Project 2_Creating a 3D rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCad

AIM:  To create a 3D rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCAD

INTRODUCTION:

The main objective of this project is to understand about to create a Plan in 2D, then convert it into 3D using AutoCAD 3D, applying materials and rendering.

AutoCAD is primarily used for generating 2D sketches. While it is possible to create 3D objects, AutoCAD is built around a flat, sketch-based interface. There is a wide range of pre-defined 3D objects in AutoCAD. These objects are cylinders, spheres and wedges and many more. But then users use 2D objects and modify them using the 3D commands accordingly. So, AutoCAD 3D commands like Extrude, Sweep, Revolve, and Union are used by the users.

Also, the user must know the importance of the Viewport feature if they are working on 3D Models. The viewport command allows the user to split the drawing area into different windows to project multiple views of the model. These include the top, front, left/right views of the object. This feature works great for the user and helps them to observe the model from different aspects. Some 2D and 3D tools which was used while working on this project is as follows;

3D tools:

Revolve

Draw> Modelling> Revolve

Extrude

 Draw > Modeling > Extrude

This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D face along a line or path. For example, A cylinder can be created by selecting a 2D circle and extruding it along with a path.

Sweep

Draw > Modeling > Sweep

This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the beginning of the path.

Union

Modify > Solids Editing > Union

This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one single object.

Subtract

Modify > Solids Editing > Subtract

This command is opposite to the union command; this command works when there is a common area in both the objects. Then this command subtracts the object A from the object B.

Intersect

Modify > Solid Editing > Intersect

With this AutoCAD 3D command, the user is left with the area that is common to both the objects.

RENDERING

Rendering is the process of creating a raster image based on the 3D objects in a scene. A renderer is used to calculate the appearance of the materials attached to the objects in a scene, and how lighting and shadows are calculated based on the lights placed in a scene. Environmental and exposure settings of the renderer can be adjusted to control the final rendered image.

OBJECTIVE:

The main objective of this project is to review and refresh almost most of the tools which will be used by a Professional engineer while drafting a 3D drawing. This will start from the initial drafting in 2D using lines and rectangles to rendering in 3D.

APPLYING MATERIALS

1. Click Visualize tab  Materials panel  Materials Browser.  Find
2. Select the objects which you want to assign the material.
3. In the Materials Browser, right-click the material to assign and choose Assign to Selection.

The material is assigned to the objects.

Applying a material using the tool Palettes

1. Click View tab  Palettes panel  Tool Palettes.  Find
2. On the Tool Palettes window, click a tab to set the tool palette current.
3. Drag a material tool from the tool palette onto the object.

Applying a material by layer

Click Visualize tab  Materials panel (expanded)  Attach by Layer.  Find

1. In the Material Attachment Options dialog box, drag a material from the Materials list onto a layer in the Layers list.

The material is assigned to all objects on the layer whose Material property is set to ByLayer. (ByLayer is the default for the Material property when you create an object.)

To remove applied materials

1. Click Visualize tab  Materials panel (expanded)  Remove Materials.
2. Select an object whose material you want to remove.

The material is removed from the object and replaced by the ByLayer material.

Etc.

PROCEDURE:

STEPS FOR CREATING A PLAN

• Open Auto Cad.
• In the right left corner click on the settings icon that is the icon of workspace.
• Select 3d modelling.
• Enter UN (Units ) command in the command box and change the type as decimal and select precision as 0.0
• Now enter Dim style in command box and modify the settings and select primary units as decimal and give precision as 0.0
• Select line command and draw in top or 2D mode.
• Line command is used to draw the plan.
• Command X line and draw line in X Direction as well as in Y direction.
• Trim the unwanted corner lines.
• Offset 230 for wall.
• Offset 5000 for bedroom in X direction and 5000 in Y direction.
• Offset 230 for wall.
• offset 5000 in X direction and offset 3500 in Y direction for kitchen + dining.
• Offset 1000 for was basin.
• Offset 2000 in X and 2000 in Y direction both for bath and WC.
• All walls are 230 mm thick.
• Line command is used to draw windows and doors.
• Size of window is 1500 X 1500.
• Size of doors are 1000 X 2100 and 1200 X 2100.
• Landing width is 1000
• Tread is 300 and rise is 150.
• Mtext command is used to give naming to the plan.

STEPS FOR CREATING THE 3D PLAN.

• In the right left corner click on the settings icon that is the icon of workspace.
• Select 3d modelling.
• Command boundary and in that select region.
• Create boundaries as well as regions of the plan.
• Extrude the regions that are the walls to the height of 3000 from bottom.
• Floor to floor height of the building is 3000.
• Create different type of layers using layer properties like 3D walls, window frames, slab, window glass etc as desired.
• Assign colors to each layer separately
• Line command is used to draw the windows and doors.
• Extrude the windows and doors to the suitable depth.
• Rotated 3D is used to rotate the objects as in windows and doors.
• Move and copy command is used to move the windows to their desired locations.
• Command polyline at the terrace and create the parapet wall at the top of the building.
• Command polyline and create the plinth of the building of 600 at the bottom.
• Create the staircase and extrude it to the distance of 1200.
• Create the mumty separately and place it on the top of the building.

RESULTS:

The 2D plan of the building is as follows:

Realistic view of the complete residential building is as shown.