Project 1

 

  1. Design a battery pack for a car roughly 150 Kw with 120 V. Use 3500 mAh 3.6V nominal NMC chemistry cell.

       a. Design the battery pack configuration. 

       b. Draw the BMS topology for this battery pack.

  2. Build a 3S2P battery pack configuration with generic battery block using Matlab/Simulink.

 

AIM :

           To design a battery pack for car and using NMC chemistry cell and battery pack configuration and BMS topology for this battery pack and build matlab simulink model for 3s2p pack configuration.

 

Design a battery pack for a car roughly 150 Kw with 120 V. Use 3500 mAh 3.6V nominal NMC chemistry cell.

       The battry back is number of cells in series and number of cells in parallel this given parameter value using to calaulate the battery back configuration.

            the battery pack for car four 3.6V Li-ion cells in series to achieve 120V and two strings of these some number of cells in parallel (for a pack total of  cells) to boost the capacity from 3,500mAh. Such a configuration is called some many , meaning 4 cells are in series and 2 strings of these in parallel. There are three primary battery types available for consumer use. They are alkaline, nickel metal hydride (NIMH), and lithium ion. Each type has its pros and cons. Each one also has a distinctive place in technology history. A battery pack is a device that stores electrical energy to provide power to an electrical system, such as an electric vehicle (EV) or an energy storage system (ESS). The energy is stored in cells that are all connected to one another in the battery pack.

 BMS topology for this battery pack:

                 A modular BMS is a combination of the above two topologies. This arrangement is also known as decentralized, star, or the master and slaves topology. There are several interconnected control units (slaves), and each of them oversees a group of cells in a battery.  A modular BMS is a combination of the above two topologies. This arrangement is also known as decentralized, star, or the master and slaves topology. There are several interconnected control units (slaves), and each of them oversees a group of cells in a battery

          One of the most successful li-ion cathode formulas developed to date is obtained by combining nickel, manganese, and cobalt. Lithium-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt-Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2), abbreviated as NMC, has become the go-to cathode powder to develop batteries for power tools, e-bikes and other electric powertrains.

 

   a. Design the battery pack configuration :

          The battery pack configuration is the number of cells in seris and number of cells in parallel connection is a battery pack of electric car some paramter is given to calaculate the value of battery pack configuration.

     Given parameters :

                    battery pack configuration power = 150Kw

                           rated voltage of the battery = 120V

                                            battery capacity = 3500 mAh

                                            nominal Voltage =  3.6V

     First design a Battery pack configuration connection is

                                     1. number of cells in series  

                                     2. number of cells in parallel                

this two thinks are very inportent of battery pack configuration.

        To calculate Number of cells in Series :

                nominal Voltage is 3.6 V

                 Rated Vlotage is 120V

             number of cells connected in series = battery Rated Voltage / Nominal Voltage

                                                                 = 120 / 3.6 

                                                                 = 33.33 cells

                  the Round of calacualte the cells = 34 cells in series connection. 

 To calculate the Number of cells in parallel connection is :

            number of  cells in parallel connection = Continous Current / cell nominal capacity .

           

                   battery pack configuration power = 150Kw

                           rated voltage of the battery = 120V

                                  battery cell capacity = 3500 mAh => 3.5 Ah

                                            nominal Voltage =  3.6V

       all given data availble bue current(I) value is not avalible, So to calculate the Current. the current is first to callculate the Power value :

                                    Power (P) = Voltage V * Current I

                                     Curren I = Power (P) / Voltage (V)

                                                 I =  (150*1000) / 120

                                                   = 150000 / 120

                                                 I = 1250 AmH.

 

           Number of cells in parallel is = continous current (I)/ cell nominal capacity

                                                     = 1250 / 3.5 => 357.142 cells 

                 the rount of the parallel cells is =  358 cells.

      The number of cells in serise is = 34 cells.

       The number of cells in parallel is = 358 cells.

  this is the battery pack configuration of the cells capacity.

 

     b. Draw the BMS topology for this battery pack : 

        

 

 

          Battery management system (BMS) is technology dedicated to the oversight of a battery pack, which is an assembly of battery cells, electrically organized in a row x column matrix configuration to enable delivery of targeted range of voltage and current for a duration of time against expected load scenarios.

  Types of battery management system :

      1. centralized topology,

      2. master and slave topology,

      3. modular topology,

      4. distributed topology.

 Centralized topology :

          In a central topology, most or all major system components and messaging processes are located at one site. Clients at remote sites communicate over a Wide Area Network (WAN) to the centralized messaging servers.

   The cells is only 18 cells is used.

 Master and slave topology :

          Master/slave is a model of asymmetric communication or control where one device or process (the "master") controls one or more other devices or processes (the "slaves") and serves as their communication hub.

  The master and slave topology is splited the slaves one slave is 18 cells combione the someny 18 cells is slave to connect battery cells to using Topology.

  Modular topology :

       Modular topology is the above 18 cells is used to connect the cells, this used in bic battery power conception only used.

 Distributed topology :

     In a distributed topology, most or all system components and messaging processes are distributed across multiple sites, usually at each remote site.

      

       Barrey Management system (BMS) :

       BMS is the 34 cells serise and 358 cells parallel this is the some parametr to designe block architeria.

