Diesel Cycle is an air standard cycle where heat is added at constant pressure whereas heat is rejected at constant volume.The following is a program done in Octave to plot the diesel cycle by first calculating the different state points and then using the piston kinematics equation to obtain the final plot.   The…

The objective of this challenge is to design a simple car model in Altair Hyperworks that will have a steering wheel, suspension springs, damper, body and wheels. This car will be used to run on a road that will be modelled with the vehicle using 3-D contacts. Each of the parts will be modelled as a separate subsystem.…

Before setting up the Spark-Ignited Port-Fuel Injected Engine, the geometry needed to be cleaned for all the errors. The project is divided into three stages: Stage I: Boundary Flagging Stage II: Surface Cleanup Stage III: No-Hydrodynamic Case Setup   Stage I: Boundary Flagging: On running the diagnostics on the IC…

Flow over a Backward-Facing Step has a very important application in that whenever there is a new turbulence model available, the test is carried out by simulating  flow over a backward-facing step simply because there is a lot of experimental data available for this. Using Converge CFD Software we run the simulation…

Airfoil: An airfoil is the term used to describe the cross-sectional shape of an object that, when moved through a fluid such as air, creates an aerodynamic force. Airfoils are employed on aircraft as wings to produce lift or as propeller blades to produce thrust. Both these forces are produce perpendicular to the air…

Objective: • Simulate motion characteristics of an Internal Geneva Mechanism using constraints in MOTIONVIEW with an initial angular velocity of the driver is 10 rad/s. • Post-process the results and obtain Torque and Angular Velocity on the driver and driven joints.   GENEVA MECHANISM: A Geneva Mechanism…

The objective of this challenge is to simulate the motion of a compound pendulum, plot the trace of point P2 with respect to the ground and also plot the X and Y component of reaction forces on point P0 vs time.   Introduction: A simple pendulum is one which has a mass suspended from a string that is considered…

Objective: Determine the Maximum and Minimum Stress and Strain Values in the Flexible Lower Control Arm. Run a Static Ride Analysis. Run a sensitivity study on the following parameters to conclude which parameter/  combinations of the parameter have a maximum effect on the stress/strain of the lower control arm. Parameters…

Shock Flow Boundary Conditions: For solving the steady state flow appropriate boundary conditions are needed. It is one of the required components of the mathematical model. On the other hand, for solving transient flow, appropriate initial condition is also required. Boundary conditions are generally three types. They…

Brush Tire Model: The elastic band model or the brush tire model helps explain the relationship between longitudinal force (Fx) and longitudinal slip (Slip Ratio) using fore-aft deflection of the brushes. This is later extended to explain the relationship between lateral force (Fy) and slip angles by considering the lateral…

Road Roughness & Power Spectral Density- Road roughness can be described by the elevation profile. One of the most useful representations of road profiles is the Power Spectral Density which is essentially a plot of singal power (amplitude squared) vs spatial frequency. Using the fast fourier transform and multiplying…

Introduction: Selection of springs and roll-bars are done based on the vehicle level targets that need to be achieved. This project involves selection of springs and anti-roll bars for a 4WD sedan with Mc Pherson strut suspension in the front and a multi-link setup in the rear. The calculations need to be done while staying…

Conjugate Heat Transfer is the combination of heat transfer in solids and heat transfer in fluids. In solids, heat transfer takes place through conduction whereas in fluids it takes place through convection. To simulate conjugate heat transfer using Converge Studio, the geometry of the pipe was constructed and aluminium…

Objective:  The shape of a car body in-front of the largest cross-section has only minor influence on the total drag. The main contributions to the drag force originate from the rear part of the body. A drag breakdown reveals that 85% of body drag is pressure drag, most of which occurs at the rear end. The rest 15%…

Objective: • To run closed cycle simulation of a CAT3410 Engine with two different piston profiles: OpenW and Omega. • To characterize the emissions (Soot, Nox and UHC) and compare IMEP and Power values.   Introduction: With the rising competition in engine industry and emission restrictions due to the environmental…

