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Aim:- To perform analysis on cyclone separator and calculate the separation efficiency and pressure drop. Objective:- To write a few words about any four empirical models used to calculate the cyclone separator efficiency. To perform an analysis on a given cyclone separator model by varying…
Shreyas A M
updated on 18 Mar 2021
Aim:- To perform analysis on cyclone separator and calculate the separation efficiency and pressure drop.
Objective:-
1.To write a few words about any four empirical models used to calculate the cyclone separator efficiency.
Introduction:
Cyclone separators are separation devices that use the principle of inertia to remove particulate matter from flue gases. Cyclone separator is one of many air pollution control devices known as pre-cleaners since they generally remove larger pieces of particulate matter. This prevents finer filtration methods from having to deal with large, more abrasive particles later on. In addition, several cyclone separators can operate in parallel, and this system is known as a multi-cyclone.
Removed Components from Cyclone Separators:
Diagram:
Process Description:
Effectiveness:
Variants:
Empirical models for Cyclone Separator Efficiency:
Iozia and Leith logistic Model is a modified version of Barth (1956) model which is developed based on force balance. The model assumes that a particle carried by the vortex endures the influence of two forces: a centrifugal force Z, and flow resistance, W.
The collection efficiency i of particle diameter dpi can be calculated by
The Li and Wang model include particle bounce or re-entrainment and turbulent diffusion at the cyclone wall. A two-dimensional analytical expression of particle distribution in the cyclone is obtained. Li and Wang model was developed based on the following assumptions:
Koch and Licht collection theory recognized the inherently turbulent nature of cyclones and the distribution of gas residence times within the cyclone.
Koch and Licht describe particle motion in the entry and collection regions with the additional following assumptions:
Lapple model was developed based on force balance without considering the flow resistance. Lapple assumed that a particle entering the cyclone is evenly distributed across the inlet opening. The particle that travels from inlet half-width to the wall in the cyclone is collected with 50% efficiency. The semi-empirical relationship developed by Lapple to calculate a 50% cut diameter, dpc , is
Applications:
Methodology:
There are two different Phases as given below:
Continuous Phase:
Discrete Phase:
To carry out this analysis,
Discrete Phase Modeling:
There are two ways to carry out DPM
Uncoupled Flow:
Coupled Flow:
Since, the size of the particles injected in to Cyclone Separator is very small, the usage of both type of flow should not matter much.
Analysis:
In this project, we will perform an analysis on a given Cyclone model in two different manners.
Procedure:
Geometry:
Meshing:
Also we have to create Named selections for different kind of behavior at inlet and outlets.
Named selections are as per given below:
elemental size 10mm
nodes=134753
no. of elements=122301
Fluent set up:
Solver steps-
In fluent solver apply following boundary conditions-
Here,
And then use standard initialization where take reference values from inlet.
boundary conditions:
Discrete phase model:
2.
case 1: for 1 Micrometer:with velocity 3m/sec.
Residual plot:
Flow contour and vortex:
case 2: for 3Micrometer:with velocity 3m/sec.
Residual plot:
Flow contour and vortex:
case 3: for 5Micrometer:with velocity 3m/sec.
Residual plot:
Flow contour and vortex:
3.
Case 1: for velocity 1m/sec:5 micrometer:
Residual plot:
Pressure at inlet and outlet:
Flow contour and vortex:
Case 2: for velocity 3m/sec:5 micrometer:
Residual plot:
Pressure at inlet and outlet:
Flow contour and vortex:
Case 3: for velocity 5m/sec :5 micrometer:
Residual plot:
Pressure at inlet and outlet:
Flow contour and vortex:
It is defined as the fraction of particles of a given size collected in the cyclone, compared to those of that size going into the cyclone. Experience shows that the separation efficiency of cyclone separator increases with increasing particle mean diameter and density; increasing gas tangential velocity; decreasing cyclone diameter; increasing cyclone length; extraction of gas along with solids through the cyclone legs.
In this case, depending upon the particle history data - Separation Efficiency is defined as the ratio of concentration that has been removed from the feed stream to the initial concentration in the feed stream. For this case ratio of the number of trapped particles to the total number of particles tracked.
Separation efficiency = no. of particles trapped / no. of particles tracked
Pressure drop across the cyclone is of much importance in a cyclone separator. The pressure drop significantly affects the performance parameters of a cyclone. The total pressure drop in a cyclone will be due to the entry and exit losses, and friction and kinetic energy losses in the cyclone. Normally the most significant pressure drop occurs in the body due to swirl and energy dissipation.
Pressure drop is defined as the difference in total pressure between two points of a fluid carrying network.
Pressure drop, ΔPΔP = Total inlet pressure - Total Outlet Pressure
As the escape DPM condition is given to the outlet-top in this case, so outlet-top is considered in pressure drop calculation.
Observations from the case1:
Particle diameter | velocity | Particles tracked |
Particles escaped |
Particles trapped | incomplete | separation efficiency |
1 micrometer | 3 | 162 | 57 | 98 | 7 | 0.604 |
3micrometer | 3 | 162 | 27 | 126 | 9 | 0.77 |
5 micrometer | 3 | 162 | 22 | 140 | 0 | 0.864 |
Observations from the case2:
Particle diameter | velocity | Particles tracked |
Particles escaped |
Particles trapped | incomplete | separation efficiency | inlet pressure |
outlet pressure in Pa |
ΔPΔP |
5micrometer | 1 | 162 | 40 | 3 | 119 | 0.018 | 3.0326 | 0.278 | 2.754 |
5micrometer | 3 | 162 | 25 | 137 | 0 | 0.845 | 31.34 | 2.579 | 28.761 |
5micrometer | 5 | 162 | 22 | 140 | 0 | 0.864 | 90.85 | 7.30 | 83.55 |
Conclusions:
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