Project 2_Creating a 3D rendered model for a Residential Building in AutoCad

AIM: CREATING A 3D RENDERED MODEL FOR A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN AUTOCAD

INTRODUCTION:

The objective of this project is to create a plan in 2D and convert it into 3D using AUTOCAD 3D, then applying materials and rendering

2D drafting and drawing is the process of creating and editing technical drawings, as well as annotating designs. Drafters use computer-aided design (CAD) software to develop floor plans, building permit drawings, building inspection plans, and landscaping layouts.

2D Tools:

Construction Line: 

• Command used: XLINE  
• These are temporary linework entities that can be used as references when creating and positioning other objects or linework. 
• Construction lines are very important to draw the outline of the drawing plans 

Offset: 

• Command used: OFFSET 
• It is used to create parallel lines, concentric circles, and parallel curves. We can offset any object through a point or at a specified distance. 
• It has different options like Through, Erase and Layer option 

Trim: 

• Command used: TRIM 
• It is used to remove the objects, which meet the edges of other objects. It is used to remove extra lines or extra parts of an object.  
• We can also perform trim using different selection methods. We are required to select the portion of the object to trim. 
• Different options available are Fence, Crossing, erase, undo, project (for 3D objects), edge. 

Fillet: 

• Command used: FILLET 
• Fillet is an arc that is created tangent between two 2D objects. A curved transition between two surfaces or adjacent faces on a 3D solid. 

Circle: 

• Command used: CIRCLE 
• The circles are widely used in design and drawings. The circle command is used to draw a circle by specifying the center point and radius. 
• Different options available are center and radius, center and diameter, two point, three point, tangent tangent radius, tangent tangent tangent. 

Arc: 

• Command used: ARC OR A 
• The arc is defined as the smooth curve formed by joining two or more points. The arc of a circle is defined as the portion of the circumference of a circle.  
• By default, the arc is drawn counter-clockwise. We are required to press the Ctrl key to change the direction of the arc in the clockwise. 

Layers: 

• Command used: LA 
• Layers are the primary method for organizing the objects in a drawing by function or purpose.  
• Layers can reduce the visual complexity of a drawing and improve display performance by hiding information that you don't need to see at the moment. 

Line: 

• Command used: L 
• The line object is the most basic and common object in AutoCAD drawings of any discipline.  
• Each segment is a line object that can be edited separately, assigning properties such as layer, line type, and line weight. 

Text: 

• Command used: TEXT 
• Text in an AutoCAD drawing is the means by which you communicate information.  
• The ability to give text in an easy-to-read format is critical for good communication.  
• The methods for accessing and formatting text provide greater efficiency and control of the text objects in your drawings. 

Dimensions: 

• Command used: DIM 
• It is used to display the dimensions of drawings or models in AutoCAD. We can modify the dimensions in different drawing units according to the requirements.  

Rectangle: 

• Command used: REC 
• It is used to create rectangles in the drawing.
• There are two methods to draw a rectangle. In the first method, we can create rectangles randomly by specifying the points. In the second method, we can create rectangles by specifying the value (length and width).

Erase: 

• Command used: E
•  Erase on the command line or command prompt and press Enter
  

3D Tools:

Revolve: 

• Location: Draw > Modeling > Revolve
• This AutoCAD 3D command creates a 3D solid by revolving a 2D object around an axis.

Exrude:

• Location: Draw > Modeling > Extrude
• This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D face along a line or path. For example, A cylinder can be created by selecting a 2D circle and extruding it along with a path.

Sweep:

• Location: Draw > Modeling > Sweep
• This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the beginning of the path.

Union:

• Location: Modify > Solids Editing > Union
• This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one single object.

Subtrcat:

• Location: Modify > Solids Editing > Subtract
• This command is opposite to the union command; this command works when there is a common area in both the objects. Then this command subtracts the object A from the object B.

