Project

AIM:To study and analyse the All-Terrain-Vehicle(ATV)model by using the simulink and simscape library.

objective:To prepare the technical report to explaining the model of the continuously variable transmission(CVT) with dashboard ,without dashboard,with mapped lookup table with dashboard along with velocity and without dashboard.

Abstract -This submission contains a set of models created with Simulink, Simscape, and Simscape Driveline.More specifically, the file contained includes BAJA ATV model with Continuously Variable Transmission(CVT).These models show how to build an ATV with CVT which is mostly used in BAJA competitions. Simscape and Simscape Driveline have been used to complete the system. The engine data used in the model is provided as an image which shows the Engine Speed (RPM) Vs Torque curve. 

ALL-TERRAIN-VEHICLE:All-Terrain vehicle is shortly called ATV. An All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) as a vehicle that travels on low pressure tires, with a seat that is straddled by the operator, along with handlebars for steering control. In some vehicles steering wheel similar to passenger cars is also used. As the name suggests, it is designed to negotiate a wider variety of terrain than most other vehicles. Although it is a street-legal vehicle in some countries, it is not legal within most states and provinces of Australia, the United States and Canada and definitely not in India. By the current ANSI definition, it is intended for use by a single operator, although a change to include 2-seaters is under consideration.The early ATV‟s were mainly used for agricultural purpose only. But now the definition of ATV is changing. Many countries are allowing ATVs as commercial vehicle, though with the regulations on its use and safety. Now days,ATVs are generally used in defense and sports application redefining the ATV.Now the ATVs are also coming with durable roll cages, added safety of seat andshoulder belts and higher ground clearance making it more rugged vehicle. The rear cargo deck is more useful for hauling camping gear, bales of hay, tools and supplies making it suitable for exploring back country, riding sand dunes, hunting,fishing and camping. ATVs Sport models are built with performance, rather than utility, in mind. To be successful at fast trail riding, an ATV must have light weight, high power, good suspension and a low center of gravity.These machines can be modified for such racing disciplines as motocross,woods racing, desert racing, hill climbing, ice racing, speedway, tourist trophy, flat track, drag racing and others.All terrain vehicles are commonly known as ATV. ATV‟S are four wheeled motorized vehicles with an overall width of 48 inches or less designated to operate exclusively on off road terrain, primarily for single rider. They are powered bygasoline engines and equipped with four low pressure tires, handlebars for steering and a seat that is straddled by the rider.

Application of ATV’s:1.In Defense Services like army and air force etc to carry and transport guns,ammunition and other supplies to remote areas of rough and varied terrain.
2. By railways during construction of railway tracks on mountain or on other rough terrain.
3. By police force.
4. In sport also like golf for traveling one place to other place.
5. In Antarctic bases for research things where use of conventional vehicle is impossible.
6.Now a days ATVs are also used in adventuring like mountaineering, in dirt and in snow.
7. Work related uses include farming, ranching, construction, oil production, land management, field maintenance etc.
8. Recreational uses include trail riding, transporting items, such as hauling gear to a fishing spot, campsite or hunting grounds and hauling firewood from the backwoods to the homestead.

continuously variable transmission (CVT):It is an automatic transmission that can change seamlessly through a continuous range of gear ratios. This contrasts with other transmissions that provide a limited number of gear ratios in fixed steps. The flexibility of a CVT with suitable control may allow the engine to operate at a constant rpm while the vehicle moves at varying speeds.CVTs are used in automobiles,tractors,motor scooters, snowmobiles,bicyclesand earth moving equipments.The most common type of CVT uses two pulleys connected by a belt or chain; however, several other designs have also been used at times.Continuously Variable System(CVT) is the combination of two pulley(driven and driver) and the power transmitting V-belt provide infinite number of transmission which varies from minimum to maximum ratio. An automatic transmission that can change seamlessly to a continuous range of effective gear ratio. The flexibility of a CVT with suitable control may allow the input shaft to maintain a constant angular velocity even as the output speed varies. A belt driven design approximately 88% efficiency, is lower than that of manual transmission, can be offset by lower production cost and by enabling the engine to run at most efficiency speed for a range of output speed. When power is more important than economy, the ratio CVT can be changed to allow the engine to turn the RPM which it produces greatest power. In low-mass low-torque applications a belt driven CVT also offers ease of use and mechanicalsimplicity.A CVT does not strictly require the presence of clutch. In some vehicles is a centrifugal clutch is added to facilitate a „neutral‟ stance, which is useful when idling or manually reversing into a parking space. The reduction contains of four sprocket with different teeth. The max torque is 750NM and the maximum speed is 46.53 kmph. Thus our assumption for the CVT ratio is realistic and obtainable.Based on 0.5 high ratio and 3 low ratio, choose CVT: PULLEY SERIES 0600 and DRIVEN PULLEY SERIES 5600 from CV Tech-AAB Inc. This CVT provides a range of 0.45 high ratio to 3.1 low ratio that will be compatible with design.

