3D Creation of Ceiling, Roof, Architectural plan, Structural plan, Sectional view, Elevation view and Camera specific view for a house plan using REVIT
1) AIM: Use the project file created from Week 2. Use it for this assignment. Based on your layout from week 2, using floor tool under architecture tab and select the floor with appropriate and thickness using the property browser create a layout in the Ground floor Level. Align the floor plan with…
Use the project file created from Week 2. Use it for this assignment. Based on your layout from week 2, using floor tool under architecture tab and select the floor with appropriate and thickness using the property browser create a layout in the Ground floor Level. Align the floor plan with grids created from week 2.
PROCEDURE:
create the layout with the help of walls as shown in figure.
now go to the architecture tab, select the floor option.
go to pick line and select the walls of layout and click on the right mark.
a blue dotted portion appears throughout the layout.
now go to the edit option at the left side of screen and change the colour and thickness of floor.
go to the view option and select 3d view to view it in 3d.
Add walls based on the floor layout. Pick lines or use the draw tool to modify the boundary of walls. Use the property browser to select appropriate material and thickness for walls. After creating the walls verify using the property browser to see if the top and bottom of the walls are constrained.
a. Based on your observation, what is beneficial for connecting walls with associated levels rather than being Unconnected b. Which option is convenient for modeling walls, By Height or By Depth?
after drawing the layout and viewing it in 3d,
next step is allotment of doors.
select the walls and modify the properties of wall using edit properties command.
a dialogue box will appear as shown in figure ,go to the edit option in that dialogue box.
there you will find the different modifying properties of the wall.
select the property you want and apply it.
a
a)benefits of connecting walls is that when walls are connected with constraints any changes applied in the height of building
automatically adjusts its height with the building levels.but if the walls are unconnected ,we have to edit the height of walls which is
time consuming.
b)according to me the best way to model buildings is by height.
Copy the model elements ( wall, floor ) modelled to Ground Floor Level and paste it aligned to First Floor Level . Use modify tab to utilize copy and paste options to align elements to a different level.
continue with the figure drawn in question 2.
before proceeding we have drawn the railing in this figure.
to draw the railing go to the ground floor plan.
and draw a rectangle at the door front with the help of floor command.
and click the right option it will be created.
now go to the 3d view select railing and pick line where you want to install it.
to draw the first floor copy the entire ground floor,
select the option copy to clip board from ribbon and paste option (aligned to selected level)
select level 2,and it will be copied as shown in figure.
Use interior partition walls to create separate rooms within your residential unit. The model must include the following rooms
a. Living Room/ Drawing Room ( 15’ X 18’) b. Dining Room (9’ X 11’) c. Bed Room ( 9’ X 12’ and 15’ X 11’) d. Rest Room ( 10’ X 12’ ) e. Kitchen (8’ X 10’)
The above are for examples. You can use them or use your measured entities to create your model based on your layout. You may include entry walkway, Patios or Guest rooms based on your creativity and purpose of modeling. Convert units if you are using metric system.
Based on week 2 assignment, the components to be included in a residential unit were inserted to the Revit file. Place these components in appropriate locations to add details to your residential model
a. Place Doors and windows in the wall at appropriate locations b. The Living Room must include furniture set, couch table and TV desk and shelf cabinets c. The Dining Room must include a table and chairs serving the purpose of eating d. Bed Room must include a bed set, shelf, lighting and individual study desk and chair e. Rest room should include bath tub and plumbing fixtures discussed in class f. Kitchen should include countertops, gas stove cabinet and shelves to store food items g. The wash/storage room can include washing machines and shelves to store clothes
All the components are available in Revit Library. Use them to place at appropriate locations to add details to your model. Use 3D navigation to check the model and its authenticity on a real time basis to verify the model.
since the model is now prepared ,in order to show the arrangements mentioned in the aim
we need to show the inside images of the model using camera.
go to view option from the ribbon select the camera and place
it in the floor plan in order to show the inside components
images below show the different rooms along with their components.
2)
A roof framing plan is a scaled layout or a diagram of a proposed roof development, including the dimensions of the entire structure, measurements, shape, design, and placement of all the materials, wires, drainage, ventilation, slopes, and more.
The main goal of the roof framing plan is to aid both contractor and manufacturer take valid measurements and determining construction feasibility and material needs for construction projects.
Parts of a Roof Frame
Rafter
A rafter is a structural element utilized in the construction of a roof. It usually goes from the roof's ridge or hip to the external wall plate. Rafters are typically laid in a succession, side by side, to provide a foundation for roof decks, roof coverings, and other items.
Ridge Board
A ridge board joins the rafters' upper ends, constituting the triangle's apex. Typically, a ceiling joist spanning from opposite exterior walls connects the lower ends of the rafters, forming the base and completing the triangle.
Collar Tie
A collar tie is a horizontal element that connects two rafters. Collar ties are frequently employed as structural components, but they can also frame a ceiling.
Ceiling Joist
The horizontal structural members that span your ceiling and are responsible for transferring roof loads to vertical members are ceiling joists. The structure would collapse if these parts were not there.
Tail
The tail is the portion of the rafter that extends beyond the wall of the building to form the eave.
3. Types of Roof Framing
There are two practices of framing a roof - stick framing, and truss framing. Stick processes are an older practice yet viral, and roof trusses are now being adapted to constructing new homes.
Stick Framing
In stick framing, the top beam or the ridge is the central and essential part of the structure connected to individual rafters. To completely cover the structure, some more boards are placed horizontally. Stick framing is used on those buildings with cathedral ceilings, attic rooms, or areas for storage because they form an open triangle shape between the ceiling joists and rafters. Stick framing can be easily changed and manipulated later if needed by either changing up the space, removing an attic floor to construct a more open room or other modeling plans.
Truss Framing
In truss framing, roofs are constructed using gable and hip roofs. They are constructed before installation by constructing triangle forms that are strengthened with many other wood planks. If you want an attic or a cathedral ceiling with a bottom base, truss framing won't work. Truss framing is heavily reinforced, making it more solid and long-lasting than stick framing. They are easier to install and do not require as much maintenance.
What to Choose?
Framing the roof with trusses is a winning choice full of advantages. Roof trusses are a significant update with no additional cost. Roof and floor trusses offer significant savings, enhanced durability, and shave a substantial amount of time off framing a new construction. However, it is not feasible to use Truss framing in every design; you need to consult a professional interior designer or an architect with good experience.
4. How to Create a Roof Framing Plan?
4.1 Choose the Right Frame for Your Roof
We have discussed the types of roof framing; you have to choose a winning choice. Your winning choice could be Truss framing or sometimes Stick framing. The choice would depend upon your needs. For instance, you need a storage area at the ceiling, or you might have plans to renovate the house in the coming future, then you might go for the stick frame, and if you want something solid as a rock and durable, then you would opt for the Truss framing.
4.2 Make Calculations
For perfect roof framing, you need to get the geometry of your roof accurately. The following calculations would impact your framing process.
Span
Rise
Run
Line length
Pitch
The span refers to the measurement from one wall to another wall of the top portion of your building. With the help of span, you can now calculate the Rise; it is the measurement from the heart of the span to the top of the roof. To calculate run, divide the span figure by two, and you will get your run which is almost one-half of the measurement of span. To calculate the pitch, you need to consider the angle or slope that the roof has; it tells you how high the roof rises for every run unit. The pitch can either be shallow or steep depending upon the roof's needs and sometimes the weather conditions.