Intersect:

• Location: Modify > Solid Editing > Intersect

Drawings to be drawn to complete a 3D rendered model:

1. Plan
2. Elevation
3. Section
4. 3D model

PROCEDURE TO DRAW A PLAN:

• Initially set the units of drawing as Engineering (Meters)
• Now set the limits of drawing 
• Specify the lower left corner: (0,0) 
• Specify the upper right corner: (50,50) 
• Now, use the construction line to draw the wall of residence 
• Use command XLINE 
• Choose a vertical option to draw the construction line vertically 
• Choose a horizontal option to draw the construction line horizontally 
• Now, offset these lines to obtain the room required 
  
• External wall is 0.23m hence initially offset these lines to obtain walls horizontally and vertically. Hence, corner of the walls is formed 
• Internal wall thickness is 0.15m
  
• Now these horizontal lines are offsetted
  
• Now the vertical lines are offsetted
  
• After this, openings are created by trim option and also the unwanted lines are trimmed off finally, the outline of the residence is obtained
• Now, using the line tool and offset draw the doors, windows, stairs, ventilators, Chajja, Slab projection, Plinth projection, Column
• Draw a section AB as shown in plan for the section
• Now complete the drawing by dimensioning it and add text 
• Create different layers like exterior walls, text, dimensions etc and assign colors by which it can be easily selected.

PROCEDURE TO DRAW AN ELEVATION:

• First copy the ground floor plan and hide the text, dimensions
  
• Using construction line draw the lines vertically and horizontal to start the elevation
• Draw an offset of 0.6m for the plinth level upwards
  
• Draw an offset of 3m for wall height and 120mm for slab thickness
• Take offset of 0.9m for the parapet wall
• Take an offset of 2.1m from the parapet wall for the extension for glazing window
• Draw the windows, door, column and chajja using line and offset command of respective heights taken from the plan
• Trim off the unwanted lines
• Give the hatching at required places
• Now complete the drawing by dimensioning it and add text 

PROCEDURE TO DRAW AN SECTION:

• First copy the ground floor plan and hide the text, dimensions
  
• Using construction line draw the lines vertically and horizontal to start the elevation
• Draw an offset of 0.6m for the plinth projection upwards and 0.9 for foundation below
• Draw a sunk of 300mm in the plinth level
• Again, draw an offset of 3m for wall height and 120mm for slab thickness
• Draw foundation of 0.9x0.9m and P.C.C of 150mm thickness
• Take an offset of 2.1m from the parapet wall for the extension and 120mm for slab thickness
• Take offset of 0.9m for the parapet wall and trim off the unwanted lines
• Now draw the door opening, windows, ventilator and W.C section
• Draw the cross-section of stairs using T=0.3 and Riser= 0.156
• Take an offset of 0.06 from the slab for water proofing
• Trim off the unwanted lines
• Give the hatching at required places
• Now complete the drawing by dimensioning it and add text 

PROCEDURE TO DRAW THE 3D MODEL:

• Convert the drawing space to 3D modelling from Drafting and Annotation
• Copy the ground floor plan and hide the text, dimensions
• Go to SW Isometric view from the view cube
• Draw the walls of height 3m by using extrude command leaving the openings for doors, windows and ventilators
• Extrude the plinth level by 0.6m downwards and column upwards to the floor height
• Extrude the slab 120mm and place in the correct position uisng move command
• Now draw the doors, windows and place them in the correct positions
• Using boundary and extrude command draw the opening for stairs and also draw the walls from the slab for the terrace
• Extrude the top Slab of 120mm
• Draw the parapet wall of 0.23m by using extrude and place in correct position
• Now, apply the materials uisng materials browser to the walls, plinth, slab, doors, windows, columnn, stairs,
• Draw the boundary outside the plinth and extrude it downwards and change into realistic view
• Make a mirror of the 3d model using 3d mirror
• Now for the rendering, go to visualize, select the camera and place the camera at the correct position in top view
• Make the necessary adjustment with the camera and apply the sun, sky and shadow as required
• Set the rendering settings for the render as high quality and full hd and start render
• Now save the rendered image for the completion of the 3D rendered model

RESULTS:

PLAN-

ELEVATION-

SECTION AB-

RENDERED IMAGE AND 3D MODEL-