Project 1 _Creating an Architectural plan for the provided plot size and develop relevant basic structural drawings

Aim :- To Design and Draft a layout of a Residential Building having plot size of 60' X 20' ( 18.3m X 6m ), facing East-direction using AutoCAD.

 

 Architectural Drawing :-

• Site Plan Layout
• Ground Floor Plan
• First Floor Plan
• Elevation
• Section View

 

 Structural Drawing :-

• Column Layout Plan
• Beam Layout Plan
• Footing Layout Plan

 

 Introduction :-

• The general commands used for drawing the building is as follows :-

• Line
• Rectangle
• Circle
• Erase
• Copy
• Trim
• Mirror
• Offset
• Extend
• Array
• Move
• Rotate
• Dimension
• Text
• Fillet
• Hatch
• Join
• Explode
• Breakepoint
• Multileader
• Layer

 

 The Assumed dimensions are as following :- 

• External wall = 230 mm
• Internal wall = 150 mm
• Staircase Dimensions :-

         Treads = 250 mm, Riser = 200 mm

• Windows Dimensions :-

         W = 1000 mm x 1500 mm, V = 700 mm x 500  mm

• Doors Dimensions :-

         D1 = 1500 mm x 2000 mm, D2 = 1000 mm x 2000 mm, D3 = 900 mm x 2000 mm

• Beam Size = 230 mm x 350 mm

• Column Size = 230 mm x 230 mm

 

 Procedure :- 

• Open AutoCAD application.
• Type "Un" and press enter.
• Set Units to scale inserted content as "milimeter" and press Enter.
• Sets limits by typing "limits" in command box. 

 

 

 Step 1 :- Creating Layers :-

• Type "LA" in the command box and press enter.
• In Layer properties manager, create new layers by clicking on new layer icon.
• Add different layers and assign Name, Colours and Line Type to them as follow :-

                                

 

 Step 2 :- Creating Site Layout :- 

• Type "L" for line command and Draw a line.
• Specify first point anywhere on screen.
• Specify next point as @18300<0.
• Specify next point as @6000<90.
• Specify next point as @18300<180.
• Specify next point as @6000<270.
• Specify next point as @6000<270 and press Enter.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 7000 and press enter.
• Select the line bottom edge of rectangle and click on bottom.
• Select the last offsetted line and hold line's right grip and stretch the line at a distance of 9000 in right direction.
• Type "L" for line command and Draw a line.
• Specify the starting point as the right end of last stretched line.
• Specify next point as @15000<145 and press enter.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 7000 and press enter.
• Select the last drawn line and click on right side.
• Use the Extend command by typing "EX" in the command box and extend the lines to make the roads near site location.
• Use Multileader command from annotation tab and give the road sign in the layout.
• Give dimension to the Site layout from dimension menu in annotation tab or Home tab.
• Draw the direction sign box by using "line" command and giving text to them by using "multi text" command. 
• Draw the jogger line to show the continuity of the road.
• Use layer command and put each obects in the specified layer.

 

                                           

 

  Step 3 :- Creating Ground Floor Plan :- 

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "WALLS" Layer.
• Type "REC" for rectangle command in command box and press enter.
• Select dimensions option in the command box.
• Specify length as "17630" and press enter.
• Specify width as "5330" and press enter.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "230" and press enter.
• Select the last drawn rectangle and click inside of rectangle.
• Type "explode" in the command box and press enter.
• Select the both rectangles and press enter.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "3800" and press enter.
• Select the left width of internal rectangle and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "2400" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "4870" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1500" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right. 
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1250" and press enter.
• Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "2500" and press enter.
• Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.

  Creating Doors and Windows in Ground Floor Plan :-

• Type "TR" in the command box for trim and press enter.
• Use trim command to make opening for the doors in different walls.
• For D1, make 1500mm size opening in the walls.
• And 1000mm and 900mm size openings for doors D2 and D3 respectively.
• For D1, Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DOORS" Layer.
• Type "L" for line command and press enter.
• Specify any starting point.
• Specify next point as @25<180.
• Specify next point as @1500<90.
• Specify next point as @50<180.
• Specify next point as @1500<270.
• Specify next point as @50<0 and press enter.
• Click on "ARC" option on ribbon and select "Start, End and Direction" type arc to draw. 
• Select Start point of arc as end of the 1500 length line.
• Select end point as the other end of the door opening.
• Give the suitable direction which suits the arc.
• Repeat the same procedures for D2 and D3 doors with their respective sizes.
• Select whole door drawn and type "CO" in command box for copy and click on "multiple".
• Pick the door and place it on desire places as shown in plan.
• Use rotate command to rotate the object.
• For window, Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "WINDOWS" Layer.
• Create a vertical line of 230 mm.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1000" and press enter.
• Select the last vertical line and click on right.
• Type "L" for line command and press enter.
• Join the mid points of the last to drawn line and press enter.
• Select whole window drawn and type "CO" in command box for copy and click on "multiple".
• Pick the windows and place it on desire places as shown in plan.
• Repeat the same procedures for ventilation with it's respective size. 

