Final Project: Design of an Electric Vehicle

                                                          Design of an Electric Vehicle

       Create a MATLAB model of electric car which uses a battery and a DC motor. Choose suitable blocks from Powertrain block set. Prepare a report about your model including following:

  AIM :

         To Create a MATLAB model of electric car which uses a battery and a DC motor. Choose suitable blocks from Powertrain block set. Prepare a report about your model including following:

Objectives: 

       1. System level configurations

       2. Model parameters

       3. Results

       4. Conclusion

               Design of an electric vechile to electric car which uses a battery and DC motor. this electric vehicle body of powertain block set.

        Theory of Electric Vehicle :

      The electric vechicle to using the DC  motor this electric motor is a input of using electric power. the power is conventional vehicl power using power source. but gas using cars is  most of internal combustion engine, so EV is moving. to electric motor is running the wheels. this motor is using direct current DC in to alternating current AC. EV is single speed transmission power from motor. EV is very efficient and controle the pollution. the mostly two types of vehicl is used combustion engine and electric motor.

       electric vehicl is motor running process is using to stored battery powe, this battery power is the direct current DC so invert the DC to altrnating current AC in to electric motor. motor is electric energy convert in to electromagnetic energy converting.

     the vehicle is power source is recived electricty from vechile source to battery solar panels fuel cells electric generator this all sourec collecting to the electricty. EV architecher of the complete cycle of the working arrangement of the component placed in a sequence and while designing a vehicle balance in performance.

     ELECTRIC VEHCICL BLOCK DIAGRAM :          

          to EV the main component is used in electric vehicle is used 

1) battery 

2) motor controller

3) motor 

4) transmission

5) wheels 

6) vehicl body

     Battery :

            A battery is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy. the chemical reactions in a battery involve the flow of electrons from one material electrode to another through an external circuit. the flow of electrons provides an electric current that can be used to do work this battery is working in chemical energy to electric energy. electric power stoed in direct curren DC power.       

 this is the battery cell number of battery cell used some type of battery is avalible batyery. type's

1) lithium-ion batteries and 2) alkaline batteries and 3) nockel metal hydride (NIMH) batteris.

      lithium-ion batteries  :  this lithium-ion battery is products auch as electronics, combonents working and functions some application of small and large application of electric vehicles and electrical energy storage device system. lithium-ion batteries is charge faster, last longer, and have a higher power density for more battery life in a lighter package.

       Alkaline  : It converts chemical energy into electric energy by using managanese dioxide as positive electrode and zinc cylinder as the negative electrode to power an external circuit.

 this type of battery work is disposale batteries with zinc and magananese dioxide as electrodes. these batteries have a steady voltage offering better energy density and leakage resistance than carbon zinc batteries.

  nickel metal hydride (NIMH) :  the electrolyte leaked from the bettery cell is strong alkali. when it goes into an eye, cornea may be affected and it may lead to blindness. lngestion the electrolyte irritates the mouth and the throat seriously results in vomiting, nausea, hematemesis, stomach pains and diarrhea.

    Motor controller :

         The electric vechile controll is the electronics package that operates between the batteries and the motor to control the electric vechile's speed and acceleration much like a carburetor does in a gasoline powered vehicle. to controlle the vehicle speed and all other function is of motor to all controller. 

      Motor : 

             the motor is used in cars is synchronous there are types of AC electric motor used to create traction for an electric vehicl. Asynchronous (aka induction) and synchronous. in asynchronous, or induction motor the rotor is pulled into a spin constantly trying to catch up with the rotating magnetic field created by the statoor.

         Transmission :

           Eletric cars don't require multi speed transmissons because of the so-called engine in an electric car, an electri motor. A significant difference between conventional vehicles and EVs is the drivetrain. Simply put, the majority of EVs do not have multi-speed transmissions. Instead a single-speed transmission regulates the electric motor.

         Vehicle body and wheel's :

              vechile body is the very importent this connecting the wheel and conect the driver stering controle to the electronic circuits and machnical components.

