploy connections for the given Rear Door FE Model.   PROCEDURE In order to establish the bolt connection, first we have to create a COG point as shown below. Then using the 'Convert' tool, the previously generated COG point is converted to a bolt connection type as shown below. Now using the 'Connection Manager'…

The tool test has been completed.

AIM To check the given rearview mirror component for geometrical errors and mesh the surfaces using the given 2D quality criteria. To create a 3D tetra mesh by providing volume to the 2D surface mesh. To check the volume tetra mesh for tet collapse.   PROCEDURE To begin with the component is cleaned to rectify the…

The Tool Test has been completed.

AIM To extract the midsurface of the given plastic component & to carry out necessary geometry cleanup operations. To mesh the extracted midsurface and to validate the FE model based on the given quality criteria. To assign the appropriate thickness to the FE model.   PROCEDURE Since the given component is a plastic,…

AIM To extract the midsurface of the given component & to carry out necessary geometry cleanup operations. To mesh the extracted midsurface and to validate the FE model based on the given quality criteria. To assign the appropriate thickness to the FE model.   PROCEDURE To begin with it is made sure that the orientation…

AIM  To mesh the model of a Rear Wheel Holder as per the given quality criteria. To assign the appropriate thickness to the meshed component.   PROCEDURE   Generating the Midsurface Since the given component is that of a sheet metal and also doesn't consist of complex features, we can easily extract the midsurface of the…

AIM To extract the midsurface of the given inner door panel manually. To mesh the component as per the given quality criteria. To assign thickness to the meshed components such that it aligns itself with the parent geometry.   PROCEDURE   Defeaturing The component that has been imported is defeatured to remove…

OBJECTIVE To mesh the given Frame Assembly using a target element size of 5 units and validate the mesh as per the quality criteria provided. To create connectors and attach the various parts of the assembly.   PROCEDURE The Frame Assembly is imported using the Import Model option. The various components of the assembly…

MODEL 1 (HOUSING)   OBJECTIVE To create 3D tetramesh by first creating 2D surface elements and then converting to 3D. Surface elements should have Minimum Size = 2 units, Target Size = 4 units and Maximum Size = 7 units. The Tet Collapse should be set as 0.15.   PROCEDURE  The model is imported using the…

AIM : To develop a battery pack consisting of lithium-ion cells in 10S1P configuration.   OBJECTIVES :  To configure a battery pack comprising of lithium-ion cells in 10S1P configuration. To determine the life cycle performance of the battery at various temperatures. To determine the life cycle performance of…

AIM : To develop the mechanical design of a battery pack based on the required energy capacity.   OBJECTIVES :  To design a battery pack whose energy capacity is equal to 18 kWh. The battery pack should be developed from lithium-ion cells whose specification is ANR26650M1-B. While designing the battery pack relevant…

AIM : To create a MATLAB model of an electric rickshaw.   OBJECTIVES :  The electric rickshaw should be rear wheel driven, powered by a PM brushed type motor. Efficiency points of the motor controller and motor should be assumed. An excel sheet of all input and assumed data should be depicted. For any three standard…

AIM : Create a MATLAB model of an electric car which uses a battery and a DC motor.   OBJECTIVES :  To create a simple and low run time model of an electric car using SIMULINK. To examine the various performance characteristics such as Speed, State of Charge, Current and so on. To manipulate certain design…

QUESTION 1 : For a defined driving cycle, calculate the energy required for braking. ANSWER :  The energy required for acceleration or decelaration is nothing but the kinectic energy required by the vehicle. Energy required for Acceleration = Energy required for Deceleration = `1/2*m*v^2` But with respect…

AIM : To carry out a system-level simulation of an all terrain vehicle.   OBJECTIVES : Download the model from the given link and prepare a technical report explaining the model properties & comment on the results.   THEORY :  ALL TERRAIN VEHICLE (ATV) : An all-terrain vehicle (ATV),…

PROJECT 1 : AIM : Implement control logic of a “washing machine” using Stateflow as per given sequence:  If the power supply is available, the system gets activated.  If the Water supply is not available, stop the process & indicate through LED. Soaking time should be 200s followed by Washing…

PROJECT 1 AIM : To make a Simulink model of Doorbell using solenoid block.   SIMULINK BLOCK :   PLOTS : INPUT PLOT :   OUTPUT PLOT :   EXPLANATION : A Pulse Generator Block is used to create an external physical signal which is used to control the switch.When the external physical signal…

AIM : To create a Rankine Cycle Simulator using MATLAB.   OBJECTIVES : To plot the T-S and H-S diagrams for the given set of inputs. To calculate the various performance characteristics such as Turbine Work, Pump Work, Net Work, Thermal Efficiency, and Specific Steam Consumption.   THEORY : Rankine cycle is…

AIM : Parsing NASA Thermodynamic data. OBJECTIVES :  To write a function that extracts 14 coefficients from the given file. To determine the Specific Heat,Enthalpy and Entropy by writing a function consisting the extracted coefficients. To plot the Specific Heat,Enthalpy and Entropy for each species and…

AIM : To optimise stalagmite function and to find the global maxima of the function.   THEORY :  Optimisation : It is a decision making process where the best results are obtained from a set of input values under prioritised constraints.The set of all possible solutions or values which the inputs can…

PROGRAM : To solve the second order ODE of a pendulum and also to simulate the oscillating motion of the pendulum. Main Program : % Program to solve a 2nd order ODE related to a pendulum. clear all close all clc % Inputs % Damping Co-efficient b = 0.05 ; % Mass (kg) m = 1 ; % Gravity (m/s^2) g = 9.81 ; % Length (m) l =…

AIM : To determine the thermal efficiency and plot the P-V diagram of Otto cycle.   PROGRAM : Created using MATLAB.   GOVERNING EQUATIONS :   Boyle's Law  Statement : The volume of a given mass of a gas is inversely related to pressure when the temperature is constant. V `prop` 1`/`…