 

                           

 

                            

 

 Creating Staircase in Ground Floor Plan :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "STAIRCASE" Layer.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1200" and press enter.
• Select the internal line segment of 2400 mm length wall and click at bottom.
• Now select the line and Type "CO" in command box.
• Select Array option in command box.
• Specify no. of item in array as "10".
• Specify the next item distance as "250" and press enter.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• For handrail, make a line by connecting all center points of the drawn steps.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "50" and press enter.
• Select the last drawn line of 2250 mm length and make offset of the line at both right and left side of the line.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion and make the handrill as shown in figure.
• Draw the Stairs in the Entrance by the same process but with different dimensions.

 

 Creating Texts in Ground Floor Plan :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "TEXTS" Layer.
• Go to annotation tab and select the multitext command.
• Select the Text style as "Arial".
• Specify the text height and scale.
• Specify the area where to put the text and type the desire text as per requirement.
• After typing the text, select the whole text and type "CO" and select multiple on the command box.
• Turn the ORTHO and OSNAP option Off and put the copied text to the required places.
• Type "ED" in the command box for "Edittext" command and press enter.
• Select the text and change the text as per requirement.

               

 Creating Dimensions in Ground Floor Plan :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
• Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
• Give all the linear dimensions.
• Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.

• After specifying the dimension, drop down the Layer menu and Select the "SECTION LINE" Layer.
• Type "L" od the line command and make the section line in the plan.

 

 

                                

 

 

 Step 4 :- Creating First Floor Plan :- 

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "WALLS" Layer.
• Type "REC" for rectangle command in command box and press enter.
• Select dimensions option in the command box.
• Specify length as "17630" and press enter.
• Specify width as "5330" and press enter.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "230" and press enter.
• Select the last drawn rectangle and click inside of rectangle.
• Type "explode" in the command box and press enter.
• Select the both rectangles and press enter.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "3800" and press enter.
• Select the left width of internal rectangle and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "2400" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "4870" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1500" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right. 
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on right.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1250" and press enter.
• Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "3720" and press enter.
• Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "2500" and press enter.
• Select the upper length of internal rectangle and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "150" and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on bottom.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.

 Creating Doors and Windows in First Floor Plan :-

• Type "TR" in the command box for trim and press enter.
• Use trim command to make opening for the doors in different walls.
• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DOORS" Layer.
• The procedure of creating doors and windows is same as in the Ground floor plan.

 Creating Staircase in First Floor Plan :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "STAIRCASE" Layer.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "1200" and press enter.
• Select the internal line segment of 2400 mm length wall and click at bottom.
• Now select the line and Type "CO" in command box.
• Select Array option in command box.
• Specify no. of item in array as "10".
• Specify the next item distance as "250" and press enter.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion.
• For handrail, make a line by connecting all center points of the drawn steps.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as "50" and press enter.
• Select the last drawn line of 2250 mm length and make offset of the line at both right and left side of the line.
• Type "TR" in the command box and trim the extra portion and make the handrill as shown in figure.

 Creating Texts in First Floor Plan :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "TEXTS" Layer.
• Go to annotation tab and select the multitext command.
• Select the Text style as "Arial".
• Specify the text height and scale.
• Specify the area where to put the text and type the desire text as per requirement.
• After typing the text, select the whole text and type "CO" and select multiple on the command box.
• Turn the ORTHO and OSNAP option Off and put the copied text to the required places.
• Type "ED" in the command box for "Edittext" command and press enter.
• Select the text and change the text as per requirement.

 Creating Dimensions in First Floor Plan :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
• Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
• Give all the linear dimensions.
• Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.

• After specifying the dimension, drop down the Layer menu and Select the "SECTION LINE" Layer.
• Type "L" od the line command and make the section line in the plan.