4.3 Prepare a Roof Framing Plan
Now you have all the calculations in hand, it's time to make an effective and detailed roof plan using any diagramming tools available. The roof framing plan will assist the parties, the builders, and the buyers. The builders will be aware of the correct measurements, directions, and the material to use, and the buyer will be satisfied that what he needs will be built.
5. Roof Framing Plan Examples
Let's look into different roof framing examples that might inspire you to choose a perfect roof framing type for your house.
Example 1: Flat Roof Framing Plan
This kind of roof framing is known as flat roof framing. Flat roofing is a common choice for garages, homes, garage additions, and other structures. The supporting component for the roofs is a timber frame. This flat roof design sets beams horizontally at a specified gap. Once they are perfectly fastened in their locations, another layer of beams or purlins is installed vertically above the horizontal beams. The size of the purlin or the beam can be calculated by the width of the building plus the overhang beams on both sides.
Example 2: Shed Roof Framing Plan
This kind of roof framing is known as shed roof framing. A shed roof, also known as a pent roof or a skillion roof, is a type of roof that is shaped like a shed. It's also known as a mono-pitch roof or a roof with only one slope. Shed roof structure is one of the most basic roof designs, making it ideal for compact homes, small cabins, garden sheds, patios, shelters, garages, and other residential additions. A shed roof structure combines the advantages of a flat roof and a gable roof. With beams crossing between two walls, one of which is taller than the other, a slant is created, usually ranging from 7° to 35°, depending on the exact small home design, its dimensions, and the weather conditions of the site.
Example 3: Hip Roof Framing Plan
This kind of roof framing is known as hip roof framing. Hip roofs, also known as hipped roofs, are a roof style with a gentle slope on the sides and a downward pattern toward the side walls. The area where one part of the roof meets another is known as the "hip," Hip roofs often have highly consistent angles with no abrupt end. Hip roofs are made up of four rafters that generally meet on a ridge board in the middle of the roof. Hip roofs are more typically pointed toward the top of the structure, resembling a pyramid. Hip roofs are also known as pyramid roofs and pavilion roofs.
Example 4: Gable Roof Framing Plan
This kind of roof framing is known as Gable Roof Framing. Like two right triangles linked at the vertical line of the triangle, a gable roof slopes downhill in two directions. The ridge board goes parallel to the exterior walls along the roof's peak. The ridge board is fastened to the top of the common rafters, and they slope down to the ceiling joists and outside walls, where they are nailed to the ceiling joists and the outside walls. Budget-conscious homeowners will like gable roofs. Gable roof designs are simple, so they don't require as much material as other roof designs, and their styles vary while remaining economical. While gable roofs require additional wind support, they offer excellent rain and snow drainage and are more weather resistant than flat roofs. They also improve the airflow in your home.
6. Online Roof Framing Plan Maker
We have now seen multiple roof framing types and techniques. It's high time to learn to create a roof framing plan for your apartment. If you have selected the right roof framing type and have all the necessary calculations, you need an excellent diagramming tool to design a perfect and effective roof framing plan.
Is a complete solution for your floor planning and other diagramming problems. You can create a floor plan in EdrawMax without hurdles or hold-ups as the application offers an easy-to-use interface. With EdrawMax's robust you can pick a preset template to save your valuable time and effort or create one from scratch. With EdrawMax, one can create 280 different types of diagrams. If you have selected a pre-designed template, then using the application dedicated features, you can customize the templates as per your requirements, export them in multiple formats, and share them with others.
7. Key Takeaways
As you can see, the initial plan for framing your roof must consider several important factors, including the roof's shape and any applicable town building codes. Then you'll have to decide between stick framing and truss framing, which are two very different styles of roof structure. After that, you'll need to perform all of the precise calculations necessary to ensure that the pieces of wood fit together correctly. You can finally use an excellent diagramming program like to create an accurate Roof framing plan with all the information in hand. Designing a roof framing design in EdrawMax would be an excellent choice because you won't have to master the application and its tools First.
3)
Aim :-To Design and Draft a layout of a Residential Building having plot size of 60' X 20' ( 18.3m X 6m ), facing East-direction using AutoCAD.
Architectural Drawing :-
Site Plan Layout
Ground Floor Plan
First Floor Plan
Elevation
Section View
Structural Drawing :-
Column Layout Plan
Beam Layout Plan
Footing Layout Plan
Introduction :-
The general commands used for drawing the building is as follows :-
Line
Rectangle
Circle
Erase
Copy
Trim
Mirror
Offset
Extend
Array
Move
Rotate
Dimension
Text
Fillet
Hatch
Join
Explode
Breakepoint
Multileader
Layer
The Assumed dimensions are as following :-
External wall = 230 mm
Internal wall = 150 mm
Staircase Dimensions :-
Treads = 250 mm, Riser = 200 mm
Windows Dimensions :-
W = 1000 mm x 1500 mm, V = 700 mm x 500 mm
Doors Dimensions :-
D1 = 1500 mm x 2000 mm, D2 = 1000 mm x 2000 mm, D3 = 900 mm x 2000 mm
Beam Size = 230 mm x 350 mm
Column Size = 230 mm x 230 mm
Procedure:-
Open AutoCAD application.
Type "Un" and press enter.
Set Units to scale inserted content as "milimeter" and press Enter.
Sets limits by typing "limits" in command box.
Step 1 :- Creating Layers :-
Type "LA" in the command box and press enter.
In Layer properties manager, create new layers by clicking on new layer icon.
Add different layers and assign Name, Colours and Line Type to them as follow :-
Step 2 :- Creating Site Layout :-
Type "L" for line command and Draw a line.
Specify first point anywhere on screen.
Specify next point as @18300<0.
Specify next point as @6000<90.
Specify next point as @18300<180.
Specify next point as @6000<270.
Specify next point as @6000<270 and press Enter.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 7000 and press enter.
Select the line bottom edge of rectangle and click on bottom.
Select the last offsetted line and hold line's right grip and stretch the line at a distance of 9000 in right direction.
Type "L" for line command and Draw a line.
Specify the starting point as the right end of last stretched line.
Specify next point as @15000<145 and press enter.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 7000 and press enter.
Select the last drawn line and click on right side.
Use the Extend command by typing "EX" in the command box and extend the lines to make the roads near site location.
Use Multileader command from annotation tab and give the road sign in the layout.
Give dimension to the Site layout from dimension menu in annotation tab or Home tab.
Draw the direction sign box by using "line" command and giving text to them by using "multi text" command.
Draw the jogger line to show the continuity of the road.
Use layer command and put each obects in the specified layer.
Step 3 :- Creating Ground Floor Plan :-
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "WALLS" Layer.
Type "REC" for rectangle command in command box and press enter.
Select dimensions option in the command box.
Specify length as "17630" and press enter.
Specify width as "5330" and press enter.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "230" and press enter.
Select the last drawn rectangle and click inside of rectangle.
Type "explode" in the command box and press enter.
Select the both rectangles and press enter.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "3800" and press enter.
Select the left width of internal rectangle and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "2400" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "4870" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1500" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1250" and press enter.
Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "2500" and press enter.
Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Creating Doors and Windows in Ground Floor Plan :-
Type "TR" in the command box for trim and press enter.
Use trim command to make opening for the doors in different walls.
For D1, make 1500mm size opening in the walls.
And 1000mm and 900mm size openings for doors D2 and D3 respectively.
