I)Introduction: Centrifugal sedimentation proccess: A given particle in a given fluid settles under gravitational force at fixed maximum rate.To increase the settling rate, the force of the gravity acting on the particle may be replaced by a much stronger centrifugal force.Centroifugal separators have to,…

Introduction Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis Conjugate heat transfer analysis is generally implemented when there is a temperature variation during heating and cooling in the material due to interaction between solid and fluid phases.It is the combination of heat transfer in solids to heat transfer in fluids.The exchange…

  I. Introduction In this project, a steady state Conjugate heat Transfer analysis on a Graphics card model is performed. Conjugate Heat transfer analysis  Conjugate heat transfer refers to the coupling of conduction which is taking place in solids with the mode of radiative heat transfer in the surrounding process…

LAMINAR INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW SIMULATION THROUGH A PIPE IN OPENFOAM: [PART2/2]: sYMMETRY bOUNDARY CONDITION: OBJECTIVES: 1. Creating the Mesh-Script(blockMeshDict file) with symmetry Boundary conditions. 2. Simulation Results and post Processing the velocity profile at different points of the pipe for fully developed flow…

  2D Heat conduction Equation: 1) For Transient state analysis `(del^2T/(delx^2) +del^2T/(dely^2))alpha= delT/dt` Transient state solution scheme(both implicit and explicit) 1. matrix inversion(Implicit) method 2. Explicit method 2) For steady state analysis `del^2T/(delx^2) + del^2T/(dely^2)= 0` steady state solution…

      To write the program to solve the following ODE.This ODE represents the equation of a motion of a damped simple pendulum. `d^2theta/dt^2 + (c/m)*d(theta)/dt + g/l*sintheta=0` `theta= angular displacement in radian` c = damping coefficient m = mass of the pendulum g = acceleration due to gravity l =…

Objective :  To write a program that compares the first, second and fourth order approximations of the first derivative against the analytical or exact derivative and calculates the error as absolute difference of the approximations against exact / analytical derivative .    The function `f(x)=…

First order Approximation: % first order approximation function [error] = first_order_approximation(x,dx) analytical_derivative = (x^3*cos(x)-sin(x)*3*x^2)/(x^6); approximation_first_order = (sin(x+dx)/((x+dx)^3)-sin(x)/(x^3))/dx error = abs(approximation_first_order - analytical_derivative); end   Second order Approximation:…

I)Introduction COMBUSTION: It is a high temperature exothermic reaction(redox) between a fuel(reductant ) and an oxidant or the oxidizer to release a large amount of chemically bound energy.A flame is a characteristic indicator of the combustion reaction.It is a sequence of elementary radical reactions.Solid fuels undergoes…

Objective: The objective of the project is to write a code for the Quasi 1D Supersonic nozzle flow simulation for both conservative and non-conservative form of governing equation using MaCcormack method. To compare the results obtained by implementing Conservative and non-conservative form of governing equation To perform…

FVM-(Finite Volume Method) Finite  volume method provides a robust way of discretizating the governing equations to solve certain Heat Transfer and Fluid flow problems. similar to the FDM technique wherein derivatives are written in form of the differences that is applied on the points/nodes. FVM applies the same…

I. Introduction A gate valve is a barrier that acts as a obstruction to the path of the fluid.Passage to the fluid is given by lifting the gate. A gate valve opens by lifting a barrier(gate) out of the path of the fluid. gate valve require very little space along the pipe axis and hardly restrict the flow of the fluid…

I>PART 1   I. Introduction This project is on analyzing the flow over a cylinder to study the effects of shedding of vortex in Steady as well as transient state.Vortex shedding is a phenomenon which occurs when fluid air or water passes through a cylinder or a bluff body wall.The vortex shedding depends on…

  Introduction Practical CFD models that have been based on the Mathematical Analysis of Rayleigh Taylor Waves are:- 1.KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ OR RAYLEIGH TAYLOR HYBRID MODEL: This model was used to predict the primary breakup of the intact liquid core of the jet and the Rayleigh Taylor model determines the effects of acceleration…

Derivation of 4th order approximation of 2nd order derivative. Fourth order approximations of the second order derivative using the following schemes are derived with the help of programming in MATLAB Central difference scheme Skewed right sided difference scheme Skewed left sided difference scheme A Matlab code is written…

  I. Introduction   The main objectives of automotive aerodynamics are reducing of drag, minimizing noise emission, improving fuel economy and eradicating undesired lift forces and other causes of aerodynamic instability which can arise at high speeds. The generic ahmed body reference model has been chosen as…