Introduction: A mechanism consisting of only lower pairs is known as a linkage. A closed kinematic chain with one link fixed is called a mechanism. A four bar mechanism where one link is fixed to the ground body and the other three links which are the coupler, follower and input link are used to simulate the motion of…

A channel flow simulation was done using Converge CFD Software for three different mesh sizes: 2e-4m, 1.5e-4m and 1.2e-4m respectively. The steps involved in setting up the case are mentioned below. Case Setup 1) A geometry for the channel is created 2) The necessary boundary conditions are defined. 3)The necessary steps…

Introduction: Selection of springs and anti-roll bars are done based on vehicle level targets. This project involves selection of anti roll bar for a light weight sporty vehicle that would provide the requisite auxiliary roll stiffness for a given stiffness value of the springs. The calculations need to be done while staying…

Brush Tire Model: The elastic band model or the brush tire model helps explain the relationship between longitudinal force (Fx) and longitudinal slip (Slip Ratio) using fore-aft deflection of the brushes. This is later extended to explain the relationship between lateral force (Fy) and slip angles by considering the lateral…

Objective: Perform Kingpin Geometry Optimization on a Double Wishbone Suspension below to achieve the following targets: oCaster angle : ~4.00 deg oCaster moment arm : ~21.00 mm oKPI angle : ~13.00 deg oSteer axis offset (resultant) : ~85.00 mm oSteer axis longitudinal offset : ~0.00 mm oScrub radius : ~20.00 mm  …

The objective of this project is to perform surface cleanup, boundary flagging, virtual wind tunnel setup, pre-processing, CFD simulation and post-processing of a Formula - SAE Car below, the .STL of which was provided. The project has been divided into two phases: Surface Cleanup, Boundary Flagging and Virtual Wind Tunnel…

A Throttle Body consists of a butterfly valve that opens and closes to let air inside an IC Engine. Some cars use a a single large throttle body to let in air while some have a dedicated throttle body for each cylinder. The following exercise involves simulating transient flow through a throttle body using Converge Studio.…

Project Deliverables • Perform hardpoint tuning to achieve the target acceleration and braking pitch gradients for Double Wishbone Suspension at the front and Multilink Suspension at the rear. • Adams Plot showing effect of tuning (overlay curves). • Completed Excel Sheet.     This is the link…

Introduction: The cornering behaviour of a motor vehicle is an important phenomena which is equated with handling. \'Handling\' is a loose term meant to imply the responsiveness of a vehicle to driver input or the ease of control. It is essentially a measure of a vehicle-driver combination meaning that the driver observes…

Introduction: A cam is a rotating machine element which gives reciprocating or oscillating motion to another element known as follower. The cam and follower have a point or line contact constituting a higher pair. The contact between them is maintained by an external force which is generally provided by a spring or sometimes…

The four-bar mechanism has some special configurations created by making one or more links infinite in length. The slider-crank (or crank and slider) mechanism is a four-bar linkage with the slider replacing an infinitely long output link. This configuration translates a rotational motion into a translational one. Most…

A Throttle Body consists of a butterfly valve that opens and closes to let air inside an IC Engine. Some cars use a a single large throttle body to let in air while some have a dedicated throttle body for each cylinder. The following exercise involves simulating steady-state flow through a throttle body using Converge…

Shock Tube is an experimental apparatus that is widely used to study chemical kinetics. Shock Tube consists of two regions, one that is at a high-pressure and the other at low-pressure both separated by a diaphragm. The high-pressure zone is known as the driver section and the low-pressure zone is known as the driven section.…

The objective of this project is to continue setting up the SI8-Port Fuel Injected Engine to simulate spray and combustion processes inside it. Useful parameters like work, power, compression ratio, torque and combustion efficiency are extracted from the simulation results.   No-Hydrodynamic Case Setup: Before setting…