For D1, Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DOORS" Layer.
Type "L" for line command and press enter.
Specify any starting point.
Specify next point as @25<180.
Specify next point as @1500<90.
Specify next point as @50<180.
Specify next point as @1500<270.
Specify next point as @50<0 and press enter.
Click on "ARC" option on ribbon and select "Start, End and Direction" type arc to draw.
Select Start point of arc as end of the 1500 length line.
Select end point as the other end of the door opening.
Give the suitable direction which suits the arc.
Repeat the same procedures for D2 and D3 doors with their respective sizes.
Select whole door drawn and type "CO" in command box for copy and click on "multiple".
Pick the door and place it on desire places as shown in plan.
Use rotate command to rotate the object.
For window, Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "WINDOWS" Layer.
Create a vertical line of 230 mm.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1000" and press enter.
Select the last vertical line and click on right.
Type "L" for line command and press enter.
Join the mid points of the last to drawn line and press enter.
Select whole window drawn and type "CO" in command box for copy and click on "multiple".
Pick the windows and place it on desire places as shown in plan.
Repeat the same procedures for ventilation with it's respective size.
Creating Staircase in Ground Floor Plan :-
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "STAIRCASE" Layer.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1200" and press enter.
Select the internal line segment of 2400 mm length wall and click at bottom.
Now select the line and Type "CO" in command box.
Select Array option in command box.
Specify no. of item in array as "10".
Specify the next item distance as "250" and press enter.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
For handrail, make a line by connecting all center points of the drawn steps.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "50" and press enter.
Select the last drawn line of 2250 mm length and make offset of the line at both right and left side of the line.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion and make the handrill as shown in figure.
Draw the Stairs in the Entrance by the same process but with different dimensions.
Creating Texts in Ground Floor Plan :-
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "TEXTS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the multitext command.
Select the Text style as "Arial".
Specify the text height and scale.
Specify the area where to put the text and type the desire text as per requirement.
After typing the text, select the whole text and type "CO" and select multiple on the command box.
Turn the ORTHO and OSNAP option Off and put the copied text to the required places.
Type "ED" in the command box for "Edittext" command and press enter.
Select the text and change the text as per requirement.
Creating Dimensions in Ground Floor Plan :-
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
Give all the linear dimensions.
Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.
After specifying the dimension, drop down the Layer menu and Select the "SECTION LINE" Layer.
Type "L" od the line command and make the section line in the plan.
Step 4 :- Creating First Floor Plan :-
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "WALLS" Layer.
Type "REC" for rectangle command in command box and press enter.
Select dimensions option in the command box.
Specify length as "17630" and press enter.
Specify width as "5330" and press enter.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "230" and press enter.
Select the last drawn rectangle and click inside of rectangle.
Type "explode" in the command box and press enter.
Select the both rectangles and press enter.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "3800" and press enter.
Select the left width of internal rectangle and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "2400" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "4870" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1500" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1250" and press enter.
Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "3720" and press enter.
Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "2500" and press enter.
Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
Creating Doors and Windows in First Floor Plan :-
Type "TR" in the command box for trim and press enter.
Use trim command to make opening for the doors in different walls.
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DOORS" Layer.
The procedure of creating doors and windows is same as in the Ground floor plan.
Creating Staircase in First Floor Plan :-
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "STAIRCASE" Layer.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "1200" and press enter.
Select the internal line segment of 2400 mm length wall and click at bottom.
Now select the line and Type "CO" in command box.
Select Array option in command box.
Specify no. of item in array as "10".
Specify the next item distance as "250" and press enter.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
For handrail, make a line by connecting all center points of the drawn steps.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as "50" and press enter.
Select the last drawn line of 2250 mm length and make offset of the line at both right and left side of the line.
Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion and make the handrill as shown in figure.
Creating Texts in First Floor Plan :-
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "TEXTS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the multitext command.
Select the Text style as "Arial".
Specify the text height and scale.
Specify the area where to put the text and type the desire text as per requirement.
After typing the text, select the whole text and type "CO" and select multiple on the command box.
Turn the ORTHO and OSNAP option Off and put the copied text to the required places.
Type "ED" in the command box for "Edittext" command and press enter.
Select the text and change the text as per requirement.
Creating Dimensions in First Floor Plan :-
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
Give all the linear dimensions.
Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.
After specifying the dimension, drop down the Layer menu and Select the "SECTION LINE" Layer.
Type "L" od the line command and make the section line in the plan.
Step 5 :- Creating Front Elevation :-
Type "XL" in command box and press enter.
Click on "ver" in command box.
Select the points required to take the projection for Elevation.
Draw a Horizontal line for Ground level which cuts all vertical line projections.
Now, type "Breakpoint" in the command box and break all the vertical projection lines from the point of intersection with horizontal line.
Type "E" for erase command and press enter.
Select all the vertical line below the horizontal line and press enter.
Mark this horizontal line as Natural Ground Level.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 600 and press enter.
Select the horizontal line drawn earlier and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
Select the horizontal line drawn earlier and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 3600 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 3400 and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 1000 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.
Select all horizontal lines and put them into the "SLAB" layer.
Change the current layer to "WINDOWS" layer.
Type "L" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a line connecting two window line projections at the ground-floor level.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 1200 and press enter.
Select the last line drawn and click on top.
Type "rec" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a window with 1000X1500 as per Window dimensions.
Copy the rectangles to all the required place as shown in figure.
Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.
Creating Hatch in Front Elevation Drawing :-
Type "H" for hatch command and press enter.
Select hatch from the hatch pattern and create the hatch to differentiate the walls, slabs and windows.
After defining the hatch, press enter.
Creating Texts in Front Elevation Drawing :-
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "TEXTS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the multitext command.
Select the Text style as "Arial".
Specify the text height and scale.
Specify the area where to put the text and type the desire text as per requirement.
After typing the text, select the whole text and type "CO" and select multiple on the command box.
Turn the ORTHO and OSNAP option Off and put the copied text to the required places.
Type "ED" in the command box for "Edittext" command and press enter.
Select the text and change the text as per requirement.
Creating Dimensions in Front Elevation Drawing :-
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
Give all the linear dimensions.
Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.
Step 6 :- Creating Section A-A :-
Type "XL" in command box and press enter.
Click on "ver" in command box.
Select the points required to take the projection for Section A-A.
Draw a Horizontal line for Ground level which cuts all vertical line projections.
Now, type "Breakpoint" in the command box and break all the vertical projection lines from the point of intersection with horizontal line.
Type "E" for erase command and press enter.
Select all the vertical line below the horizontal line and press enter.
Take this horizontal line as N.G.L.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 600 and press enter.
Select the horizontal line drawn earlier and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
Select the last offsetted line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 3600 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 3400 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
Select the last offset line and click on top.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 1000 and press enter.
Select all offsetted lines and define them in "Slab" layer.
Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.
Change the current layer to window layer.
Type "L" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a line connecting two window line projections at the ground-floor level.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 1200 as sil distance from floor and press enter.
Select the last line drawn and click on top.
Type "rec" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a window with 1000x1500 as per Window dimensions.
Copy the rectangles to both the floors as shown in figure.
Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.
Use the "X-line" projection well and draw the columns.
Place the beams in the section as per the plan.
Type "H" for hatch command and press enter.
Select hatch from the hatch pattern and create the hatch to differentiate the walls, slabs and windows.
After defining the hatch, press enter.
Draw the window shade with the use of projections and then define them in window layer.