Abstract:In this problem, the analysis of transient solver for incompressible laminar flow of newtonian fluids is performed by OpenFOAM software tool.An initial Mathematical analysis of Reynolds No. is calculated to figure out the appropriate CFD codes to be used.OpenFOAM case file like the controlDict file and blockMeshdict…

[Part 1/2]: [1]INTRODUCTION In this project we aim to simulate a section of pipe of Wedge shaped geometry to understand various aspects of flow through a pipe.The fluid chosen is water. The flow is laminar and incompressible. The specified Reynolds No. is 2100 Internal flow occurs when the fluid is filled entirely in a…

`In this project, a matlab code was written to calculate the air-fuel ratio (stochiometric ratio, ar), for alkanes, alkenes and alkynes. The variation of 'ar' with number of Carbon atoms in alkanes, alkenes and alkynes were compared.   `For Alkanes, the general combustion equation is C n H 2 n + 2 + a r ( O 2 + 3.76…

Introduction Backward Facing Step is an benchmark model for f low analysis inside a channel with a sudden expansion where friction loss takes place due to the pressure difference. It consists of re-circulation zones(eddies) at the tip of the change in cross-section. The flow reattaches itself at the downstream of the chamber.…

Introduction Channel flow  is a very basic problem in biofluid dynamics. The solution for this problem is necessary to simulate blood flow in the human body, for example, in the heart or in veins.  Here we are mainly constrained by the bounding ewalls with no slip condition and the viscous effects will grow and…

Introduction: A valve designed to regulate the supply of a fluid (as steam or gas and air) to an engine and are operated by a handwheel, a lever, or automatically by a governor. Especially : the valve in an internal-combustion engine incorporated in and are regulated for controlling the volume of vaporized fuel charge…

Introduction: Defnition of throttle valve A valve designed to regulate the supply of a fluid (as steam or gas and air) to an engine and are operated by a handwheel, a lever, or automatically by a governor. Especially : the valve in an internal-combustion engine incorporated in and are regulated for controlling the volume…

Literature Review on Boundary Conditions: 1. Dirichlet boundary conditionIn Dirichlet boundary condition, the value of function is specified at the boundary.This boundary condition is generally used while solving linear problems. 2. Neumann boundary conditionIn Neumann boundary condition, the value of normal derivative…

Objectives: 1. Grid dependence test as the primary objective starting with an initial base grid To run grid dependence test on 3 grid size and show that the outlet temperature converges to a particular value. Effect of supercycle stage interval 2. Supercyle stage interval is set to 0.01,0.02 and 0.03 For these three run,…

Introduction:Shock tubes are used to replicate and direct blast waves to simulate actual explosions and their effects in a scaled down geometry. They are used to investigate compressible flow phenomena and gas-phase combustion reactions. A shock wave inside a shock tube may be generated by a small explosion (blast-driven)…

OBJECTIVE Boundary Flagging & Regions - Extract Boundaries from Geometry and naming them and assign their appropriate regions. Surface preparation – To remove all surface errors and perform surface cleanup. No-Hydro Case setup - Run the Case for Checking Mesh motions in the Geometry for the case without solving…

Objective: To find the expressions for Reynolds stress by applying Reynolds decomposition to the Navier-Stokes equations. Introduction Turbulence Modeling is the construction and use of a mathematical model to predict the effects of turbulence. Turbulence modelling is used to calculate the Reynolds stress and turbulent…

OBJECTIVES Set up Spray modeling - Injector & Nozzles + Source modelling of the spark ignition. Full Hydrodynamic Case-setup - Combustion modeling, Grid Control parameters, AMR + Fixed Embedding. Combustion of the stochiometric species, Species mass fraction. Plot and evaluate emissions characteristics(Nox, soot, CO,…

Objectives: To make the engine sector surface by providing the bowl profile. (sector is made to be computationally efficient, rather than simulating the entire domain). To set up the case for spray, combustion, and emissions. To post-process the results and perform a comparative study for the selected bowl configurations.…

PFI Engine: 1. What is the Compression ratio for the engine? Compression ratio is defined as the ratio of the maximum to minimum volume in the cylinder of an internal combustion engine. Compression ratio of an engine = `V_max/V_min`=`(V_d + V_c)/V_c` `V_c =`Clearance Volume `V_d=`Displacement volume According to the simulation…

Objectives: To make the engine sector surface by providing the bowl profile. (sector is made to be computationally efficient, rather than simulating the entire domain). To set up the case for spray, combustion, and emissions. To post-process the results and perform a comparative study for the selected bowl configurations.…