Introduction to National Building Code and Steps in a Construction project

1) Why are building codes or standards essential for the modeling/ efficiency of drawings in Revit ?

Answer 1:

The national building codes is a document that provides guideline for construction of structures like residential, mercantile, institutional, educational, commercial, assembly and storage spaces or even a hazardous building also. It is important to follow these guidelines that are meant to protect the overall health of the construction and ensure the health and safety of the public and the residence.

The building code is essential for the modelling of drawing due to below points -

1. A set of standards that are uniform to all the structures- These building codes are provide a set of standards that are uniform to all the structures therefore we get the modelling process
2. It protects the construction safety- These codes protect the overall health of the construction as well as the public and residence then the designer constantly refers these building codes for modelling which enhance their knowledge in this field.
3. Modern construction method- these standards help the government agencies to approve the plants as it become the love of particular jurisdiction went formally enacted by appropriate government or authority
4. Provides building standards- it provides the building standards with approval of government agencies for approving the plan.

2) From the National Building Code list the groups that will be essential to you when you begin modeling in Autodesk Revit.

Answer 2:

For the convenience of the user the national building code of India 2016 is available as a comprehensive volume as well as in the following 5 groups:

• Group 1: For Development Building Planning and Related Accepts
  • Part 0: Integrated Approach – Prerequisite for Applying Provision of The Code
  • Part 1: Definitions
  • Part 2: Administration
  • Part 3: Development Control Rules and General Building Requirements
  • Part 4: Fire and Life Safety
  • Part 5: Building Materials
  • Part 10: Landscape Development Signs and Outdoor Display
    • Section 1: Landscape Planning, Design and Development
    • Section 2: To Signs and Outdoor Display Structure
  • Part 11: Approach to Sustainability
• Group 2: For Structural Design and Related Except
  • Part 0: Integrated Approach Prerequisite for Applying Provision of The Code
  • Part 6: Structural Design
    • Section 1: Loads Forces and Effects
    • Section 2: Soils and Foundations
    • Section 3: Timber and Bamboo
      • 3A: Timber
      • 3B: Bamboo
    • Section 4: Machinery
    • Section 5: Concrete
      • 5A: Plane and Reinforced Concrete
      • 5B: Prostrated Concrete
    • Section 6: Steel
    • Sections 7: Prefabrication, System Building and Mixed/ Composite Construction
      • 7A: Prefabricated Concrete
      • 7B: System Building and Mixed/ Composite Construction
    • Section 8: Glass and Glazing
  • Part 11: Approach and Sustainability
• Group 3: For Aspects Relating to Construction, And Assist/ Facility Management
  • Part 0: Integrated Approach Prerequisite for Applying Provisions of The Code
  • Part 7: Construction Management, Practices and Safety
  • Part 11: Approach to Sustainability
  • Part 12: Assist and Facility Management
• Group 4: For Aspects Relating to Building Services
  • Part 0: Integrated Approach Prerequisite for Applying Provision of The Code
  • Part 8: Building Services
    • Section 1: Lighting and Natural Ventilation
    • Section 2: Electrical and Allied Installation
    • Section 3: Air Conditioning, Heating and Mechanical Ventilation
    • Section 4: Acoustic, Sound Insulation and Noise Control
    • Section 5: Installation of Lifts, Accelerators and Moving Walk
      • 5A: Lifts
      • 5B: Accelerator and Moving Walk
    • Sections 6: Information and Communication Enabled Installations
  • Part 11: Approach to Sustainability
• Group 5: For Expects Relating to Plumbing Services and Solid Waste Management
  • Part 0: Integrated Approach Prerequisite for Applying Provision of The Code
  • Part 9: Plumbing Services Including Solid Waste Management
    • Section 1: Water Supply
    • Section 2: Drainage and Sanitation
    • Section 3: Solid Waste Management
    • Section 4: Gas Supply
  • Part 11: Approach and Sustainability

3) List the five major steps that occur in project cycle . The steps should include from conceptualization of project to maintenance and final stage.

