Week 1 Challenge

1. What is the full form of OEM? 

• Original Equipment Manufacturer

2. How the Design Responsibility  goes in Automotive

• 
• The Automotive hierarchy will be followed as given below,
• The Design Responsibilities go from the lower level tier to the OEM. Because the parts/sub-assemblies are designed by the Tier companies and finally assembled by the OEM.

3. Name some Tire 4 Suppliers and what they Manufacture?

• Tire 4 suppliers are basically the companies that manufacture the required Raw Materials for the OEM.
• The following are some of the Tire 4 Suppliers,

• Continental International - Chassis & safety ADAS, hydraulic brake systems components, passive safety & sensonics, vehicle dynamics, powertrains, fuel & exhaust management
• ZF Friedrichshafen - Transmission systems, steering systems, braking systems, axles components, clutches, dampers, car powertrain technology
• Electronics Automotive Products Pvt Ltd
• Sri Sairam Auto Components

4. When was the first Car Made?

• The First Car was made in 1886 with Wooden Seats.

5. What kind of Seats are used in the First Car?

• The First Car was made with Wooden Seats.

6. Define a 3D reference System?

• The 3D reference system was the axis system that is used to define a location in the automobile. It consists of an X-axis in the longitudinal direction of the automobile, a Y-axis along the width of the automobile, and a Z-axis along with the height of the automobile

7. Why is a 3D reference System needed?

• The 3D reference system is needed to locate/position the parts in the correct place in the Automotive.

8. What is X Plane and in a Car what is positive “x”?

• The X-axis is the longitudinal axis of the Automotive. The positive-X means the axis system towards the rear from the driver seat to the front portion is called the positive-X.

9. What is a “Zero Plan”?

• The plane of the point where one of the coordinates is Zero is called the Zero Plane.

10. Define Point of origin?

• The place where all the coordinate points are Zero is called the point of origin.

11. Where Most OEM Points of Origin  Keep?

• Most OEMs will take the Bumper as the point of origin.

12. Difference between Work Line and Grid Lines?

• Gridlines are formed by intersections of planes located at 100 mm increments parallel to the X-Z, Y-Z, and X-Y planes.
• Gridlines are used basically to package and locate objects and spaces in a vehicle Gridlines are also referred to as Body Lines.

13. Are Work Line and Grid Lines inter-connected?

• Work lines and Gridlines are not interconnected. 

14. What is Body Position?

• It refers to where the part is located in the vehicle with respect to the body.

15. When a Car comes out of  OEM Yard, Seat will be at what position?

• When a car comes out of OEM Yard, the Seat will be at Body position.

16. How is the Center Line used in terms of Car Design?

• It is the longitudinal axis of the vehicle that divides it into haves. It has positive and negative Y. It is used to position the part in the Inboard/outboard.

17. Usually the Center Line is Placed at  _________?

• Center console running vertically to the downward position from the front bumper to rear bumper

18. What is Positive Z Direction?

• The positive Z direction refers to the height of the vehicle from the seat to the top of the vehicle.

19. What is Positive Y Direction?

• The positive Y direction refers to the Right-hand side of the driver.

20. What are LHD and RHD?

• LHD - Left Hand Drive
• RHD - Right Hand Drive

21. A Driver driving a Car in the US will be sitting on which side of the Car?

• LHD - Left Hand Side of the Car

22. Driver in the US is in __Y Direction

• Negative Y Direction.

23. An Indian Cab Driver went to the USA and started driving a Car, which side of the Car he will be sitting on?

• LHD - Left Hand Side of the Car

24. I opened the Door of my Car and saw my room keys on the center console, so my keys are _____ against the Door.

• Negative Left Side

25. Belt Buckle attached on the _____Side of the Seat.

• The left side of the seat

26. The Recliner handle is placed on ______side of the seat.

• Right side of the seat

27. Inboard/Outboard is a _______ based system.

• Reference Based System

28. IB:______ ,OB: _______

• IB - Inboard
• OB - Outboard

29. Going from the rear bumper to forward is _____ Movement.

• Fore

30. C- Pillar to B – Pillar movement is _______ Movement.

• Aft

31. An aft movement of the seat is_____ X Movement

• Positive X

32. Volume-wise which country produces the maximum number of Cars?

• China

33. Volume-wise production please place all OEMs globally?

• Volkswagen 
• BMW
• Toyota
• Hyundai

34. Which country India will replace in the next 10 years in terms of volume production?

• United States

35. Volume-wise production please place all OEMs in India?

• Renault – 92000
• Honda -82000
• Ford – 48000
• TATA -222000
• Maruti Suzuki -1293000
• Hyundai- 471000

36. Name Countries that follow LHD Drive?

• US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand

37. Name Countries that follow RHD Drive?

• India, Japan, South Africa, UK.

                                                                                                                                                             

 

1. What is Eyellipse and how is it important from OEM purpose 

• Eyellipse represents both the driver’s interior and exterior visibility environment. Eyellipse combines the words eye and ellipse.
• Eyellipse is very basic for an automotive car design. In any automotive design, we must take care that the eye of a person, should not be hindered or obstructed inside the car or any equipment fitted outside the car like the dashboard -there should not be any parts on the dashboard that obstructs a person's eye.
• Eyellipse should be considered in such a way that it allows a person to drive properly or safely and will have a proper visibility zone.

Purpose of eyellipse :

• Allow the driver to view oncoming vehicles and objects
• Allow viewing internal gauges and instrument panel

2. Draw the complete Eyellipse Zone in an OEM environment? 
3. What is E – Point?

• The E-point is also known as Eye point. That represents the left and right eye of the driver.
• The distance between the E-point is 65mm.
• 

4. What is P – Point?

• P-point represents the Neck pivot point.

