Question. 1 A lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is an advanced battery technology that uses lithium ion as key component. Based on the material used for its cathode electrode, it is classified as the types given below. Types of Lithium- ion battery           1. Lithium Cobolt Oxide (LCO)    …

1. BMS Model A Battery Management System (BMS) is an electronic system that manages a rechargable battery pack by protecting the battery from operating outside safe operating region, monitoring its state, calculating the datas, reporting those datas and controlling its environment. The BMS is responsible for battery life…

The datasheet values of ANR26650M1-B cell is given below Voltage- 3.3 V Capacity- 2.6Ah Energy- 8.25 Wh Assuming the voltage required for the motor is 72 V Series cells No of cells in series=72/3.3=22 Therefore we need 22 ANR26650 cells in series connection  The total capacity C= Energy/voltage=18000/72=250Ah Parallel…

Assuming LIR18650 Lithium ion cell, the battery pack is created according to the data sheet shown below   For a 10 cell series connection the voltage will be 10*3.7=37 V  The current rating for 10 series connected pack will be 2.6Ah Therefore a 10 cell series connected LIR 18650 lithium battery pack will have…

1. Types of Fuel cells   FC TYPE ALKALINE(AFC) PROTON EXCHANGE(PEM & HTPEM) PHOSPHORIC ACID (PAFC) MOLTEN CARBONATE (MCFC) SOLID OXIDE (SOFC) Anode Platinum or Carbon (GenCell) Platinum Platinum Steel/nickel Ceramic Electrolyte Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) Polymer Membrane Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) Molten Carbonate…

Question.1 b. False The powe density of ultra capacitor is very high compared to the battery. Since the acceleration and braking is very harsh the vehicle need more power to move the vehicle according to the acceleration. Hence in hybrid vehicles the peak powers are delivered from ultracapacitors and the average powers, …

Simulink model for the flowchart Subsystem model The power demand for the vehicle is created by using a signal builder as shown below The output obtained as graph is shown below It is clear from the graph that whenever the power demand is above 1000 or below 100 the battery will supply the demand and whenever the demand…

Simulink model The driver subsystem models is shown below The vehicle model subsystem is shown below The signal builder graph is shown below The velocity output of the total system is given below      

Simulink model The SOC subsystem is created as shown below Subsystem has been created for 1. Current 2. Open circuit voltage 3. Charge 4. Voltage Subsystem of Current Subsystem of Open circuit voltage Subsystem of voltage The plots obtained for SOC is given below The plots obtained for voltage and current are given below…

Energy management strategy model with battery, Ultra capacitor and fuel cell for positive power The positive power from the signal builder is shown below The subsystem of the positive power block is given below The FC_backup block subsystem is shown below The Battery backup subsystem model is shown below The output is…

1. Voltage- 120V     Power- 150Kw     Current= Power/Voltage                = 150000/120                =1250 Amps NMC Cell values Voltage- 3.6V Current- 3500 mAh Current- 3.5Ah To design battery pack configuration we have…

The main blocks of the model is shown above which consists of  1. Driver block 2. Electric power train block 3. Vehicle model   1. Driver block Based on the desired velocity and actual velocity the driver block gives acceleration and brake output. This block uses a PID controller to produce the desired output. The technique…

a. Maximum heat generation of the battery. Maximum heat generated= Joule heat+ Entropic heat   Joule heat= Isquare*R*t                =-0.896 square*0.5milli*120                =48.17milli Joules.   b. SOC of the battery  To…