Answer 3:

the basic steps of conceptualization of project to final stages are:

1. Initiation: In the stage, it is necessary to figure out the project, figure out the objective of the project, determine whether the project is feasible, and identify the major deliverables from the project. The major steps involved in the initiation stage is undertaking a feasibility study then identifying the scope, identify the deliverables become out of this project, identifying the project stack holders and finally developing year statement of work
2. Planning: once the project is approved to move forward based on business case, statement of work or project initiation document, the next phase is planning. During this phase a large project is broken down into smaller tasks. To creating a smaller goal with the larger projects making sure each is achievable within the timeframes, smaller goals should have high potential for success. The major steps of this planning stages are need to create a project plan, need to create a workflow diagram, estimating a budget, gathering resources, anticipating risk and potential quality of road blocks and finally moulding a project kick off meeting.
3. Execution: This face turns plan into action, that is from plan to action, the project manager job is to keep the work on track. He or she organised team members to manage timelines and make sure that the work is done according to the original plan. This execution stage may have a step called creating tasks and organising work flows, briefing team members about the projects, communicating with the team members, monitoring quality of work then finally managing the budget as per the initiation project.
4. Closure: Once the team has completed work on a project, closure face starts. In this closure phase to provide final deliverables, release and determine the success of the project. The major steps involved in the closure projects are, to analyse project performance, analysing team performance, documenting project closure and need to conducting post implementation reviews and finally accounting for used and unused budget.

4) Give examples of different disciplines involved in construction of a project

Answer 4:

Different discipline involved in construction projects:

• Construction: Construction managing the building of civil engineering system from beginning to end which includes the coordination between both the owners, contractors and even the designer
• Finance and estimating: For this discipline they can operating in the business world to including accounting, financial contracts and estimating the cost of activities
• Contracts and bid: Demonstrating strong bidding practices and effective contract administration as integral to quitting the next job or project as a construction manager
• Geotechnical: Designing foundations and earthquake system to support soil itself and transfer load from structures into the year while limiting settlements.
• Management: Managing equipment, personnel and supply s build more effectively also efficiently and as well as economically.
• Structural: Designing system of structural members used to support loads for a specified public function such as a bridge, buildings, dams and some towers.
• Surveying: To measure physical features to include horizontal distance and elevation differences to determine the property lines layout, building and producing the maps

Apart from these disciplines, we will have architects, civil engineering, plumbing, mechanical and electrical people in a single construction project.

5) How are buildings classified ? Place the following buildings under each category
             a. Four unit apartments
             b. School with capacity of 1000 students
             c. A single unit shop.
             d. Multi story Shopping complex
             e. Steel machine factory

Answer 5:

Buildings are classified as:

• Group A - Residential building
• Group B - Educational building
• Group C - Assembly building
• Group D - Institutional building
• Group E - Mercantile building
• Group F - Business building
• Group G - Storage building
• Group H - Industrial building
• Group J - Hazardous building

we need to categorise the building as per the NBC notes:

1. Four-unit apartments: Group A - Residential building
2. School with capacity of 1000 students: Group B - Educational building
3. The single unit shop: Group E - Mercantile building
4. Multistorey shopping complex: Group E - Mercantile building
5. Steel machine factory: Group H - Industrial building

• Residential buildings: When more than half of the floor area is used to dealing purpose than the building is considered at the residential building.
• Educational buildings: Buildings which used for educational institute such as schools, colleges or day care centres are categories as educational building these buildings promote aggregation of industrial educational and recreation activities related to educational purpose.
• Merchant buildings: These types of buildings are part of building that are used for housing shop store showrooms or market where display and sale of wholesale goods, retail goods or merchandise is carried out.
• Industrial buildings: These types of buildings or part of building where product or materials are all kinds and prospects are fabricated, assembled, manufactured or process are known as industrial building.