 

 

 CELLS OF BATTERY :

           Cells is series and parallel connection to 34 cells serice and 358 cells parallel connection of the AFE to singel cells to using the battery back is master and Slave cells. 

1. Amplifiers: These are used to amplify the low-level analog signals from the battery, such as the voltage and current, to a level that can be accurately measured and processed by the BMS.

2. Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs): These are used to convert the amplified analog signals into digital signals that can be processed by the BMS control unit.

3. Filters: These are used to remove noise and other unwanted signals from the analog signals, in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of the measurements.

4. Isolation: The AFE may also include isolation circuits, which are used to electrically isolate the BMS from the battery. This is important in order to protect the BMS from any voltage spikes or other electrical hazards that may be present in the battery.

  Micro controller : 

In a battery management system (BMS), the microcontroller unit (MCU) is the central processing unit that controls the operation of the BMS. It is responsible for executing the algorithms that are used to monitor, manage, and protect the battery or group of batteries.

The MCU is typically a programmable device that can be programmed with the specific algorithms and logic required for the particular application. It receives input from the sensors in the BMS and makes decisions based on this input. It may also control the actuators in the BMS, such as relays or switches, in order to control the flow of charge into and out of the battery.

     AFE :

         AFE stands for "analog front-end." In the context of a battery management system (BMS), an AFE is a circuit that is used to interface the BMS with the battery. It is responsible for converting the analog signals from the battery into digital signals that can be processed by the BMS control unit.

    Current sensor and temperature sensor :

     current sensor is the controller  A current sensor is a device that detects and converts current to an easily measurable output voltage, which is proportional to the current through the measured path. There are a wide variety of sensors, and each sensor is suitable for a specific current range and environmental condition.

    A temperature sensor is a device that detects and measures hotness and coolness and converts it into an electrical signal. There are four types of temperature sensors that are most commonly used in modern-day electronics: thermocouples, RTDs (resistance temperature detectors), thermistors, and semiconductor based integrated circuits (IC). Three different scales are commonly used to measure temperature: Fahrenheit (expressed as °F), Celsius (°C), and Kelvin (K).

   External Bus CAN and RS485 :

       RS-485 was defined for the industrial market, while CAN was primarily developed for the automotive/vehicle/transportation segment. Since its release, the CANbus interface has slowly been adopted to applications outside of the automotive and aerospace

    CAN : controller area network ic CAN The CAN bus is primarily used in embedded systems, and as its name implies, is a network technology that provides fast communication among microcontrollers up to real-time requirements, eliminating the need for the much more expensive and complex technology of a Dual-Ported RAM.

    Battery is fainly connected in to the Load.

 

 2. Build a 3S2P battery pack configuration with generic battery block using Matlab/Simulink. 

 

     The matlab simulink model is 3S2P battery pack configuration of battery back design.

    Battery Cells : 

               battey cells is 3 cells in serise and 2 cells in parallel connection.

       the total number of cells in the battery pack is = 3*2 = 6 cells in the battery pack.

    

   Detials of the model :

          The all the connectis connect to parallel and series connection and Scope block and Display block and Bus selsctor and voltage mesurement and current control source block to connect in the total battery pack configuration. and some give parameters.

   The Given Parameter are :

            nominal cell Voltage is 7.2 v

            Rated Capacity of cells is 5.4 Ah

            Maximum Voltage of a cells is 8.3 V

      Nominal Voltage of battery pack = number of cells in series * rated capacity of cell

                                                     = 3* 7.2 Ah => 21.6 V is nominal Voltage of battery pack.

       Rated capacity of battery pacck = number of cells in parallel*rated capacity of a cells

                                                     = 2*5.4Ah  => 10.8Ah

   The Overall Voltage :

                  The battery pack = maximum voltage of the battery * number of cells in series

                                           = 8.3V * 3 => 24.9V 

                                           = 25 V

                

     Parallel cells connection :

                     parallel connection is the connect to positive terminal to positive connection and negitive terminal is connect to next cells is negtive terminal connected. 2 cells in parallel connection.

    Series and parallel connection of battery pack :

 

    The  battery pack of 6 cells is connected to the parallel is positive (+) to positive (+) and negitive (-) to negitive (-) and Series connection is the positive (+) to negitive (-) connection of cells.

 

   Matlab Simulink Model of Battery Pack Configuration :    

 

   

 

 

      SOC and Voltage and Current :

      Scope block is used in Soc Battery block is used in 

Controller current source :

           Converts the Simulink input signal into an equivalent current source. The generated current is driven by the input signal of the block. You can initialize your circuit with a specific AC or DC current. If you want to start the simulation in steady-state, the block input must be connected to a signal starting as a sinusoidal or DC waveform corresponding to the initial values.

  Voltage mesurement :

      Ideal voltage measurement. The Output signal parameter is disabled when the block is not used in a phasor simulation. The phasor simulation is activated by a Powergui block placed in the model.

   Result of the model is :

                The matlab simulink model is overall voltage to decrising the battery pack of 3 series and 2 parallel connection.

         

 

        Conclusion :

       To conclute all the calculation and matlab simulink model complete design the 3S2P battery pack configuration plote the output wavefrome results.