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
Give all the linear dimensions.
Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.
Step 7 :- Creating Section B-B :-
Type "XL" in command box and press enter.
Click on "Hor" in command box.
Select the points required to take the projection for Section B-B.
Draw a Vertical line which cuts all horizontal line projections.
Now, type "Breakpoint" in the command box and break all the vertical projection lines from the point of intersection with horizontal line.
Type "E" for erase command and press enter.
Use the projections to find the edges of slabs, stairs, doors and columns.
Draw the staircase with the taking the riser as 200mm and treads as 250mm.
Mark the projection of doors and Select Doors layer from layer tab and make the doors of size 1000mm x 2000mm.
Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.
Use the "X-line" projection well and draw the columns.
Place the beams in the section as per the plan.
Type "H" for hatch command and press enter.
Select hatch from the hatch pattern and create the hatch to differentiate the walls, slabs and staircase.
After defining the hatch, press enter.
Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
Give all the linear dimensions.
Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.
Architectural Drawing :-
Structure Drawing :-
Step 8 :- Creating Section Column Layout :-
Turn off All the Layers except columns and center line.
Use the copy command and Select all the columns from plan view drawing and move them to a different postion.
Select the layer "center line".
Type "L" for the line command and press enter.
Draw the center line through each column from their center point.
Extend the center lines a little from each column as shown below.
Type "C" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a small circle with respect to the drawing and press enter.
Copy the circle to extension point of center line and fill the text in between the circle by typing "DT" command in the command box.
Turn all layers on and select the dimension layer and give dimension to the drawing.
Give title to the drawing by using "DT" command.
Give names to each column in the layout.
Step 9 :- Creating Ground Floor Beam Layout :-
Turn off All the Layers except columns, beam, center line and walls.
Use the copy command and Select all the columns from ground floor plan view drawing and move them to a different postion.
Join all the columns with line command for representing the beam.
Select the layer "Beam" and specify all the column joining lines in the beam layer.
Select the layer "center line".
Type "L" for the line command and press enter.
Draw the center line through each column from their center point.
Extend the center lines alittle from each column as shown below.
Type "C" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a small circle with respect to the drawing and press enter.
Copy the circle to extension point of center line and fill the text in between the circle by typing "DT" command in the command box.
Turn all layers on and select the dimension layer and give dimension to the drawing.
Give title to the drawing by using "DT" command.
Give names to each beam in the layout.
Step 10 :- Creating First Floor Beam Layout :-
Turn off All the Layers except columns, beam, center line and walls.
Use the copy command and Select all the columns from ground floor plan view drawing and move them to a different postion.
Join all the columns with line command for representing the beam.
Select the layer "Beam" and specify all the column joining lines in the beam layer.
Select the layer "center line".
Type "L" for the line command and press enter.
Draw the center line through each column from their center point.
Extend the center lines alittle from each column as shown below.
Type "C" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a small circle with respect to the drawing and press enter.
Copy the circle to extension point of center line and fill the text in between the circle by typing "DT" command in the command box.
Turn all layers on and select the dimension layer and give dimension to the drawing.
Give title to the drawing by using "DT" command.
Give names to each beam in the layout.
Step 11 :- Creating Footing Layout :-
Use the copy command and Select column layout drawing and move it to some other location.
Select the layer "center line".
Type "L" for the line command and press enter.
Draw the center line through each column from their center point.
Extend the center lines a little from each column as shown below.
The size of the Isolating footing is taken as 900x900.
Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
Specify offset distance as 335 and press enter.
Select all the columns except D1, D2, E1 and E2 and click outward.
For above 4 columns, combine footing layout is drawn of size 2320 x 900.
Type "C" in the command box and press enter.
Draw a small circle with respect to the drawing and press enter.
Copy the circle to extension point of center line and fill the text in between the circle by typing "DT" command in the command box.
Turn all layers on and select the dimension layer and give dimension to the drawing.
Give title to the drawing by using "DT" command.
Give names to each column in the layout.
RESULT :-
1) Architectural Drawings :-
2) Stuctural Drawings :-
4)
Dimension attributes changed using the Dimension toolbar override future changes made using the Options dialog. If you edit any attribute on the Dimension toolbar, it remains fixed to the dimension. So if you now change that item on the Options dialog, it does not change that item for the edited dimension.
Height — Edits the height of the text.
— Select this button to italicize the text. You can also press Ctrl+I to enable and disable italics.
— Deselect this button to remove the first witness line from the dimension:
— Deselect this button to remove the second witness line from the dimension:
— Trims the leader line to the position of the dimension annotation. This can be used when the end of the leader is obvious, for example, in base-point and chain dimensions. Trimming leaders is only possible for linear dimensions.
Trim leader to text deselected — The leader line is not trimmed.
Trim leader to text selected. The leader line is trimmed to the dimension annotation.
— Embeds the text in the leader line:
— This changes all text so that it is positioned horizontally to the principal plane.
Suppose dimensions are angled as shown below:
When text is changed to horizontal, the dimensions look like:
— Select this button to display the true measurements for linear dimensions. Deselect the button to display the projected linear dimension.
Projected dimension
True dimension
A linear dimension measures the length of a line or the distance between two points.
— Select this button to display the diameter symbol before the dimension value. If the dimension is the radius of an arc, the value changes to its diameter.
— Use this button to switch between straight and dog-leg leader lines for radial and ordinate dimensions:
select an option in the list to set the number of decimal places or denominator of the fractional part of the dimension value.
Scale — Scales the value of the dimension. In your model, you can create objects using a different scale. To create dimensions of the ‘true’ values, enter the value of the scale in the Scale box.
The dimension of the following line has value 60 and scale 1:
If we change the Scale to 3, the dimension value becomes 20:
When you change the scale factor, a warning is displayed.
— Resets the attributes to the settings on the Dimension pages on the Options dialog.
— Restart creating base-point, chain and ordinate dimensions.
You can restart base-point, chain and ordinate dimensions without entering the origin or the text position again.
Select the dimension.
If you are restarting a set of base-point or chain dimensions, select the last one:
Select the Restart multi-part dimension button.
Click positions on the screen to continue creating new dimensions:
A new dimension is added:
With ordinate dimensions, you can also input positions between dimensions:
A new dimension is added between the existing dimensions:
5)
Create and manage Sheet Views in Excel
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Have you ever collaborated with someone else in a worksheet, looking at a large data set, and suddenly the table shrinks and you’re unable to finish your work? It's pretty disruptive, isn't it?
Sheet Views is an innovative way of letting you create customized views in an Excel worksheet without being disrupted by others. For instance, you can set up a filter to display only the records that are important to you, without being affected by others sorting and filtering in the document. You can even set up multiple Sheet Views on the same worksheet. Any cell-level edits you make will automatically be saved with the workbook regardless of which view you’re in.
Now that you’ve got some “bones” for your spreadsheet template, click the filename at the top of the sheet and rename it to something that includes the word “template.” Press Enter when you’re finished to save your changes.
Click A Options.
Click the AEC Project Defaults tab, and click Create Sheet Set Template.
The Create Sheet Set wizard is displayed. It will help you create a new sheet set template.
In the Create Sheet Set - Begin dialog box, under Create a sheet set using, select An example sheet set, and click Next.
In the Create Sheet Set - Sheet Set Example dialog box, select a sheet set to use as an example:
If you want to…
Then…
use a sample sheet set from the list
click Select a sheet set to use as an example, select a sheet set from the list, and then click Next.
use a sheet set not listed
click Browse to another sheet set to use as an example, and click . In the Browse for Sheet Set dialog box, select a sheet set (DST) file, click Open, and then click Next.
In the Create Sheet Set - Sheet Set Details dialog box, enter a name for the new sheet set template.
Enter a description for the new sheet set template.
Select the folder location in which to save the new sheet set template.
Note: The location of a sheet set template (DST file) does not define the location of project sheet sets created from that template. A project sheet set is always stored in the root folder of the associated project.
If you are creating a sheet set template for an AutoCAD Architecture 2021 toolset project, selecting Create a folder hierarchy based on subsets will have no impact because sheet subsets in the Drawing Explorer will have corresponding folders associated to them automatically. If you are creating a sheet set template for an AutoCAD sheet set, you can select this option. This will create a new subfolder in the sheet set every time you create a new sheet subset in the Sheet Set Manager.
To define the properties of the new sheet set template, click Sheet Set Properties.
The Sheet Set Properties dialog box is displayed.
It is not necessary to complete the following fields when you use the sheet set template for an AutoCAD Architecture 2021 toolset project:
Field
Reason
Sheet set data file
The DST file is always stored in the root folder of the project.
Model view
Model view drawing locations are not tracked in AutoCAD Architecture 2021 toolset sheet sets. They are automatically taken from the project views. In an AutoCAD sheet set, this field displays the paths and names of folders that contain drawings used by the sheet set.
Label block for views
These are stored in the view templates.
Callout blocks
These are located on the Tools palette.
Name, Number, Phase, Milestone under Project Control
You associate project information with the project file (APJ), instead of the project sheet set, when you are working in an AutoCAD Architecture 2021 toolset project.
Note: If you enter a project name and project number under Project Control in the Sheet Sets Properties dialog box that differs from the project name and number you entered when you created the project, you will get an error message when editing the project, and be prompted to consolidate the information. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to leave the Project Control fields in the sheet set template empty.
Sheet storage location
The sheets in a project are always stored in the Sheets folder of the project, or in one of its subfolders.
In the Sheet Set Properties dialog box, under Sheet Set, click the setting for Page setup overrides file to define overrides for the project.
In the Select Template dialog box, select a drawing template (DWT) file, and click Open.
Note: Select a template that contains named paper space layouts, and make sure that their plot areas have been set to Layout. Otherwise, you cannot use them as page setup overrides.
None of the other settings under Sheet Set are applied when using the sheet set template for an AutoCAD Architecture 2021 toolset project.
Under Sheet Creation, you define settings for the sheets you create within the sheet set.
To define a default layout for new sheets, click the setting for Sheet creation template.
In the Select Layout as Sheet Template, click to browse for a drawing (DWG) or template (DWT) file, and click Open.
In the Select Drawing dialog box, select the default layout to use to create new sheets, and click OK.
Specify if you want to be prompted for the sheet template each time you create a new sheet:
If you want to…
Then…
be prompted for a sheet template each time you create a new sheet
select Yes for Prompt for Template.
always use the specified template
select No for Prompt for Template.
To add, edit, or delete custom properties, click Edit Custom properties.
For information about Custom Properties, see “Include Information with Sheets and Sheet Sets” in AutoCAD Help.
Note: When working in an AutoCAD Architecture 2021 toolset project, normally you do not use custom properties. In most cases, you use the project details in the Project Browser.
Click OK to close the Sheet Set Properties dialog box. Then, click Next.
The Create Sheet Set - Confirm dialog box displays.
(Optional) In the Type Selector, select a view type from the list, or click Edit Type to modify an existing view type or create a new view type.
Place the cursor near a wall, and click to place the elevation symbol.
Note: As you move the cursor, you can press Tab to change the position of the arrowhead. The arrowhead snaps to perpendicular walls.
To set different interior elevation views, highlight the square shape of the elevation symbol, and click.
The elevation symbol displays with check box options for creating views, as the following image shows.
Tip: The rotation control is useful for aligning to angled elements in the plan.
Select the check boxes to indicate where you want to create elevation views.
Click away from the elevation symbol to hide the check boxes.
Highlight an arrowhead on the symbol to select it.
Click the arrowhead once to view the clip plane:
Elevation symbol with clip plane
The end points of clip planes snap and join to walls. You can resize the width of the elevation by dragging the blue controls. If the blue controls do not display in the view, select the clip plane and click Modify Views tabElement panelElement Properties. In the Instance Properties dialog, select the Crop View parameter, and click OK.
In the Project Browser, select the new elevation view.
The elevation view is designated by a letter and number, for example, Elevation: 1 - a.
ELEVATIONS
pen the RL7-4 file. Save the file as RL7-5.
Open the East Elevation view.
Hide the categories for the People, Landscaping, and any other elements that should not be on the view.
Turn on the Crop Window and adjust it to the edges of the view and to the Garage Floor level. Set the detail level to Fine.
Rename any levels so that the text is all caps. Rename the corresponding views as well.
Some of the level text will change to two lines.
Update the Level Head – Circle family to stretch the text window.
Go to the Families section in the Project Browser.
Expand the Families section if needed. Expand the Annotation Symbols.
Scroll down to the Level – Circle family
Right click on the family and select Edit.
The family will open as a separate file.
Level Head – Circle Family
Edit Choice
The family will open as a separate file. Click on the Name text.
Stretch the box to the left for the text to approximately double the length.
Text Box Stretched
Click the Load into Project button and overwrite the existing version.
Now the level text is one line in height.
Updated Level Text
Add the slope symbol to the roof surfaces.
Set the slope symbol to Triangle and
the Offset from Reference to 1/8″.
When placing the symbol, you will need to press the tab key to cycle through the different roof surfaces.
Add the slope symbol to roof surfaces on the other three elevation views.
Slope Symbol Placed
Open the Material Browser dialog box and select the Asphalt Shingle material. Click the Model selection to find the material.
Set the Surface Pattern to Block 8×16 and the color to light gray. This will simulate the tile surface of the roofs.
Also change the Siding, Clapboard material to light gray.
Surface Pattern Settings
The default settings for the elevation views shown the edges of the view with a thin line weight. Before setting up the sheets, you will modify the line weight for the roof edges, wall edges, window trim, and door trim.
Open the Visibility Graphics Overrides dialog box.
In the Model Categories tab set the following Visibility categories to a line weight of 6:
Doors – Frame/Mullion and Trim, Generic Models – Trim, Roofs, and Walls. For the Generic Models and Doors visibility click on the “+” symbol to expand the category.
Generic Models Line Weight Set to 6
After changing the East elevation view, create a View template called; Exterior Elevations.
Apply this template to the other three exterior elevation views.
Add dimensions for the tops of the windows and doors.
Also add dimensions for the roof overhang. You will need to hide the plastic trim at the wall corners.
Since the Plate Line level was lowered to 17′-0″ earlier, you will need to lower to top of the chimney 1′-0″. Change to the 1-Hip Roof design option and then select the chimney.
Click the Edit Type button and then change the Top Of Masonry parameter to 23′-0″.
Top Of Masonry Parameter
Also dimension the top of the chimney to the roof ridge. You will need to change from the Main Model to the Hip Roof (Primary) option.
Use the Linework tool in the Modify tab to thicken the lines at the edge of the chimney.
Create two sheets for the four elevation views.
The scale of the elevations is 3/8″ = 1′-0″.