6) Distinguish the roles of Design team and Management team

Answer 6:

ROLE OF DESIGN TEAM:

• Helps to Finalise the Plan: the project requiring such multidisciplinary inputs needs a coordinated approach among the professionals for proper integration of various design inputs, and to take care of the complexities of the multidisciplinary requirements a design team of professionals from required disciplines shall be constituted at the appropriate stage. It is desirable that the multidisciplinary integration is initiated right from the conceptual stage itself the team shall finalise the plan.
• Evaluationaries In the Project: the composition of team shall depend on the nature and magnitude of the project. Design is an evolutionary and participatory process, where participation of owner constitutes very important input at the head of all the stages and the same shall be ensured by design team
• Implementation of the Designs: to ensure proper implementation of the design the design team may associated during the both construction and even execution stage also they are followed the rule of NBC 2005 NBC 4.1

ROLE OF MANAGEMENT TEAM:

• Accomplishment of Projects: management team are primarily having to achieve accomplishment of projects in accordance with the design and specification in a stipulated time as well as the cost framework. so, their first duty is they have to accomplish the project with efficient time and as per the budget
• Execute the Design: these teams also responsible for the day-to-day execution as well as the design supervision, quality control etc and they also ensure interdisciplinary coordination during the construction stage.
• Achieves the Satisfactory Completion of the Project: if they have also responsible to achieve satisfactory completion of the project with regard to past, time and quality some members of design team may also include in this team. it is important that the leaders and members of this team depending on the size and complexity projects are carefully selected considering their qualification experience and expertise in this fields.

So, all their works both design team and management team roles followed as per the NBC 4.1 and 4.2.

7) Refer to NBC, Identify the modeling requirements for the project ( from week 4).
            a. Height Limitations
            b. Area Limitations
            c. Room sizing
            d. Wall height
            e. Thickness based on fire life and safety
            f. Passageway requirements

Answer 7:

• Height Limitation: As per the NBC 2005 clause C-2.5, they provided the limitation of the height shall not exceed 15 metres. In my model the hight of building is 7 meters, which is satisfying the rule of NBC.

• Area Limitation: Aera limitation as per NBC 2005 clause 2.3.1 the minimum plot size with ground coverage not exceeding 75%, shall not be less than 40 sqm in small and medium towns, and not less than 30 sqm in metropolitan. In model the area coverage is 40’ x 24’ that is 90 sqm, which is satisfying the rule of NBC guideline.
• Room Sizing: NBC 2005 clause 3.3 they have provided the carpet area of multipurpose single room should be at least 12.5 sqm. In a House of 2 rooms first should not be less than 9 sqm and the second room should not be less than 6.5 metre square. In my model the number of rooms of the building is 4 so the total area of the room is 2 x 16.44 = 32.88 sqm and 2 x 16.54 = 33.08 sqm so total area is 65.96 sqm which is greater than the value specified national building code.

• Wall Height: Opening to the NBC 2005 clause F-3.4 the minimum hight of room and space should be:
  • habitable room is 2.75 metre
  • Kitchen is 2.6 metres
  • Bath / water closet is 2.2
  • Corridor is 2.1

In case of sloping roof, the average height of roof for habitable room shall be 2.75 metre and the minimum height at eaves shall be 2.1 m. In my model the walls have height is 2.94 metre which is greater than the minimum worldwide specified in the code hence it is satisfied.

• Thickness Based on Fire and Life Safety: Thickness of fire and life safety is provided in the Table 2 cluse 3.3.2 in the MBC 2005 they are providing lot of thickness value based on both fire and life safety. In my model wall thickness is 6 inches that is about 150mm, which is greater than the specified value mentioned in the NBC code book.

• Passageway Requirements: As per requirements limitation MBC is provided in the table 1 cluse 4.3 of NBC 2005.

8) We have identified requirements for modeling from question 7, Use these numbers from code book and verify the numbers used in modeling the unit from week 2 to week 4. If the numbers are not reasonable, use the numbers obtained from the code book to create a revision of the mode.

This model resembles the actual modeling requirements for Project 1 of course work

Answer 8:

In my residential building which is being used in week 2 to 4, is satisfying the cluses of the National Building Code of India

• Height Limitation:

• Area Limitation:

• Room Sizing:

• Wall Height:

• Thickness based on Fire and Life Safety: