Creating various 3D Models like Furniture, Footing, Girder, Column drop with panel and Gable Wall in AutoCad

1. Create a 3D Furniture element as shown in the Figure. Assume dimensions which are missing.

AIM- CREATE THE 3D MODEL OF FURNITURE ELEMENT SHOWN IN THE FIGURE.

INTRODUCTION-

AutoCAD-

• AutoCAD stands for Computer-Aided Design. 
• AutoCAD is software developed by the company Autodesk.
• It allows you to draw and edit digital 2D and 3D designs more quickly and easily than you could by hand.
• This software is used for designing and drafting.
• It is used for a number of applications like creating blueprints for buildings, bridges, etc.
• AutoCAD is 2D and 3D computer aided drafting software application.
• AutoCAD software saves a huge time, saving time is equal to earn more income by more output, It is a simple enough software with the real user friendly interface, It is easy to grasp and it can provide you the basic exposure, It is very beneficial in designing 3D.
• Civil engineers design, construct, supervise, operate, and maintain large construction projects and systems, including roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and systems for water supply and sewage treatment.

AutoCAD 3D- Commands

• 3DMOVE: Click 3D Move in the Modify panel on the Home tab, or type 3DMOVE at the command line.
• 3DROTATE: Click 3D Rotate in the Modify panel on the Home tab, or type 3DROTATE at the command line.
• 3DSCALE: Click 3D Scale in the Modify panel, or type 3DSCALE at the command line.
• 3DALign: An improved version of the ALign command that includes additional options as well as the ability to move and rotate a copy of the selected objects and use Dynamic UCS with the command. Click 3D Align in the Modify panel on the Home tab.
• Fillet and chamfer: Because fillets and chamfers are common real-world features, it’s logical that tools for creating them are available. You can fillet or bevel the edges of a 3D solid by clicking the Fillet Edge (or Chamfer Edge) split button in the Solid Editing panel on the Solid tab.
• Shell (solidedit): Using this command you can convert a 3D solid into a hollow solid with a wall thickness. To use this command type SOLIDEDIT on the command line press enter type B press enter again type S and press enter again. Alternatively, you can also select the shell tool from Solid editing panel of the Solid tab.
• Surfpatch: Using this command you can fill the open areas of a surface like the top of a cylinder as shown in the animated image below.
• Moveface: Using this tool you can move faces like a groove of a 3D solid from one point to other as shown in the animated image below. For using this tool type SOLIDEDIT on the command line press enter then type F press enter then type M and press enter again.
• Surfoffset: Using this command you can offset any surface inside, outside or on both sides of the surface as shown in the animated image below.
• Extrude: This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D face along a line or path. For example, A cylinder can be created by selecting a 2D circle and extruding it along with a path.
• Sweep: This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the beginning of the path.
• Union: This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one single object.
• Subtract: This command is opposite to the union command; this command works when there is a common area in both the objects. Then this command subtracts the object A from the object B.
• Intersect: With this AutoCAD 3D command, the user is left with the area that is common to both the objects.
• Slice: The SLice command lets you cut a 3D solid along a plane. You can slice a 3D solid by using a planar curve, such as a circle, 2D polyline, or surface, among many others. When you slice a 3D solid, you can choose which part of the 3D solid is retained, or you can keep both. This image shows a solid model that has been sliced in half.
• Thicken: Using this command you can convert a surface into a 3D solid by adding thickness to it.
• Polysolid: Using this command you can make a 3D wall-like shape as shown in the image here, you can also define height and thickness of this poly solid using command line options.
• XEDGES: You can extract edges of a 3D solid as 2D geometries using this tool. In the image shown here the XEDGES tool has been used to extract the edges of the 3D solid and then the solid geometry has been moved to reveal the edges only.
• Flatshot: This command is great for converting a 3D drawing into 2D and using this command you can also create multiple views of a single 3D drawing like the front, top and isometric on a single plane. To know more about this command follow the related article.
• Interfere: This command can be used to detect intersecting 3D solids. The command is especially useful in situations where you want to detect clashes between different solids like pipes and walls. 

PROCEDURE-

STEP 1-

•  Draw box of 2'x3'x2'6" by using line command.
• 

STEP 2-

• Now draw projection of 2".
• 

STEP 3-

• Now extrude that face up to 2'10".
• 

 STEP 4-

• Use 3DFACE command and make the surfaces.
• 

STEP 5-

• Now put all the dimensions in the figure.
• 

RESULT-

• The given 3D model of furniture element is drawn.
• 

2. Create the 3d Model of an Isolated footing as shown in Figure.

AIM- CREATE THE 3D MODEL OF ISOLATED FOOTING.

INTRODUCTION-

Isolated footing-

• The isolated footing is used to support individual columns.
• They can be either of steeped type or have projections in the concrete-base.
• In the case of heavily loaded columns, steel reinforcement is provided in both the directions in a concrete bed.
• Generally, a 15 cm offset is provided on all sided of the concrete bed.
• In the case of brick masonry columns, an offset of 5 cm is provided also on all the four sides in regular layers.
• When the footing of concrete columns maybe a slab, steeped or slope type.

AutoCAD-

• AutoCAD stands for Computer-Aided Design. 
• AutoCAD is software developed by the company Autodesk.
• It allows you to draw and edit digital 2D and 3D designs more quickly and easily than you could by hand.
• This software is used for designing and drafting.
• It is used for a number of applications like creating blueprints for buildings, bridges, etc.
• AutoCAD is 2D and 3D computer aided drafting software application.
• AutoCAD software saves a huge time, saving time is equal to earn more income by more output, It is a simple enough software with the real user friendly interface, It is easy to grasp and it can provide you the basic exposure, It is very beneficial in designing 3D.
• Civil engineers design, construct, supervise, operate, and maintain large construction projects and systems, including roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and systems for water supply and sewage treatment.

AutoCAD 3D- Commands

• 3DMOVE: Click 3D Move in the Modify panel on the Home tab, or type 3DMOVE at the command line.
• 3DROTATE: Click 3D Rotate in the Modify panel on the Home tab, or type 3DROTATE at the command line.
• 3DSCALE: Click 3D Scale in the Modify panel, or type 3DSCALE at the command line.
• 3DALign: An improved version of the ALign command that includes additional options as well as the ability to move and rotate a copy of the selected objects and use Dynamic UCS with the command. Click 3D Align in the Modify panel on the Home tab.
• Fillet and chamfer: Because fillets and chamfers are common real-world features, it’s logical that tools for creating them are available. You can fillet or bevel the edges of a 3D solid by clicking the Fillet Edge (or Chamfer Edge) split button in the Solid Editing panel on the Solid tab.
• Shell (solidedit): Using this command you can convert a 3D solid into a hollow solid with a wall thickness. To use this command type SOLIDEDIT on the command line press enter type B press enter again type S and press enter again. Alternatively, you can also select the shell tool from Solid editing panel of the Solid tab.
• Surfpatch: Using this command you can fill the open areas of a surface like the top of a cylinder as shown in the animated image below.
• Moveface: Using this tool you can move faces like a groove of a 3D solid from one point to other as shown in the animated image below. For using this tool type SOLIDEDIT on the command line press enter then type F press enter then type M and press enter again.
• Surfoffset: Using this command you can offset any surface inside, outside or on both sides of the surface as shown in the animated image below.
• Extrude: This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D face along a line or path. For example, A cylinder can be created by selecting a 2D circle and extruding it along with a path.
• Sweep: This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the beginning of the path.
• Union: This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one single object.
• Subtract: This command is opposite to the union command; this command works when there is a common area in both the objects. Then this command subtracts the object A from the object B.
• Intersect: With this AutoCAD 3D command, the user is left with the area that is common to both the objects.
• Slice: The SLice command lets you cut a 3D solid along a plane. You can slice a 3D solid by using a planar curve, such as a circle, 2D polyline, or surface, among many others. When you slice a 3D solid, you can choose which part of the 3D solid is retained, or you can keep both. This image shows a solid model that has been sliced in half.
• Thicken: Using this command you can convert a surface into a 3D solid by adding thickness to it.
• Polysolid: Using this command you can make a 3D wall-like shape as shown in the image here, you can also define height and thickness of this poly solid using command line options.
• XEDGES: You can extract edges of a 3D solid as 2D geometries using this tool. In the image shown here the XEDGES tool has been used to extract the edges of the 3D solid and then the solid geometry has been moved to reveal the edges only.
• Flatshot: This command is great for converting a 3D drawing into 2D and using this command you can also create multiple views of a single 3D drawing like the front, top and isometric on a single plane. To know more about this command follow the related article.
• Interfere: This command can be used to detect intersecting 3D solids. The command is especially useful in situations where you want to detect clashes between different solids like pipes and walls. 

PROCEDURE-

STEP 1-

•  Draw square of 3' using line command and then extrude up to height of 6".
• 

STEP 2-

• Now select TOP view.
• Draw offset of square at 2' to form topmost portion of footing.
• And then move it in z direction at 2'.
• 

STEP 3-

• Now join all 4 corner points.
• 

STEP 4-

• Use 3D face command.
• 

STEP 5-

• Now give all dimensions.
• 

RESULT-

• 3D model of isolated footing is drawn.
• 

3. Create the 3D view of the AASTHO Type Girder.

AIM- CREATE THE 3D MODEL OF THE AASTHO TYPE GIRDER.

INTRODUCTION-

AASTHO type girder:

• In 1956, the Bureau of Public Roads (now FHWA), AASHO (now AASHTO), and the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI) worked together to develop and present four standard sections of AASHTO Type I, II, III, and IV as an initial PSC I girder, the construction of PSC I girder bridges began to become common in Italy and other European countries from the 1960s.
• In 1965, AASHTO Type V and VI, which expanded the width of the upper flange through additional research, were proposed.
• The AASHTO girder is characterized by pre-tensioning as the method of introducing pre-stressing.

AUTOCAD:

• AutoCAD stands for Computer-Aided Design. 
• AutoCAD is software developed by the company Autodesk.
• It allows you to draw and edit digital 2D and 3D designs more quickly and easily than you could by hand.
• This software is used for designing and drafting.
• It is used for a number of applications like creating blueprints for buildings, bridges, etc.
• AutoCAD is 2D and 3D computer aided drafting software application.
• AutoCAD software saves a huge time, saving time is equal to earn more income by more output, It is a simple enough software with the real user friendly interface, It is easy to grasp and it can provide you the basic exposure, It is very beneficial in designing 3D.
• Civil engineers design, construct, supervise, operate, and maintain large construction projects and systems, including roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and systems for water supply and sewage treatment.

AutoCAD 3D- Commands

• 3DMOVE: Click 3D Move in the Modify panel on the Home tab, or type 3DMOVE at the command line.
• 3DROTATE: Click 3D Rotate in the Modify panel on the Home tab, or type 3DROTATE at the command line.
• 3DSCALE: Click 3D Scale in the Modify panel, or type 3DSCALE at the command line.
• 3DALign: An improved version of the ALign command that includes additional options as well as the ability to move and rotate a copy of the selected objects and use Dynamic UCS with the command. Click 3D Align in the Modify panel on the Home tab.
• Fillet and chamfer: Because fillets and chamfers are common real-world features, it’s logical that tools for creating them are available. You can fillet or bevel the edges of a 3D solid by clicking the Fillet Edge (or Chamfer Edge) split button in the Solid Editing panel on the Solid tab.
• Shell (solidedit): Using this command you can convert a 3D solid into a hollow solid with a wall thickness. To use this command type SOLIDEDIT on the command line press enter type B press enter again type S and press enter again. Alternatively, you can also select the shell tool from Solid editing panel of the Solid tab.
• Surfpatch: Using this command you can fill the open areas of a surface like the top of a cylinder as shown in the animated image below.
• Moveface: Using this tool you can move faces like a groove of a 3D solid from one point to other as shown in the animated image below. For using this tool type SOLIDEDIT on the command line press enter then type F press enter then type M and press enter again.
• Surfoffset: Using this command you can offset any surface inside, outside or on both sides of the surface as shown in the animated image below.
• Extrude: This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D face along a line or path. For example, A cylinder can be created by selecting a 2D circle and extruding it along with a path.
• Sweep: This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the beginning of the path.
• Union: This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one single object.
• Subtract: This command is opposite to the union command; this command works when there is a common area in both the objects. Then this command subtracts the object A from the object B.
• Intersect: With this AutoCAD 3D command, the user is left with the area that is common to both the objects.
• Slice: The SLice command lets you cut a 3D solid along a plane. You can slice a 3D solid by using a planar curve, such as a circle, 2D polyline, or surface, among many others. When you slice a 3D solid, you can choose which part of the 3D solid is retained, or you can keep both. This image shows a solid model that has been sliced in half.
• Thicken: Using this command you can convert a surface into a 3D solid by adding thickness to it.
• Polysolid: Using this command you can make a 3D wall-like shape as shown in the image here, you can also define height and thickness of this poly solid using command line options.
• XEDGES: You can extract edges of a 3D solid as 2D geometries using this tool. In the image shown here the XEDGES tool has been used to extract the edges of the 3D solid and then the solid geometry has been moved to reveal the edges only.
• Flatshot: This command is great for converting a 3D drawing into 2D and using this command you can also create multiple views of a single 3D drawing like the front, top and isometric on a single plane. To know more about this command follow the related article.
• Interfere: This command can be used to detect intersecting 3D solids. The command is especially useful in situations where you want to detect clashes between different solids like pipes and walls. 

PROCEDURE-

STEP 1-

• Draw the girder in x and y plane by using line command.
• 

STEP 2-

• Now extrude it up to 10'.
• 

STEP 3-

4. Create a 3d Model of a  drop column with panel as shown in section and isometric view.

AIM- CREATE THE 3D MODEL OF DROP COLUMN WITH PANEL AS SHOWN IN SECTION AND ISOMETRIC VIEW. 

INTRODUCTION-

Drop column with panel-

• Drop panels are the rectangular portion provided above the column and below the slab in order to restrict slab from getting sheared and undergo rupture.
• Drop panel increases the contact surface area between the column and slab, which will enable a better distribution of load from slab to column. Thus, it will reduce the chance of slab failure due to unbalanced moments.
• In the region between the column and the slab, drop panel is installed. It represents increase in stability and efficient manner of load distribution to column.
• The main uses of the drop panel are as below.
  • Drop panel tends to improve the competence to resist shear failure, which can happen in the flat slab.
  • Drop panel tends to enhance negative moment capacity of the flat slab.
  • Drop panel tends to minimize the deflection through fabrication of the flat slab.

AutoCAD-

• AutoCAD stands for Computer-Aided Design. 
• AutoCAD is software developed by the company Autodesk.
• It allows you to draw and edit digital 2D and 3D designs more quickly and easily than you could by hand.
• This software is used for designing and drafting.
• It is used for a number of applications like creating blueprints for buildings, bridges, etc.
• AutoCAD is 2D and 3D computer aided drafting software application.
• AutoCAD software saves a huge time, saving time is equal to earn more income by more output, It is a simple enough software with the real user friendly interface, It is easy to grasp and it can provide you the basic exposure, It is very beneficial in designing 3D.
• Civil engineers design, construct, supervise, operate, and maintain large construction projects and systems, including roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and systems for water supply and sewage treatment.

AutoCAD 3D- Commands

• 3DMOVE: Click 3D Move in the Modify panel on the Home tab, or type 3DMOVE at the command line.
• 3DROTATE: Click 3D Rotate in the Modify panel on the Home tab, or type 3DROTATE at the command line.
• 3DSCALE: Click 3D Scale in the Modify panel, or type 3DSCALE at the command line.
• 3DALign: An improved version of the ALign command that includes additional options as well as the ability to move and rotate a copy of the selected objects and use Dynamic UCS with the command. Click 3D Align in the Modify panel on the Home tab.
• Fillet and chamfer: Because fillets and chamfers are common real-world features, it’s logical that tools for creating them are available. You can fillet or bevel the edges of a 3D solid by clicking the Fillet Edge (or Chamfer Edge) split button in the Solid Editing panel on the Solid tab.
• Shell (solidedit): Using this command you can convert a 3D solid into a hollow solid with a wall thickness. To use this command type SOLIDEDIT on the command line press enter type B press enter again type S and press enter again. Alternatively, you can also select the shell tool from Solid editing panel of the Solid tab.
• Surfpatch: Using this command you can fill the open areas of a surface like the top of a cylinder as shown in the animated image below.
• Moveface: Using this tool you can move faces like a groove of a 3D solid from one point to other as shown in the animated image below. For using this tool type SOLIDEDIT on the command line press enter then type F press enter then type M and press enter again.
• Surfoffset: Using this command you can offset any surface inside, outside or on both sides of the surface as shown in the animated image below.
• Extrude: This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D face along a line or path. For example, A cylinder can be created by selecting a 2D circle and extruding it along with a path.
• Sweep: This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the beginning of the path.
• Union: This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one single object.
• Subtract: This command is opposite to the union command; this command works when there is a common area in both the objects. Then this command subtracts the object A from the object B.
• Intersect: With this AutoCAD 3D command, the user is left with the area that is common to both the objects.
• Slice: The SLice command lets you cut a 3D solid along a plane. You can slice a 3D solid by using a planar curve, such as a circle, 2D polyline, or surface, among many others. When you slice a 3D solid, you can choose which part of the 3D solid is retained, or you can keep both. This image shows a solid model that has been sliced in half.
• Thicken: Using this command you can convert a surface into a 3D solid by adding thickness to it.
• Polysolid: Using this command you can make a 3D wall-like shape as shown in the image here, you can also define height and thickness of this poly solid using command line options.
• XEDGES: You can extract edges of a 3D solid as 2D geometries using this tool. In the image shown here the XEDGES tool has been used to extract the edges of the 3D solid and then the solid geometry has been moved to reveal the edges only.
• Flatshot: This command is great for converting a 3D drawing into 2D and using this command you can also create multiple views of a single 3D drawing like the front, top and isometric on a single plane. To know more about this command follow the related article.
• Interfere: This command can be used to detect intersecting 3D solids. The command is especially useful in situations where you want to detect clashes between different solids like pipes and walls. 

PROCEDURE-

STEP 1-

• Draw column flat slab of square size having dimension 4'6".

STEP 2-

• Now by using cone command draw conical part.
• put base diameter as 3'6"
• Now select top radius and put top radius as 1'6".
• Not enter height of cone as 1'.
• 

STEP 3-

• Now draw cylinder of height 10' of diameter 1'6".
• 

STEP 4-

• Now select Custom visual style as shaded.
• 

RESULT-

5.  Create the 3d model of a wall as shown in Figure. Consider wall thickness as 9”.

AIM- CREATE THE 3D MODEL OF WALL.

INTRODUCTION-

Gable wall-

• A gable is the generally triangular portion of a wall between the edges of intersecting roof pitches. The shape of the gable and how it is detailed depends on the structural system used, which reflects climate, material availability, and aesthetic concerns.

AutoCAD-

• AutoCAD stands for Computer-Aided Design. 
• AutoCAD is software developed by the company Autodesk.
• It allows you to draw and edit digital 2D and 3D designs more quickly and easily than you could by hand.
• This software is used for designing and drafting.
• It is used for a number of applications like creating blueprints for buildings, bridges, etc.
• AutoCAD is 2D and 3D computer aided drafting software application.
• AutoCAD software saves a huge time, saving time is equal to earn more income by more output, It is a simple enough software with the real user friendly interface, It is easy to grasp and it can provide you the basic exposure, It is very beneficial in designing 3D.
• Civil engineers design, construct, supervise, operate, and maintain large construction projects and systems, including roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and systems for water supply and sewage treatment.