East Elevation with Line Weights Applied
Drag and drop the East and North Elevations onto the first sheet and the South and West Elevations onto the second sheet. Position the views in the center of each sheet.
Change the names of the elevation views to all caps and add the word Elevation.
Draw a medium detail line that divides the sheets in half.
Starting with the View Title.rfa file, create a new family for the view title.
Name the family View Title – Medium Text.rfa.
Change the text size for the title of the
view to 3/16″.
Add the word scale in front of the scale label.
Load the family file into the drawing.
Create a new Viewport type called Title w Line – Medium Text.
10)
3D Creation of Ceiling, Roof, Architectural plan, Structural plan, Sectional view, Elevation view and Camera specific view for a house plan using REVIT
Introduction
Inorder to create the ceiling and roof for a building using revit software following steps can be followed:
Ceiling: Open revit software --> Architecture tab --> Ceiling.
Roof: Open revit software --> Architecture tab --> Roof.
Architecture plan, structural plan, sectional view and elevation view can be developed from the view tab.
Ribbon --> View --> Plan views: choose any of the plans like floor plan, structural plan etc.
Sectional view can be developed as follows
View --> Create panel --> section --> then we have to mark where the section is to be created.
Camera specific view is necessary for rendering a building created which provides a reaistic view for the building. This can be developed from the view tab.
View --> 3D view dropdown --> Camera. Then place the camera wherever necessary and develop the camera view.
Aim:
To create the ceiling above the walls at the first floor level.
Procedure:
Initially open the week 3 assignment from the revit software.
Then, first let us create a verandah in the ground floor as well as first floor level, so that roof can be created for the entire structure.
For this initially go to plan view.
Then using the floor option create the floor for the verandah portion as given below:
Now, copy this floor to the level 2 i.e, the first floor level.
Now we have to create a column for the veranda at the ground floor.
Next we have to create the railings for the fir floor verandah.
For this go to railings option in the architecture tab and create the railings.
Now we can place the ceiling, for this go to architecture tab and choose ceiling.
Ceiling is to be provided in the level 2 for the ground floor.
Hence, the ceiling is created.
to model a roof above the ceiling by selecting the footprints of the ceiling and to adjust the roof slope to 10 degrees using adjustment toolbar.
Inorder to create the roof, initially go to architecture tab of the ribbon.
Then choose the roof option. From the roof dropdown choose roof by footprint.
Then using the pick wall option in the modify tab create the roof boundary.
Now, we have to adjust the roof slope to 10 degrees.
Hence, 10 degree slope is created.
To create plan views for ground floor level and first-floor level including all the walls, floors, and components and then separate them to
a) Architecture plan
b) Structural plans.
a) To create architecture plan:
Initially go to view tab of the ribbon then select plan views.
In the plan views, select floor plan.
Click level 1 and go to edit type.
Choose view template applied to new views.
In that select architectural plan.
Then the floor plan is obtained as follows:
Ground floor plan:
First floor plan:
b) To create the structural plan: For this the plan will contain only walls floors and the column as the structural element and is given as follows:
Ground floor structural plan:
First floor structural plan:
Hence, structural plan is also developed.
To add dimensions to all the walls and floors with reference to the longitudinal and transverse grids created in the project file.
a. The architecture plan dimensions include details on where the components are placed within the buildings with relation to grids.
b. The Structure plan dimensions must include details on the position of all the walls and interior walls with reference to grids.
a)
Initially select the floor plan for ground floor.
Go to annotate tab and choose linear dimension and provide linear dimensions in the plan.
For ground floor:
For first floor:
Now go to architecture tab and choose tag rooms option.
Then tag the individual rooms as given below:
Ground floor:
The First floor:
b)
Now we have to create the structural plan dimensions acoording to grid lines.
For this, go to structural plan.
Then go to architectural tab, select grids and draw grids along the walls.
Ground floor:
First floor:
To create a sheet template from the view tab and adjust the parameters on the sheet to add appropriate views.
Initially go to view tab of the panel.
Choose sheet option in the sheet composition panel of the view tab.
Click load option and load more templates.
Select the template and click ok.
Now, choose the view that is to be added in the template.
Add view to the sheet and then adjust the scale so that it fit to the template.
To create the elevation views, looking at your building from East, North, South, and West.
Initially go to view tab of the ribbon.
Choose elevation view.
Then create the elevation view --> north, south, east and west.
The elevation views thus obtained are:
East:
South:
West:
North:
To produce section cut through each room.
Go to view tab of the ribbon.
Select the section view and then section the required room.
Section 1:
Section 2:
Section 3:
Section 4:
Hence, four sections have been created.
To classify the views, Plan Views, Section Views, and Elevation views to either Design or Documentation category using properties browser.
Go to view tab of the ribbon.
Choose property browser.
The following are the different views created.
To create sheet template and add different views in it.
Go to view tab of the ribbon panel.
Choose sheet option and load the template required.
Then add the views in it.
a) Ground floor Architectural plan.
b) First floor Architectural plan.
c) Roof plan.
d) Ground floor structural plan.
e) First floor structural plan.
g)North-south elevation
h) East-West elevation
To create a camera-specific view or a 3D view in each room.
Inorder to create a camera specific view, first go to view tab.
Then choose 3D drop down and in that choose camera.
Now place the camera in the plan view at suitable location to obtain the camera view.
Different camera views are then produced in a template.
Ground floor(GF) views are as given below:
1. Living space- GF
2. Dining space- GF
3. Kitchen-GF
4. Work area-GF
5. Bedroom(view1)-GF
6. Bedroom(view2)-GF
7. Toilet-GF
8. Living space-FF(First Floor)
9. Study room-FF
All the bedroom and toilet views are identical.
Now, we have to create a new set of sheets starting from A501, A502 ....
View-->sheets-->select the template for the sheet.
Then we have to include these views to these sheets.
View-->place a view.
Hence, all the views are added to the sheets.
Results:
1. The ceiling(or first floor level floor) is created , and is given below:
2. Roof created is as given below:
3. Plan views created are:
a)The Architetural plan
For Ground floor:
For First floor:
b) Structural plan:
For Ground floor:
For first floor:
4. a)Architectural plan dimensions
For ground floor:
The First floor:
b) Structural plan with grids
Ground floor:
First floor:
5. The sheets created are as follows:
6. Elevation views created are as follows:
East:
South:
West:
North:
7. There are 4 sections created and the detailing is given below:
Section 1:
Section 2:
Section 3:
Section 4:
8. Classification is given below:
The following are the different views created.
9. Different sheets created is given below:
a)Ground floor Architectural plan.
b) First floor Architectural plan.
c) Roof plan.
d) Ground floor structural plan.
e) First floor structural plan.
g)North-south elevation
h) East-West elevation
10. The sheets created for camera specific 3D views are given below:
7)
Section drawing can be explained with a simple analogy: slicing a loaf of bread.
If you had an unsliced loaf of fruit and nut bread and wanted to know how fruity and nutty it was, you would slice the loaf across the middle (say) and look at the sliced face of one of the two halves.
In an exactly similar manner, if on a computer you had a drawing of a three-dimensional object, say of an AA battery or a shopping mall, and you wanted to know what the inside looked at a particular point along its length (as a simple example), a 'section drawing' would display details of the one of the faces created by the slicing.
Cutting Planes
To determine where exactly you want to slice a three-dimensional computer object, CAD (Computer-Aided-Design) programs require you to position a plane (ie a flat surface) through the object to show where you intend slicing the object.