Main and critical blocks used:

1.Generic engine block:

The Generic Engine block represents a general internal combustion engine. This block is a suitable generic engine for spark-ignition and diesel. Speed-power and speed-torque parameterizations are provided. A throttle physical signal input specifies the normalized engine torque. Optional dynamic parameters include crankshaft inertia and response time lag. A physical signal port outputs the engine fuel consumption rate based on the fuel consumption model that you choose. Optional speed and redline controllers prevent engine stall and enable cruise control.

main ports of generic engine block:

1.B-Rotational Conserving port:representing the engine block(it should be connected to rotational motion reference).

2.F-rotational conserving port:representing the engine crank shaft.

3.T-physical signal input port:specifying the normalized engine trottle level.

4.p-physical signal output port:reporting the instantaneous engine power,in W.

5.FC-physical signal output port:reporting the fuel consumption rate,in kg/s.

simple gear block is used:

The Simple Gear block represents a gearbox that constrains the connected driveline axes of the base gear, B, and the follower gear, F, to corotate with a fixed ratio that you specified.

The follower-base gear ratio is

where:

The simscape model of CVT contains the Variable Transmission ratio block,intertia shaft block and ideal rotational motion sensor.

1.Variable Ratio Transmission Block:

The Variable Ratio Transmission block represents a gearbox that dynamically transfers motion and torque between the two connected driveshaft axes, the base and the follower.The block ignore the dynamics of transmission compliance, it constrains the driveshafts to corotate with a variable gear ratio that you control. You can choose whether the follower axis rotates in the same or opposite direction as the base axis. If the follower and base axis rotate in the same direction, ω_F and ω_B have the same sign. If the follower and base axis rotate in opposite directions, ω_F and ω_B have opposite signs.Transmission compliance introduces internal time delay between the axis motions. Unlike a gear, a variable ratio transmission does not act as a kinematic constraint. You can also control the torque loss caused by transmission and viscous losses.

main ports are:

1.B-base pulley or drive pulley

2.F-Follower pulley or driven pulley

3.r-Variable Transmission Ratio (input).

vehicle body block:

The Vehicle Body block represents a two-axle vehicle body in longitudinal motion. The vehicle can have the same or a different number of wheels on each axle. For example, two wheels on the front axle and one wheel on the rear axle. The vehicle wheels are assumed identical in size. The vehicle can also have a center of gravity (CG) that is at or below the plane of travel.The block accounts for body mass, aerodynamic drag, road incline, and weight distribution between axles due to acceleration and road profile. Optionally include pitch and suspension dynamics. The vehicle does not move vertically relative to the ground.The block has an option to include an externally-defined mass and an externally-defined inertia. The mass, inertia, and center of gravity of the vehicle body can vary over the course of simulation in response to system changes.

Input ports:

1.W— Headwind speed, (m/s):Physical signal input port for headwind speed.

2.Beta — Road incline angle, (rad):Physical signal input port for road incline angle.

3.CG— Center of gravity, (m):Physical signal input port for the center of gravity, (in m), of the externally-defined mass relative to the CG of the vehicle body.This port is visible only when the Externally-defined additional mass parameter in the Main settings is set to on.

4.M-Mass (kg):physical signal input port for mas sof the externally defined mass(only available with externally defined additional mass is set to on)

5.J-Externally defined moment of inertia (in kg*m^2):physical signal input port of the externally defined mass.

Output ports:

1.NR-rear axle normal force (N):physical signal input output port for the rear axle which is considered positive acting downward.

2.NF-Front Axle Normal Force (N):physical signal output port for the front axle which is considered positive acting downward.

3.V-Longitudinal velocity (m/s):physical output signal of vehicle velocity.