    Create a MATLAB model of electric car which uses a battery and a DC motor. Choose suitable blocks from Powertrain block set :

Electric vehicl full matlab modul blocks :

     Vehicl body and tire of wheel :

          To create the vechile body and tire four wheel design using the electric vehicl the four tire and vehicl body is connecting gear and wheel this the foure wheel tire connection some conecting function is used to the NR and NF W is vehcle body parts and beta to angel of body.

     tire is N,A,S,H four conecting terminal of wheel to fit the body.

         TIRE :

                   tire is main important of speed of the vehicl controler this is the longutidunal vehcle function working to the foure fitting connection. and to verialble surface speed to change to the performance of tire to electric vehicle. some porte is used in to input and output port of function.

       INPUT is the N normal force action, and OUTPUT is S spile value ralation. CONVERTING PORTS is H repersent weel hub and A repersent axice.

 BODY OF VEHICLE :   

     body of vehicle is mass and centre of the gravity of distance of vehicl arodrage modified. 

      input port : is W (wind velocity) and beat (gear angule of range) of to controle the vehicle body.

      output port : is the V (velocity m/s), NR (normal force of rear X), NF (normal force of front). to controle the others parts of the this body and wheel axiel.

   Gear :

   gear is the function of the S and O is use to the condrole of speed to vehicle. S is the acclerator of inpute speed and O is the output shaft controle the function.

    MOTOR CONTROLER :

        the motor controle block is the battery and pwm of H-bridge circuit and PWM circuit and DC motor all the block is use in the vehicle to controlled. 

    BATTERY :

            battery is the power soure to controle the motor controler circuit this is two terminal of the (+,-) postive and negative terminal of the vehicle. this is connecting to the current control source and to the motor connected.

    PWM controller :

        the PWM block is the input of the voltage signal recived to generated to pulse signal of voltage controller of  PWM and REF out put to the pulse signal is PWM block. PWM and REF is to put the H-bridge circutis of working.

     H-BRIDGE CIRCUIT :

         PWM block is input founction to recive the pulse signal of bridge wave of using four diode to condrolle the voltage. the pefrence and brake revers function of h-bridge working.

 DC MOTOR CIRCUIT BLOCK :

        The DC motor to recive the battery power and PWM pulse controller voltage.  motor is positive terminal and negitive terminal connecting to H-bridge circuit block to control resistor and capicitor function. R and C is the machinicl refrence. this casting motor and rotor of motor.

        LONGITUDINAL DRIVER :

        Longitudinal driver is the controlled to all parts of vehile. some block of circuit is avalible an input to VelRef that is refrence and VelFdbk vel feedback and the grade to controlled and output of the infromation to Accluration commond and Deceluration commond incresing the speed and and decresing the speed to vehisle function working.

    INPUT DRIVE CYCLE SOURCE :

The Drive Cycle Source block generates a standard or user-specified longitudinal drive cycle.
The block output is the specified vehicle longitudinal speed, which you can use to:

      Predict the engine torque and fuel consumption that a vehicle requires to achieve desired speed and acceleration for a given gear shift reference. Produce realistic velocity and shift references for closed loop acceleration and braking commands for vehicle control and plant models. Study, tune, and optimize vehicle control, system performance, and system robustness over multiple drive cycles.

         All the input of drive cycle sourec to use the singnal block generator the drive cycle and signal pulse generator to test the connecting to multiport switch function block to finaly Longitudinal driver controller the matlab block designed.

 Electric vehicl full matlab modul block diagram : 

      this matlab module is drive cycle source and vel/Ref and vel/Fdbk and speed and destance and motor condrol motor shaft and gear sgaft vehicl body mojer parts of the block  to using in electrical vehicle design.

       Matlab output plote wave result's :

     the matlab result is the drive cycle and soc function velocity of the feedback and battery soc powerdrain blockset velocity decresh the wave.

 CONCLUSION :

                  To completed MATLAB model of electric car which uses a battery and a DC motor. Choose suitable blocks from Powertrain block set. System level configurations, Model parameters, Results. to plote all the matlab simulink model.