Project 1 _Creating an Architectural plan for the provided plot size and develop relevant basic structural drawings

Design and Draft a layout of a residential building with the following details:

a. Plot Size: 60’x20’(18.3m x6m) 

b. Orientation- Facing East 

c. Develop the following: 1. Architectural Drawing (Floor Plan, Elevations, and Sections) 2. Structural Drawing (Column, Beam, Footing Plan)

AIM- To draw Architectural drawing and Structural drawing of a residential building of plot size 60'x20' facing East using autoCAD.

INTRODUCTION- 

• Layout plan- 
  • In architecture and building engineering, a floor plan is a drawing to scale, showing a view from above, of the relationships between rooms, spaces, traffic patterns, and other physical features at one level of a structure.
  • Dimensions are usually drawn between the walls to specify room sizes and wall lengths.
  • A scale diagram of the arrangement of rooms in one storey of a building.
  • Floor plans make it easier to check if a space works for its purpose.
  • A floor plan helps with any potential challenges, redesigning and functionality goals.
  • This can help greatly with in depth planning and building stages.
  • Floor plans highlight both the interior and outdoor of a space.
  • A scale diagram of a room or suite of rooms viewed from above and used especially for planning effective use and arrangement of furnishings.
• Section plan-
  • Section plan shows a view of a structure as though it had been sliced in half or cut along another imaginary plane.
  • Section drawings are a specific type of drawing architects use to illustrate a building or portion of a building.
  • A section is drawn from a vertical plane slicing through a building.
  • This is as if you cut through a space vertically and stood directly in front looking straight at it.
  • Sections are a common design drawing and technical architectural or engineering convention for graphic representation of architecture.
  • Section drawings are orthographic projections.
  • This means they are not drawn in perspective and there is no foreshortening. 
• Elevation- 
  • An elevation is a view of a building seen from one side, a flat representation of one side.
  • This is the most common view used to describe the external appearance of a building.
  • Elevation is as if you directly in front of a building and looked straight at it.
  • Each elevation is labelled in relation to the compass direction it faces, e.g. looking toward the north you would be seeing the southern elevation of the building. 
  • Buildings are rarely a simple rectangular shape in plan, so a typical elevation may show all the parts of the building that are seen from a particular direction.
  • Geometrically, an elevation is a horizontal orthographic projection of a building onto a vertical plane, the vertical plane normally being parallel to one side of the building.

• Structural drawing-
  • The structural plan drawings show the foundation, column, beam, slab plan of the building.
  • These plans provide information like size and location of the structural elements present in the respective plans. 
  • The structural drawings are primarily concerned with the load-carrying members of a structure.
  • They outline the size and types of materials to be used, as well as the general demands for connections.
  • They do not address architectural details like surface finishes, partition walls, or mechanical systems.
  • Structural Drawings are used to progress the Architect's concept by specifying the shape and position of all parts of the structure.
  • Structural Drawings are also used for the preparation of the reinforcement drawings
• AutoCAD-
  • AutoCAD stands for Computer-Aided Design. 
  • AutoCAD is software developed by the company Autodesk.
  • It allows you to draw and edit digital 2D and 3D designs more quickly and easily than you could by hand.
  • This software is used for designing and drafting.
  • It is used for a number of applications like creating blueprints for buildings, bridges, etc.
  • AutoCAD is 2D and 3D computer aided drafting software application.
  • AutoCAD software saves a huge time, saving time is equal to earn more income by more output, It is a simple enough software with the real user friendly interface, It is easy to grasp and it can provide you the basic exposure, It is very beneficial in designing 3D.
  • Civil engineers design, construct, supervise, operate, and maintain large construction projects and systems, including roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and systems for water supply and sewage treatment.
  • commands in autoCAD-
    • Line- Start the Line command by clicking the Line button on the Draw panel on the Ribbon, or by entering L and then pressing Enter. Draw line segments by picking several random points. Terminate the command by pressing Enter, Esc, or the spacebar. Press Enter or the spacebar to repeat the Line command.
    • Dimensions- You can select objects or points on objects to dimension, and then click to place the dimension line. When you hover over an object, the DIM command automatically generates a preview of a suitable dimension type to use. Supported dimension types include vertical, horizontal, and aligned linear dimensions.
    • Text- Select text command from the Annotation menu of the Home tab of this software. We have two types of text command in auto cad. One is Multiline text, and the other is Single line text. You can use any one of the text commands according to your requirement.
    • Fillet- Select the Fillet command from the ribbon panel, Or Type F on the command line or command prompt and press Enter. then Select the first object,Type R or Radius. Enter. Then Specify the radius of the Fillet and press Enter and Select the second object.
    • Trim- Click Home tab Modify panel Trim. Find. Select the objects to serve as cutting edges. Press Enter when you finish selecting the cutting edges. Select the objects to trim and press Enter a second time when you finish selecting the objects to trim.
    • Offset- We can offset any object through a point or at a specified distance. We can create as many parallel lines and curves with the help of the offset command. 
    • Layer command- The layer command is used to control and manage the drawings in AutoCAD for different purposes. It increases the display performance of the AutoCAD by hiding the portion of our drawing when needed. It also improves the visual complexity of the drawing.
    • Hatch command-Go to the Draw panel on the Home tab>You will see a Hatch creation tab>Further specify the pattern on the Pattern panel>Choose your desired method>Pick Points or Select Boundary Objects>After filling the area, hit Enter to apply the hatch.
    • Construction lines- Click Home tab Draw panel Construction Line> Specify a point to define the root of the construction line > Specify a second point through which the construction line should pass and enter.
    •  