LIMITATIONS:

The Vehicle Body block lets you model only longitudinal dynamics, parallel to the ground and oriented along the direction of motion. The vehicle is assumed to be in pitch and normal equilibrium. The block does not model pitch or vertical movement. As such, the equations assume that the wheels never lose contact. This constraint can result in negative normal forces.

conserving ports:

H-horizontal motion :conserving port is related to the horizontal motion of the vehicle body(tyres should be connected to this port)

Double shoe brake block:

The Double-Shoe Brake block represents a frictional brake with two pivoted rigid shoes that press against a rotating drum to produce a braking action. The rigid shoes sit inside or outside the rotating drum in a diametrically opposed configuration. A positive actuating force causes the rigid shoes to press against the rotating drum. Viscous and contact friction between the drum and the rigid shoe surfaces cause the rotating drum to decelerate.Double-shoe brakes provide high braking torque with small actuator deflections in applications that include motor vehicles and some heavy machinery. The model employs a simple parameterization with readily accessible brake geometry and friction parameters.

LIMITATIONS:

• Contact angles smaller than 45° produce less accurate results.

• The brake uses the long-shoe approximation.

• The brake geometry does not self-lock.

• The model does not account for actuator flow consumption.

Input ports:

F-physical signal input port associated with the applied actuating force.

conservarting ports:

s-Rotational conserving port associated with the rotating drum shaft.

Tire(magic formula)block:

The Tire (Magic Formula) block models a tire with longitudinal behavior given by the Magic Formula, an empirical equation based on four fitting coefficients. The block can model tire dynamics under constant or variable pavement conditions.The longitudinal direction of the tire is the same as its direction of motion as it rolls on pavement. This block is a structural component based on the Tire Road Interaction block.To increase the fidelity of the tire model, you can specify properties such as tire compliance, inertia, and rolling resistance. However, these properties increase the complexity of the tire model and can slow down simulation. Consider ignoring tire compliance and inertia if simulating the model in real time or if preparing the model for hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation.

Equivalent model:

The full tire model is equivalent to this simscape/simscape driveline component diagram.it simulates both transient and steady-state behaviour and correctly represents starting from ,and coming to,a stop.The Transitional Spring and Trabsitional Damper are equivalent to the tire stiffness Cfx and damping bFx.the Tire-road interaction (magic formula)block models the longitudinal force Fxon the tire as a function of Fz and K'using the magic formula,with K'as the independent slip variable.the wheel and axle redius is the wheel radius rw.the mass value is the effective mass,IWr2w.the characteristic function f(K',Fz)determines the longitudinal force Fx.together with the drive shaft torque applied to the wheel axis,Fx determines the wheel angular motion and longitudinal motion.without tire compilance,the Transitional spring and Transitional Damper are omitted,and contact variables revert to wheel variables.in this port P of the wheel and axle connects directly to port T of tire-road interaction (magic formula).without tire inertia,the mass is omitted.

Limitation:

1.the tire (Magic formula)block assumes longitudinal motiononly and includes no camber,tunningor lateral motion.

2.Tire compilance implies a time lag in the tire response to the force on it.Time lag simulation increases the model fidelity but reduces simulation performance.

input ports:

N-Normal Force :physical signal input port associated with the normal force acting on the tire.the normal force is positive if it acts downwards on the tire ,pressing it again the pavement.

M-Magic formula coefficients:physical signal input port associated eith the magic formula coefficients.provide the magic formula coefficients as a four-element vector,specified in the order [B,C,D,E].(port M is exposed only if the main > parameterize by the parameter is set to physical signal maguc formula co-efficients)

common type parameters :

magic formula B coefficient:10

magic formula C coefficient:1.9

magic formula D coefficient:1

magic formula E coefficient:0.97

outpu ports:

S-Tire slip :physical signal output port associated with the relative slip between the tire and road.

conservating ports:

A-Axle:Mechanical rotational port associated with the axle that tire sits on.

H-Mechanical translational prot associated with the Wheel hub thats transmits the thrust generated by the tire to the remaider of the vehicle.

Other used blocks are explained below:

1.solver configuration-specifies the solver parameters that your model needs before you can begin simulation.

2.The electrical and mechanical transitional block reference are used to represents a reference point, or frame, for all mechanical translational ports.
3.Simulink-PS Converter block converts the input Simulink signal into a physical signal. Use this block to connect Simulink sources or other Simulink blocks to the inputs of a Simscape physical network.

4.The PS-Simulink Converter block converts a physical signal into a Simulink output signal.Use this block to connect outputs of a Simscape physical network to Simulink scopes or other Simulink blocks.