The concept of cutting planes
Be aware that a cutting plane does not have to be a single flat surface... it can also be a multi-segment assembly of several planes. This kind of cutting plane effectively combines multiple section drawings into one.
A multi-segment cutting plane
The Purpose of a Section Drawing
Section Drawing in Engineering
Engineering objects often have complex inner structures, such as the inside of a jet engine. Like any modern-day objects, they are manufactured based on drawings with comprehensive details.
It is frequently necessary for manufacturers to know what the inside of such objects looks like. For instance, they would need to know how the inner parts fit together for them to assemble the overall object. A section drawing provides that information.
Explanationof engineering section drawing
Section Drawing in Architecture
A building is a three-dimensional object. Architects describe buildings with drawings that include the thickness of floor slabs, roof slabs, inner walls, outer walls, doors, windows, stairs, etc.
Architects often check the correctness of their design by examining a section drawing of the building. More importantly, local planning departments always need a section drawing (or drawings) to decide whether to issue a building permit for the construction of the building.
Architectural section drawing
What is a Wall Section?
Sometimes walls are not as simple as a barrier of bricks or concrete blocks. Walls of single-family homes often have an interior wooden framework filled with insulating material (batten); industrial buildings often have a metal framework with a waterproof barrier sandwiched between two insulation layers.
Wall Section Drawing Example
The Difference Between Section and Elevation Drawings
A section drawing is a view taken after you 'slice' an object, then look at the surface created by the slicing.
An elevation drawing is a view taken from a point outside the objectwithout any slicing.
In both cases, the object should be standing on its base when the view is taken.
Elevation Drawing Example
Difference Between Section and Detail Drawings
As mentioned above, A section drawing is a view taken after you 'slice' an object, then look at the surface created by the slicing.
A detail drawingmagnifies a specific part of a larger drawing. The specific part is often too small to be clearly seen in the larger drawing, hence the need for 'spot magnification.'
A detail drawing is a view of a specific part of the complex drawing. It is often drawn on a separate sheet to provide space for the dimensions which could not be fitted into the complex drawing. Sometimes several detail drawings will fit onto the separate sheet.
The drawing below contains two detail drawings in circular outlines, magnifying parts of the larger drawing on the left.
Many detail drawings contain section drawings as in the example above.
Types of Section Drawings
Full Section
A full section shows a slice across the entire object and is required when the object is not symmetrical.
A full section drawing
Half Section
When an object is symmetrical, it is often superfluous to draw the full section, since one side of the section will be the mirror image of the other.
A half section drawing
Longitudinal Section
A longitudinal section drawing is when the cutting plane is along the larger axis of the object.
Above is a photograph of St Matthew's Church at Brixton, UK. A longitudinal section drawing of it is to its right.
A lateral section drawing is more correctly termed a transverse section drawing. This results when the cutting plane is along the smaller axis of the object.
Above is a photograph of St Matthew's Church at Brixton, UK. A lateral section drawing is to its right.
A section is said to be offset when the cutting plane consists of multiple segments
The concept of offset section drawing
Broken-out Section
In this case the cutting plane is multi-segment and does not extend entirely across the item. Instead it turns perpendicular to the view midway.
The concept of a broken-out section drawing
Source: MokhdarPadeli
Revolved Section
Here the section drawing is rotated by 90 degrees from its actual position.
The concept of a revolved section drawing
Source: Beerza
Removed Section
A removed section drawing is when the section view is not positioned as projected from another view of the object. Removed sections are typically used when there are space constraints in the layout space.
Most often the removed section does not show details of what is behind the cutting plane.
The concept behind a removed section drawing
Source: makingthat.wordpress.com
How to Create a Section Drawing
The best way to create a section drawing of an object is to use CAD (computer-aided design) software. There are several such software platforms available with varying capabilities, and the more the capabilities the higher the prices, which range from $30 to more than $10,000 (!!).
1.
Decide where you want to slice (section) your object:
2.
Using the cutting plane line tools of your CAD software, draw the cutting plane line (named AA in this case):
You can draw the cutting plane line in a plan view if you need to:
3.
Click the 'create section' tool in your CAD software, and the object will be sectioned:
4.
Convert the section to 2D view if you wish (using the tools in your CAD software).
The diagonal lines in a section view are called 'hatching."
Should hidden lines be shown in a section view?
Hidden lines should not be shown in section views unless absolutely necessary, as in the example below:
How to Draw a Section Perspective
Also called a "perspective section", a section perspective is usually produced by architects to illustrate a lifelike sectional view of a project. It typically tapers towards the rear (hence the name 'perspective'), just as it would in real life.
The perspective is usually colored andshaded in the proposed colors and may include furniture and people:
8)
Plan, Section, and Elevation are different types of drawings used by architects to graphically represent a building design and construction. A plan drawing is a drawing on a horizontal plane showing a view from above. An Elevation drawing is drawn on a vertical plane showing a vertical depiction. A section drawing is also a vertical depiction, but one that cuts through space to show what lies within.
Plan
Section
Elevation
I am Jorge Fontan, an architect in New York and owner of . In this post, I will review some of the basic concepts of architectural drawing.
Plan Drawing Definition
Plan drawings are specific drawings architects use to illustrate a building or portion of a building. A plan is drawn from a horizontal plane looking down from above. This is as if you sliced through a space horizontally and stood over looking down on it. Plans are a common design drawing and technical architectural or engineering convention for graphic representation of architecture. With the exception of plan perspectives, plan drawings are orthographic projections. This means they are not drawn in perspective and there is no foreshortening.
There are different types of plan drawings:
Plan
Plan Callout or Blow Up Plan
Plan Detail
Site Plan
Roof Plan
Reflected Ceiling Plan or RCP
Plan Perspective
Plan Drawings
A plan drawing shows a view from above. This is often used to depict the layout of a building, showing locations of rooms and windows, walls, doors, stairs etc. Although plan drawings can be drawn from above, they are often drawn cutting through the building with horizontal plane. The plan is typically cut at a height of about 4 feet, but the architect drawing the plan may cut it at a different height. This means that you have an imaginary plane cutting through the building at an elevation of 4 feet above the floor. Therefore, you see in the cut anything that the plane passes through.
Plan Callouts
Another common architectural convention is the use of plan callouts. A callout is an area within the plan that is drawn at a larger scale. For example, if I have a floor plan at 1/4″ = 1′-0″ scale of a house, I might have a callout of the kitchen and bathrooms, showing them at 1/2″ = 1′-0″ scale. Half inch scale is twice as large as quarter inch scale.
Plan Details
Details in architectural drawings are large scale drawings that typically show how something is built. Details identify all the materials and connections for construction. Details are normally 3/4″ = 1′-0″ or larger. Plan details are drawn in a plan view at a large scale to show the construction.
Site Plan
A site plan may or may not be drawn cutting through the building. A site plan is going to show more than just the building, including the entire site the building is located on. This can show the property lines, the building location, utilities, roads, landscape etc. A site plan will most typically be drawn from above the building, as if showing a roof plan of the building within the site plan. Sometimes the site plan can be drawn as a first floor plan being cut through the first floor. This is done to show the relationship from the exterior of the building to the interior entrance.
Roof Plan
A Roof Plan is a plan of a building or house that is not cutting through the building but drawn from above. This shows everything on top of the building including the roof layout, stair bulkheads, parapets, and potentially roof equipment.