5. Correlation between E Point and P Point?

• The distance between the P-point to the center of the E-points is 98mm.

6. .Eyellipse calculation as per E – Point and P – Point?

• For a 95 percentile of the driver's population, the E-point are spaced at 65mm apart and the P point for the same is space below a normal line drawn from the middle centroid of the Points at a distance of 98 mm.

7. What is the full form of “SgRP”?

• Seat Reference Point.

8. What is H – Point?

• The seat reference point and the H-point both are the same points. The tier-1 suppliers call the SgRP an H-point.

9. Difference between “SgRP” and “ H – Point “?

• H-point is nothing but the same as the Seat reference point.
• The only difference between H-point and seat reference point is that the Seat reference point is used for the OEM’s because they have to define a lot of points and a lot of locations from a seat reference point. 
• The tier-1 suppliers call the SgRP as H-point.

10. What is Heel point?

• A Heel point is a point of contact of the occupant’s heel with the floor of the vehicle. A heel point for a driver is called an accelerator heel point or for a passenger is called a passenger heel point.

11. What is Oscar

• Oscar is the name given to the 2D or 3D device used to define and measure vehicle-seating accommodation.

12. Difference between Oscar and Oscar Templet?

• Oscar is the name given to the 2D or 3D device used to define and measure vehicle-seating accommodation.
• The 2D device is called as Oscar template
• The 3D device is called an Oscar or Oscar machine.

What is the purpose of Oscar?

• To calculate the H-point we basically used the Oscar or Oscar Template.
• The Oscar/Oscar template gives the seat designer an approximation of how the vehicle occupant will sit in the seat.

13. What is Design H – Point and Actual H - Point?

• The 3D Oscar machine allows testing of the design H-point which is calculated using the Oscar template.
• The H-point recorded through Oscar machine testing is called the Actual H-point.

14. What is the H-Point Window?

• If the designated seating position can be adjusted, the path of the design H-point through the full seat adjustment range establishes the design H-point travel line. The point along the H-point travel is called the H-point window.

15. Type of Oscar?

• Small Women Type: 104 lbs (represents 5th percentile of drivers)
• Mid Sized Man: 169 lbs (represents the 50th percentile of drivers)
• Large Size man: 226 lbs (represent the 95th percentile of drivers)

16. What is the weight (in Kg) of 95 % Oscar?

• The weight (in kg) of 95% Oscar-

• Large Size man: 102.5 kgs (represent the 95th percentile of drivers)

17. What is the Importance of H – Point?

The following are some of the importance of H-Points,

• To understand the driver's position.
• Careful measurements & testing are required to ensure the occupant positioning adheres to OEM specifications.
• Over time the H-point shifts because of deterioration.

18. How is the tolerance of H – Point Given?

• The Tolerance of the H-point is given using an H-point tolerance band either in circular form or square form.
• 

19. What is D – Point regarding a Seat?

• D-point is the lowest point on the buttock contour of the seated Oscar template or Oscar machine in the installation position.

20. What is the full form of AHP? Define its usage for seats?

• AHP - Acceleration Heel point
• It refers to Oscar’s heel point with a shoe on the un-depressed accelerator pedal and the foot angle at a min of 87 deg.

21. What is a Hand Reach Envelope?

• The reaching position for a specific driver population is called the Hand reach Envelope.

22. Types of Hand Reach Envelope? And how are categories?

• There are two types of HDR, They are,

1. Primary DHC: Steering, Gearshift, Turn Signal, Ignition.
2. Secondary DHC: Climate, Radial, Accessory Control.

23. .What is Back/Cushion Angle?

• Back Angle is back angle is the angle of recline of the torso line relative to the vertical.
• Cushion Angle is the angle of incline for the cushion relative to the horizontal.

24. What is Ischium?

• Is the lowest of the major bones comprising each half of the pelvis. 
• It is a part of the body that supports you when you sit in the seat.

25. What is Tail Burn?

• Is it a type of condition, When the occupant is seated for an extended period of time, the condition is called tail burn.

26. How does lumber help drivers?

• The lumbar region is the lower vertebrae in the spinal column located between the lowest ribs and the pelvis.
• The lumber helps support the back of the occupant.

27. During RFQ what is expected from OEM?

• The following details are expected by the OEM during RFQ,
• SgRP
• Foot Angle
• Knee Angle
• Heel Point
• Hip Point
• Back Angle

 

                                                                                                                     

1. What is the function of a seat?

• There are four main functions of the automotive seat-
• Support the occupant
• Position the occupant
• Provide comfort for the occupant
• Protect the occupant.

2. How does the seat Support the Occupant?

• The seat helps the occupant by providing the necessary support to keep him in the driving position. 
• Providing support to the occupant is the most basic function of the seat. Improper support will adversely affect the position, comfort, and safety.

3. How does the seat Position the Occupant?

• The position of the occupant is extremely important for safe vehicle operations. There are three key elements of occupant position,

1. Hand-arm and Legroom: These are important for both the safety and control of the occupant.
2. Field of Vision: The driver’s field of vision as defined by the eyellipse should have minimal obstruction from the steering wheel, instrument panel, roofline, beltline, and pillar. The driver should be able to clearly see in all the mirrors while in driving position.
3. Driver’s proximity to hand Control: The occupant must be able to reach appropriate controls while in the driving position.

4. How do seats provide comfort for the occupant?

• The Seat padding (foam) used in the seat if used in an efficient way, helps eliminate the uneasiness and pain caused due to hard points in the seat. A correct amount of thigh and lumbar support make the seat more comfortable for use.

5. What is the full form of ILD? And how is it defined?

• ILD - Indentation Load Deflection.
• It is known as the amount of load required to compress the seat/foam to 50% of the thickness from its original thickness.