PROCEDURE-

1. TO DRAW PALN LAYOUT.

STEP 1- 

• Line- Start the Line command by clicking the Line button on the Draw panel on the Ribbon, or by entering L and then pressing Enter. Draw line segments by picking several random points. Terminate the command by pressing Enter, Esc, or the spacebar. Press Enter or the spacebar to repeat the Line command.
• Trim- Click Home tab Modify panel Trim. Find. Select the objects to serve as cutting edges. Press Enter when you finish selecting the cutting edges. Select the objects to trim and press Enter a second time when you finish selecting the objects to trim.
• Offset- We can offset any object through a point or at a specified distance. We can create as many parallel lines and curves with the help of the offset command. 
• Layer command- The layer command is used to control and manage the drawings in AutoCAD for different purposes. It increases the display performance of the AutoCAD by hiding the portion of our drawing when needed. It also improves the visual complexity of the drawing.
• 

STEP 2-

• Place all doors and windows.
• 

STEP 3-

• Dimensions- You can select objects or points on objects to dimension, and then click to place the dimension line. When you hover over an object, the DIM command automatically generates a preview of a suitable dimension type to use. Supported dimension types include vertical, horizontal, and aligned linear dimensions.
• Text- Select text command from the Annotation menu of the Home tab of this software. We have two types of text command in auto cad. One is Multiline text, and the other is Single line text. You can use any one of the text commands according to your requirement.
• Give all text and dimensions to layout plan.
• 

STEP 4-

• Layer command- The layer command is used to control and manage the drawings in AutoCAD for different purposes. It increases the display performance of the AutoCAD by hiding the portion of our drawing when needed. It also improves the visual complexity of the drawing.
• Draw chhajja projection.
• 

2. TO DRAW ELEVATION.

STEP 1-

• Construction lines- by using construction lines draw section A-A.
• Construction lines- Click Home tab Draw panel Construction Line> Specify a point to define the root of the construction line > Specify a second point through which the construction line should pass and enter.
• 

STEP 2-

• Line- Start the Line command by clicking the Line button on the Draw panel on the Ribbon, or by entering L and then pressing Enter. Draw line segments by picking several random points. Terminate the command by pressing Enter, Esc, or the spacebar. Press Enter or the spacebar to repeat the Line command.
• 

STEP 3-

• Place door and window.
• 

STEP 4-

• Hatch- by using hatch command draw rubble masonary, wall clading and parapet wall section.
• 

STEP 5-

• Give dimensions and text.
• 

3.TO DRAW SECTION.

STEP 1-

• Draw section line through plan.
• 

STEP 2-

• Draw construction lines.
• 

STEP 3-

• By using command line draw all lines in section plan.
• 

STEP 4-

• Draw door window and ventilater in section.
• 

STEP 5-

• Hatch command- By using hatch command show concrete section, wall section, and earth filling in rubble masonary.
• 

STEP 6-

• Give dimensions and text to section plan.
• 

4. TO DRAW COLUMN LAYOUT PLAN

STEP 1-

• Draw center line throughout all walls.
• 

STEP 2-

• Place columns wherever required.
• and hatch the column section.
• 

STEP 3-

• Lable the column positions.
• 

STEP  4-

• Add column details.
• 

5. TO DRAW BEAM LAYOUT.

STEP 1-

• Draw center line throughout all walls.
• 

STEP 2-

• By using line command draw all beam section
• 

6. TO DRAW FOUNDATION LAYOUT

STEP 1-

• Draw center line throughout all walls.
• 

STEP 2-

• Place columns wherever required.
• and hatch the column section.
• 

STEP 3-

• Lable the column positions.
• 

STEP 4-

• Now draw foundation layout for all columns.
• 

FINAL RESULT-

1. TO DRAW PLAN LAYOUT.

2.TO DRAW ELEVATION

3.TO DRAW SECTION

4. TO DRAW COLUMN LAYOUT PLAN

5. TO DRAW BEAM LAYOUT

6. TO DRAW FOUNDATION LAYOUT.