AutoCAD 3D- Commands

• 3DMOVE: Click 3D Move in the Modify panel on the Home tab, or type 3DMOVE at the command line.
• 3DROTATE: Click 3D Rotate in the Modify panel on the Home tab, or type 3DROTATE at the command line.
• 3DSCALE: Click 3D Scale in the Modify panel, or type 3DSCALE at the command line.
• 3DALign: An improved version of the ALign command that includes additional options as well as the ability to move and rotate a copy of the selected objects and use Dynamic UCS with the command. Click 3D Align in the Modify panel on the Home tab.
• Fillet and chamfer: Because fillets and chamfers are common real-world features, it’s logical that tools for creating them are available. You can fillet or bevel the edges of a 3D solid by clicking the Fillet Edge (or Chamfer Edge) split button in the Solid Editing panel on the Solid tab.
• Shell (solidedit): Using this command you can convert a 3D solid into a hollow solid with a wall thickness. To use this command type SOLIDEDIT on the command line press enter type B press enter again type S and press enter again. Alternatively, you can also select the shell tool from Solid editing panel of the Solid tab.
• Surfpatch: Using this command you can fill the open areas of a surface like the top of a cylinder as shown in the animated image below.
• Moveface: Using this tool you can move faces like a groove of a 3D solid from one point to other as shown in the animated image below. For using this tool type SOLIDEDIT on the command line press enter then type F press enter then type M and press enter again.
• Surfoffset: Using this command you can offset any surface inside, outside or on both sides of the surface as shown in the animated image below.
• Extrude: This AutoCAD 3D Extrude command allows the user to create a 3D object by extruding a 2D face along a line or path. For example, A cylinder can be created by selecting a 2D circle and extruding it along with a path.
• Sweep: This command helps the user to extrude the 2D objects without the 2D face being orthogonal to the beginning of the path.
• Union: This AutoCAD 3D command allows the user to combine two objects converting them into one single object.
• Subtract: This command is opposite to the union command; this command works when there is a common area in both the objects. Then this command subtracts the object A from the object B.
• Intersect: With this AutoCAD 3D command, the user is left with the area that is common to both the objects.
• Slice: The SLice command lets you cut a 3D solid along a plane. You can slice a 3D solid by using a planar curve, such as a circle, 2D polyline, or surface, among many others. When you slice a 3D solid, you can choose which part of the 3D solid is retained, or you can keep both. This image shows a solid model that has been sliced in half.
• Thicken: Using this command you can convert a surface into a 3D solid by adding thickness to it.
• Polysolid: Using this command you can make a 3D wall-like shape as shown in the image here, you can also define height and thickness of this poly solid using command line options.
• XEDGES: You can extract edges of a 3D solid as 2D geometries using this tool. In the image shown here the XEDGES tool has been used to extract the edges of the 3D solid and then the solid geometry has been moved to reveal the edges only.
• Flatshot: This command is great for converting a 3D drawing into 2D and using this command you can also create multiple views of a single 3D drawing like the front, top and isometric on a single plane. To know more about this command follow the related article.
• Interfere: This command can be used to detect intersecting 3D solids. The command is especially useful in situations where you want to detect clashes between different solids like pipes and walls. 

PROCEDURE-

STEP 1-

• Draw wall using line command.
• 

STEP 2-

• Now extrude by 9".
• 

STEP 3-

• Now subtract door from wall.
• 

STEP 4-

• Give dimensions.
• 

STEP 5-

• Now select Custom visual style as shaded.
• 

RESULT-

• 3D view of wall is drawn.
• 

FINAL RESULT-

• 3D view of funiture model is drawn.
• 
• 3D view of isolated footing is drawn.
• 
• 3D view of aastho type girder is drawn.
• 
• 3D view of drop column with panel is drawn
• 
• 3D view of wall is drawn.
•