5.The Scope block displays its input with respect to simulation time.The Scope block can have multiple axes (one per port); all axes have a common time range with independenty-axes. The Scope allows you to adjust the amount of time and the range of input values displayed.

6.Signal builder-To input the brake,Throttle and CVT Ratio.

7.diplay-To view the calculated engine power.

8.Inertia-To represent the solid inertia.

9.Rotational free end:The Rotational free end block represents the mechanical rotational port that rotates freely,without toque.

Rotational motion senso- to sense the rotational motion from the engine and gives the output as rpm.

10.ps-Terminator-terminator for unconnected physical signal ouputs.

11.ps constant -Generate constant physical signal.

12.Rotational free end -for mechanical component(Tire)

13.Custom Measure Gauge- To measure the brake and throttle input

14.knob-to increase,decrease and vice-versa of throttle and brake inputs.

15.lookup table-To insert the CVT values from the workspace 

16.step-To increase or decrease an input value for a defined time interval.

NOTE:The mechansim of the project are remains same,except the conditions.i.e The condition  with and without dash board ,the condition of mapped lookup table with dashboard and without dash board.

BAJA ATV MODEL WITHOUT DASHBOARD(cvt Model):

1.The throttle signal is generated by signal builder block and inputted to generic engine.

2.The torque and speed vector are getting from the worspace of the matlab.

3.The engine will generated the output rpm which can be taken from the crankshaft output.this speed will be given to the ideal roational motion sensor to sense the output rpm.

4.The same output speed will be given to a simple gear mechanism to reduce the speed ,the gear ratio of this model is 4.

5.after this steps the same output will be given to the variable ratio trabsmission block(CVT).

6.The CVT ratio is provided to the Variable ratio transmission (CVT)block through the signal builder.

7.The speed control by the variable CVT ratios and controlled output speed is given to the vehicle axle.

8.The brake signal is generated by the signal builder and inputted to the vehicle body for applying the brake to the axle.

9.The power fromm the CVT is inputted to the axle and the vehicle accelerates according to the speed.

10.Then the velocity is taken as output from the vehicle body for teh further analysis. 

 

ENGINE SENSOR SUB-BLOCK:

This subblock measure engine rotational speed is the sensor which the speed (in rpm) is sense and it should be observed by the scope.

CVT subblock:

The cvt subblock contains the primary and secondary sensors are connected to observed the rpm.the inertia shaft,two sensors along with the variable ratio gear are connected.

Vehicle Body Subblock:

the model shows the vehicle body .it contains the tires are connected to the  axles and the axles are conncted with the gear box.the engine produces the power .the chemical energy of the fuel is coverted into mechanical energy and results the power is transmitted through the shaft and given to the axles to rotate the wheel.here the inertia block is connected, the inertia block is used as one conserving port that connects it to the mechanical rotational circuit. When the block has one port, attach it to a connection line between two other blocks.

Input signals:

Throttle input signal:

throttle starts at 0.3 and then it steps to1 at the 20th second.

Brake signal input:

The brake inputs remains zero through the whole simulation .beacuse while the car tends to move condition the brake becomes zero,the brake remains constant.

Torque and speed curve result:

The torque and speed are inputted from the matlab workspace window to the generic engine block to generate the output rpm accordingly.the plot behaviour is generic to all the IC engines.

cvt ratio input:

  Here we can see that the engine speed is reduced by the gear ratio.maximum rpm (Before reducing)=3833rpm was reduced to 958.25 rpm which can be verified by dividing the 3833 by the gear reduction ratio.after some point it should be gradually increasing.

ENGINE SPEED:

Engine rpm is generated according to the throttle speed nd torque inputs.the engine speed is increased when the throttle its around the ranges of 2250 rpm to 3800 rpm.

here we can see the engine speed is reduced by the gear ratio 4.The maximum rpm of 3833 is reduced to 958.25 rpm.which can be verified by the gear ratio 4.

the engine speed is controlled by the cvt . the maximum rpm is calculated at 1.8 gear ratio which starts from 35th seconds.

rpm=958.25

CVT Ratio=1:1.8

Gear ratio =1:1.8

gear ratio =driven/driver

1/1.8=Driven/958.25

driven =958.25/1.8

Driven =532.96rpm

The reduced maximum rpm is 532.36rpm which can be verified from the plot.

CVT TUNNING:CVT tunning should be in given below.