Reflected Ceiling Plan (RCP)
A Reflected Ceiling Plan is a plan of the ceiling within a space. This is drawn looking down as if there is a mirror on the floor reflecting the ceiling. The reflected ceiling plan is often referred to as an RCP. This architectural drawing will show things light lighting, structure, ceiling heights, soffits, etc…. When I was in my first semester of architecture school the RCP was the hardest drawing for me to understand but it makes perfect sense once you get it.
Plan Perspectives
A plan perspective is a drawing of a plan but shown in perspective. This is more of a design drawing meant to show what the space is going to look like and less how the space will be built.
Elevation Drawing Definition
Elevation drawings are a specific type of drawing architects use to illustrate a building or portion of a building. An Elevation is drawn from a vertical plane looking straight on to a building facade or interior surface. This is as if you directly in front of a building and looked straight at it. Elevations are a common design drawing and technical architectural or engineering convention for graphic representation of architecture. Elevation drawings are orthographic projections. This means they are not drawn in perspective and there is no foreshortening.
There are different types of Elevation Drawings:
Elevation
Interior Elevation
Elevation Call Out
Elevation Detail
Section Drawing Definition
Section drawings are a specific type of drawing architects use to illustrate a building or portion of a building. A section is drawn from a vertical plane slicing through a building. This is as if you cut through a space vertically and stood directly in front looking straight at it. Sections are a common design drawing and technical architectural or engineering convention for graphic representation of architecture. Section drawings are orthographic projections (with the exception of section perspectives). This means they are not drawn in perspective and there is no foreshortening.
There are different types of section drawings:
Section
Section Callout or Blow Up Section
Plan Detail
Site Plan
Reflected Ceiling Plan or RCP
Plan Section Elevation Drawings
As an architect, I study drawing closely, but these are complicated and quite involved issues. In this article, we reviewed some of the basic concepts with regards to Plan, Section, Elevation Drawings in Architecture. This post does not assume to cover every possible issue or condition, but provide a general overview of the topic.
If you would like to read about the architectural process we have another.
Thank you for reading our blog post on Plan, Section, Elevation Architectural Drawings.
I hope this was helpful. Please leave questions and comments below. If you would like to speak with an architect, you can contact us directly.
9)
How to quickly create multiple sheets with same format in Excel?
For example, you have created a sheet with a specific formatting, and now you want to create multiple sheets with the same format as this sheet, how could you quickly solve this task in Excel? This tutorial is talking about methods to create multiple sheets with same format.
Create sheets with same format by Move or Copy
In Excel, you can use the Move or Copy command to create a sheet with same format as the sheet you select.
1. Click at the sheet which is with the format you need on the Sheet Tab bar, and right click to select Move or Copy from the context menu. See screenshot:
2. Then in the popping dialog, check Create a copy option. See screenshot:
3. Click OK. A new sheet is created with same format in the front of the selected sheet. See screenshot:
Note:
(1) You also can click Home > Format > Move or Copy Sheet to enable the Move or Copy dialog.
(2) With this method will be time-consuming when you need to create hundreds of sheets with same format.
Create sheets with same format by VBA
There is a VBA code can help you quickly create multiple sheets with same format at once.
1. Press Alt + F11 keys to open Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications window, then click Insert > Module, copy and paste below code to the Module window.
VBA: Create sheets with same format.
Sub CopyWorkSheets()
'Updateby20150526
Dim xNumber As Integer
Dim xWsName As String
On Error Resume Next
xTitleId = "KutoolsforExcel"
xWsName = Application.InputBox("Copy worksheet name", xTitleId, , Type:=2)
xNumber = Application.InputBox("Copy number", xTitleId, , Type:=1)
For i = 1 To xNumber
Application.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets(xWsName).Copy _
After:=Application.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets(xWsName)
Next
End Sub
2. Press F5 key to run the VBA code, then a dialog pops out for you to type the worksheet name you need to copy its format.
3. Click OK, and specify the number of copies you need into another popping dialog. See screenshot:
4. Click OK. Then there are six copies of worksheets with the same format created.
Create sheets with same format by Copy Multiple Worksheets of Kutools for Excel
If you do not like to use VBA, here I introduce you a handy tool – Kutools for Excel, you can use its Copy Worksheets utility to quickly and easily create sheets with same format.
After Kutools for Excel, please do as below:
1. Click Kutools Plus > Worksheet > Copy Worksheets. See screenshot:
2. In the Copy Multiple Worksheets dialog, do as below:
(1) Check the worksheet name you want to copy its format from the list box of Copy the selected worksheets;
(2) Specify the number of the copies;
(3) Specify the place you want to put the copies.
3. Click Ok, a dialog pops out to remind you the copies are successfully created. Click OK to close it.
Now you can see the specified number of sheets have been created with same format.
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Project 2 - Review of Shear, Moment & Splice connections in StaadPro Connection Module
Objective:
Aim : To determine the Typical shear, moment and Splice joints in Staad Connection module for the following 2D portal framed structure modelled in staadpro are required to be designed with following inputs/data-Also report to be Generated. Given data: Supports o 2D Frame …
1) Aim: To design a multi-story Residential Building located in Bangalore using STAAD Pro Connect Edition. Procedure: Unit weight of the materials Reinforced Cement Concrete = 25kNmm3���3 Plain Cement Concrete = 24kNmm3���3 Cement Concrete Screed = 20kNmm3���3 Cement Masonry Units = 22kNmm3���3…
1) Aim: To design a multi-story Residential Building located in Bangalore using STAAD Pro Connect Edition. Procedure: Unit weight of the materials Reinforced Cement Concrete = 25k Plain Cement Concrete = 24k Cement Concrete Screed = 20k Cement Masonry Units = 22k Structural Steel = 78.5k Soil = 18k Dead…
1) Aim :- The primary load cases to be considered for design. One – Way slab the value of unit weight of structural steel and soil Procedure :- Dead Load (IS-875: PART1) Live Load (IS-875: PART2) Wind Load (IS-875: PART3) Snow Load (IS-875: PART4) Seismic Load (IS 1893:…
— Select this button to italicize the text. You can also press Ctrl+I to enable and disable italics.
— Deselect this button to remove the first witness line from the dimension:
— Deselect this button to remove the second witness line from the dimension:
— Trims the leader line to the position of the dimension annotation. This can be used when the end of the leader is obvious, for example, in base-point and chain dimensions. Trimming leaders is only possible for linear dimensions.
Trim leader to text deselected — The leader line is not trimmed.
Trim leader to text selected. The leader line is trimmed to the dimension annotation.
— Embeds the text in the leader line:
— This changes all text so that it is positioned horizontally to the principal plane.
— Select this button to display the true measurements for linear dimensions. Deselect the button to display the projected linear dimension.
— Select this button to display the diameter symbol before the dimension value. If the dimension is the radius of an arc, the value changes to its diameter.
— Use this button to switch between straight and dog-leg leader lines for radial and ordinate dimensions:
— Resets the attributes to the settings on the Dimension pages on the Options dialog.
— Restart creating base-point, chain and ordinate dimensions.
Options.
. In the Browse for Sheet Set dialog box, select a sheet set (DST) file, click Open, and then click Next.
Note: The location of a sheet set template (DST file) does not define the location of project sheet sets created from that template. A project sheet set is always stored in the root folder of the associated project.
Scroll down to the Level – Circle family
Change the text size for the title of the
.
. From the roof dropdown choose roof by footprint.