 

 

                            

 

 

 Step 5 :- Creating Front Elevation :- 

• Type "XL" in command  box and press enter.
• Click on "ver" in command box.
• Select the points required to take the projection for Elevation.
• Draw a Horizontal line for Ground level which cuts all vertical line projections.
• Now, type "Breakpoint" in the command box and break all the vertical projection lines from the point of intersection with horizontal line.
• Type "E" for erase command and press enter.
• Select all the vertical line below the horizontal line and press enter.
• Mark this horizontal line as Natural Ground Level.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 600 and press enter.
• Select the horizontal line drawn earlier and click on top.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
• Select the horizontal line drawn earlier and click on top.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 3600 and press enter.
• Select the last offset line and click on top.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
• Select the last offset line and click on top.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 3400 and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on top.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
• Select the last offset line and click on top.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 1000 and press enter.
• Select the last offset line and click on top.
• Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.
• Select all horizontal lines and put them into the "SLAB" layer.
• Change the current layer to "WINDOWS" layer.
• Type "L" in the command box and press enter.
• Draw a line connecting two window line projections at the ground-floor level.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 1200 and press enter.
• Select the last line drawn and click on top.
• Type "rec" in the command box and press enter.
• Draw a window with 1000X1500 as per Window dimensions.
• Copy the rectangles to all the required place as shown in figure.
• Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.

 Creating Hatch in Front Elevation Drawing :-

• Type "H" for hatch command and press enter.
• Select hatch from the hatch pattern and create the hatch to differentiate the walls, slabs and windows.
• After defining the hatch, press enter.

 Creating Texts in Front Elevation Drawing :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "TEXTS" Layer.
• Go to annotation tab and select the multitext command.
• Select the Text style as "Arial".
• Specify the text height and scale.
• Specify the area where to put the text and type the desire text as per requirement.
• After typing the text, select the whole text and type "CO" and select multiple on the command box.
• Turn the ORTHO and OSNAP option Off and put the copied text to the required places.
• Type "ED" in the command box for "Edittext" command and press enter.
• Select the text and change the text as per requirement.

 Creating Dimensions in Front Elevation Drawing :-

• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
• Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
• Give all the linear dimensions.
• Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.

 

                            

 

 Step 6 :- Creating Section A-A :- 

• Type "XL" in command  box and press enter.
• Click on "ver" in command box.
• Select the points required to take the projection for Section A-A.
• Draw a Horizontal line for Ground level which cuts all vertical line projections.
• Now, type "Breakpoint" in the command box and break all the vertical projection lines from the point of intersection with horizontal line.
• Type "E" for erase command and press enter.
• Select all the vertical line below the horizontal line and press enter.
• Take this horizontal line as N.G.L. 
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 600 and press enter.
• Select the horizontal line drawn earlier and click on top.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
• Select the last offsetted line and click on top.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 3600 and press enter.
• Select the last offset line and click on top.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
• Select the last offset line and click on top.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 3400 and press enter.
• Select the last offset line and click on top.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 125 and press enter.
• Select the last offset line and click on top.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 1000 and press enter.
• Select all offsetted lines and define them in "Slab" layer. 
• Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.
• Change the current layer to window layer.
• Type "L" in the command box and press enter.
• Draw a line connecting two window line projections at the ground-floor level.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 1200 as sil distance from floor and press enter.
• Select the last line drawn and click on top.
• Type "rec" in the command box and press enter.
• Draw a window with 1000x1500 as per Window dimensions.
• Copy the rectangles to both the floors as shown in figure.
• Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.
• Use the "X-line" projection well and draw the columns.
• Place the beams in the section as per the plan.
• Type "H" for hatch command and press enter.
• Select hatch from the hatch pattern and create the hatch to differentiate the walls, slabs and windows.
• After defining the hatch, press enter.
• Draw the window shade with the use of projections and then define them in window layer.
• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
• Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
• Give all the linear dimensions.
• Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.