BAJA ATV MODEL-DATA :(with dash board)

 

 steps:

The model workflow process is similar as the process of the atv vehicle without dash board.here,we can use dashboard blocks to build an intuitive and interactive interface for your model. The control blocks, such as the Knob block, connect to variables or tunable parameters in your model and allow you to interactively modify the value of the connected element during simulation.

engine speed plot:

Here, the engine speed is generated according to the inputs like throttle,brake,torque and speed vectors. the runtime is infinity so that the throttle and breake controlled by the user.the throttle and brake applied are represent in the graph given above.according to the input the engine rpm remains constant up to the 0.3and the curve reduces that means the throttle gets decreases.the moving of the curve will be the engine speed.

the engine speed is reduced by a factor at any moment in the drive cycle as it evident by the curve.due to the throttle input the distance increases after the brake applied it remains constant on moving to the y-axis.the velocity also varied according to the throttle input the initial input condition of the throttle is 0.5.

cvt speed reduction plot:

the Cvt gear reduction plot shows that reduction ratio of 1.8is constant and it is applicable at the large time frame and it can be verified by taking 689 constant rpm and dividing it by 1.8 which is equal to 383 rpm which verifies the plot.

The above plot is represent the torque and speed of the transmission .the primary speed of the cvt is the red color curve that also changes with the time.the secondary rpm of the cvt is blue color.It is important to understand gears before we move forward. The rotating axes on a bicycle are gears. Imagine the bicycle with just two gear axes, both capable of expanding or contracting to the size of the largest and smallest gears that were on the bike, and you have imagined a continuously variable transmission. The CVT’s gears are capable of changing rotational direction, changing the speed of rotation, and optimally pairing the rotational speeds of the two axes.

The two pulleys and the belt are the heart of the CVT system. The primary, or drive pulley, connected to the engine lies on the input shaft side. The secondary, or driven pulley, lies on the output shaft side to the drive wheels. There is a cone-shaped slope on the fixation sheave half of the pulley that works with the slope on the mobile sheave halves that can move in the axial direction.

The movable sheave slides on the shaft to change the groove width of the pulley. As the pulley sheave halves come closer together and the width of the pulley changes, the belt is forced to ride higher on the pulley, effectively making the pulley’s diameter longer. Changing the diameter of the pulleys varies the transmission’s ratio (the number of times the output shaft spins for each revolution of the engine). Making the output pulley diameter longer gives a low ratio (a large number of engine revolutions producing a small number of output revolutions) for low-speed acceleration.

Input signals of engine load (accelerator pedal opening), primary pulley speed and secondary pulley speed change the operation pressures of the primary pulley and the secondary pulley and control the pulley groove width. As the car accelerates, the pulleys vary their diameter to lower the engine speed as the car speed rises, continuously varying the ratio.

speed vs the throttle input:

from the graph when the throttle is applied the acceleration gets increased it will be increase in the plot. when the brake is applied  the plot may get decreases.the constant speed areas represent no changes in throttle and braking.the throotle applied is done by the given condition.

BAJA ATV MODEL -MAPPED LOOKUP TABLE without dash board (cvt_mapped):

 

 

steps:

the model flow process is similar to the process of baja vehicle without dashboard.the lookup table is mapped here .the signal builder blocks are used for thr brake and throttle.at the 35sec the brake input will take the value 0 and at the 20 sec throttle input will increases from 0.3-1 then remains constant throughout.

cvt subblock:

the cvt subblock is similar to the above model which is baja vehicel without the dash board . but instead of teh signal builder block for CVT Ratio the 2-D look up table is used. the interpolation and extrapolation methods are set to linear. it needs to be loaded in the work space hving the file name as Lookuptable_data.m

lookup table:a Look up table is an array of data that maps input values to output values, there by approximating a mathematical function.given a set of input values,a lookup operation retrieves the corresponding output values from the table.if the lookup table does not explicitly define the input values,simulink can estimate an output value using interpolation,extrapolation or rounding, where :

-interpolation is the procees of estimting the values that lie beyond the range of known data points 

-Rounding is a process for pproximating a value by altering its digits accoridng to a known rule.

a lookup table block uses an array of data to map input values to output values,approximating a mathematical function.given input values simulink performs a lookup operatiojn to retreive the corresponding output values from the table.if the look up table doesnot defind the input values,the blocks estimate the output values based on near by table values.at last the vehicle speed output is given as a feedback to the 2-D lookup table so that we can verify the velocity of the vehicle is changing perfectly when the CVT Ratio changes. the vehicles speed is converted to m/s from kmph.

results:

Throttle and brake vs time:according to the condition the throttle will be applied the throttle value is 1.when the brake is zero because of the movement of the vehicle by applying the throttle.the distance of the vehicle should be plotted in the figure given below.

CVT ratio plot:

when we compre the above plot the ratio varies from 2.3-1.8 within the timespan of 80sec which is same as the previous baja atv models.from the 32sec the constant ratio of 1.8 ocmpared to 35 sec in the first model.also the reduction from 2.3ratio to 1.8 is not perfectly linear as in t he first model.

CVT Shaft speed:

The output shaft speed follows the cvt ratio discussed before.

 CVT ratio vs vehicle body:

0 to 20km/hr, the cvt ratio is constant at (2.3).20-30km/hr, the cvt ratio drps down to (2.03).30-50 km/hr, the cvt ratios drop down to [1.8].50km/hr onwards, the cvt ratio is constant at1.8

hence we can conclude the vehicle accelerates,decelerates and remains constant when the cvt ratio is being varied.

Torque and speed curve result:

The torque and speed are inputted from the matlab workspace window to the generic engine block to generate the output rpm accordingly.the plot behaviour is generic to all the IC engines.

Baja atv model-mapped look up table with dashboard:

steps:

all the process are similar the lookup table is mapped with dash board the above here with dash board. the throttle and brakes are conttled by the controller as per the given condition.the below figure will represents the baja atv model mapped lookup table with dash board.according to the throttle and brake input the engine rotates and convert the chemical energy into mechanical energy.the energy is transmitted by the shaft and connects to the axle along with the wheels.finally the wheels moves.

 

The below figure is represented the dashboard. which is used to see dashboard blocks to build an intuitive and interactive interface for your model. The control blocks, such as the Knob block, connect to variables or tunable parameters in your model and allow you to interactively modify the value of the connected element during simulation.the controller is used to change the values

LOOKUP TABLE :The look up table parameters can be selected .The vehicle speed of 3.6m/s ,The table values of Cvt

a Look up table is an array of data that maps input values to output values, there by approximating a mathematical function.given a set of input values,a lookup operation retrieves the corresponding output values from the table.if the lookup table does not explicitly define the input values,simulink can estimate an output value using interpolation,extrapolation or rounding, where :

-interpolation is the procees of estimting the values that lie beyond the range of known data points 

-Rounding is a process for pproximating a value by altering its digits accoridng to a known rule.

a lookup table block uses an array of data to map input values to output values,approximating a mathematical function.given input values simulink performs a lookup operatiojn to retreive the corresponding output values from the table.if the look up table doesnot defind the input values,the blocks estimate the output values based on near by table values.at last the vehicle speed output is given as a feedback to the 2-D lookup table so that we can verify the velocity of the vehicle is changing perfectly when the CVT Ratio changes. the vehicles speed is converted to m/s from kmph.

CVT:The below diagram represents the cvt block that block is connected with the 1D lookup table.

after running the simulation the below plot represents the cvt primary and secondary rpm. The 'red color' of the plot is repesented the cvt secondary rpm and the 'Blue color'represent the Cvt primary rpm.

CVT Ratio:

In this baja ATV model,the engine is preset to run at 3300rpm with the throttle value of '0.3' and the velocity at 45KMPH.the CVT Ratio of minimum and maximum speed of the engine was pre defined as 0.5 respectively.when we start to running o the simulation with the initial throttle value of 0.3 is acheived so that the CVT ratio should be approximately 1.when the throttle is being increased the CVT ratio move towards the maximum engine speed.simultaneously when the throttle being decreases the cvt towards 0.5.while the braking is applied it reaches the minimum state.

Engine speed(rpm):when the below graph represents the engine speed in rpm.The rpm should be around 3300rpm,after applying the throttle the curve move towards maximum.after apply the brake it gets minimum rpm.the process should be continued based on the throttle applied.

THROTTLE PLOT:The below graph represents the throttle and brake .when the throttle applied the curve started increasing,the blue color is used for throttle. instead of applying the brake the red color curve is represent the brakes applied.

Torque and speed curve result:

The torque and speed are inputted from the matlab workspace window to the generic engine block to generate the output rpm accordingly.the plot behaviour is generic to all the IC engines.

 

conclusion:

The technical report explaining the model properties of ATV vehicle is created successfully.

references:matlab help