 

 

                              

 

 Step 7 :- Creating Section B-B :- 

• Type "XL" in command  box and press enter.
• Click on "Hor" in command box.
• Select the points required to take the projection for Section B-B.
• Draw a Vertical line which cuts all horizontal line projections.
• Now, type "Breakpoint" in the command box and break all the vertical projection lines from the point of intersection with horizontal line.
• Type "E" for erase command and press enter.
• Use the projections to find the edges of slabs, stairs, doors and columns.
• Draw the staircase with the taking the riser as 200mm and treads as 250mm.
• Mark the projection of doors and Select Doors layer from layer tab and make the doors of size 1000mm x 2000mm.
• Type "TR" in command box for Trim command and trim the extra portions.
• Use the "X-line" projection well and draw the columns.
• Place the beams in the section as per the plan.
• Type "H" for hatch command and press enter.
• Select hatch from the hatch pattern and create the hatch to differentiate the walls, slabs and staircase.
• After defining the hatch, press enter.
• Drop down the Layer menu and Select the "DIMENSIONS" Layer.
• Go to annotation tab and select the "Dimlinear" command.
• Give all the linear dimensions.
• Use continue dimension command or baseline dimension command if required.

 

 

                                

 

 

  

   Architectural Drawing :-

                                  

 

 

  Structure Drawing :-

 

  Step 8 :- Creating Section Column Layout :-               

• Turn off All the Layers except columns and center line.
• Use the copy command and Select all the columns from plan view drawing and move them to a different postion.
• Select the layer "center line".
• Type "L" for the line command and press enter.
• Draw the center line through each column from their center point.
• Extend the center lines a little from each column as shown below.
• Type "C" in the command box and press enter.
• Draw a small circle with respect to the drawing and press enter.
• Copy the circle to extension point of center line and fill the text in between the circle by typing "DT" command in the command box.
• Turn all layers on and select the dimension layer and give dimension to the drawing.
• Give title to the drawing by using "DT" command.
• Give names to each column in the layout.  

 

                                    

 

 

 Step 9 :- Creating Ground Floor Beam Layout :-               

• Turn off All the Layers except columns, beam, center line and walls.
• Use the copy command and Select all the columns from ground floor plan view drawing and move them to a different postion.
• Join all the columns with line command for representing the beam.
• Select the layer "Beam" and specify all the column joining lines in the beam layer.
• Select the layer "center line".
• Type "L" for the line command and press enter.
• Draw the center line through each column from their center point.
• Extend the center lines alittle from each column as shown below.
• Type "C" in the command box and press enter.
• Draw a small circle with respect to the drawing and press enter.
• Copy the circle to extension point of center line and fill the text in between the circle by typing "DT" command in the command box.
• Turn all layers on and select the dimension layer and give dimension to the drawing.
• Give title to the drawing by using "DT" command.
• Give names to each beam in the layout. 

 

                                        

 

  Step 10 :- Creating First Floor Beam Layout :-               

• Turn off All the Layers except columns, beam, center line and walls.
• Use the copy command and Select all the columns from ground floor plan view drawing and move them to a different postion.
• Join all the columns with line command for representing the beam.
• Select the layer "Beam" and specify all the column joining lines in the beam layer.
• Select the layer "center line".
• Type "L" for the line command and press enter.
• Draw the center line through each column from their center point.
• Extend the center lines alittle from each column as shown below.
• Type "C" in the command box and press enter.
• Draw a small circle with respect to the drawing and press enter.
• Copy the circle to extension point of center line and fill the text in between the circle by typing "DT" command in the command box.
• Turn all layers on and select the dimension layer and give dimension to the drawing.
• Give title to the drawing by using "DT" command.
• Give names to each beam in the layout.

 

                                         

 

  Step 11 :- Creating Footing Layout :-

• Use the copy command and Select column layout drawing and move it to some other location.
• Select the layer "center line".
• Type "L" for the line command and press enter.
• Draw the center line through each column from their center point.
• Extend the center lines a little from each column as shown below.
• The size of the Isolating footing is taken as 900x900.
• Type "O" for offset in command box and press enter.
• Specify offset distance as 335 and press enter.
• Select all the columns except D1, D2, E1 and E2 and click outward.
• For above 4 columns, combine footing layout is drawn of size 2320 x 900.
• Type "C" in the command box and press enter.
• Draw a small circle with respect to the drawing and press enter.
• Copy the circle to extension point of center line and fill the text in between the circle by typing "DT" command in the command box.
• Turn all layers on and select the dimension layer and give dimension to the drawing.
• Give title to the drawing by using "DT" command.
• Give names to each column in the layout.  

 

                                           

 

  

  RESULT :-

 

    1) Architectural Drawings :-

                                                                

                                            

                                            

 

                                            

 

                                             

 

                                             

  

      2) Stuctural Drawings :-