Photo Realistic Rendering

Title: modelling of the chopper model in Solidworks.

- Objectives:

- To model different parts of the chopper along with proper constraints. 

- To do assembly of the chopper model.

- Perform the rendering operations.

- Introduction:

- Designing or modelling of a vehicle generally starts with the styling team, where this team decides the styling of the vehicle as per the requirement and generated the class A surface, which is later then forwarded to the design team for modelling using a solid model or surfacing which is more popular nowadays compared to the solid modelling.

- However, here in this particular project, solid modelling is performed and a basic procedure of forming a 2D sketch and then converting it into a solid using commands like extrude, extrude cut, sweep, mirror, and many other are used.

- From the image above a simple procedure for modelling is shown and an overall idea can be generated of how the actual process might be.

- Method:

- In order to model the chopper it is required to model all the parts individually and then assemble them.

- The parts modelled for this model are- front & real wheel, front & rear mudguard, front forks, fuel tank, oil tank, engine, chain, side stand, headlights, footpegs, exhaust.

- As the number of parts are more and it is not feasible to show the entire process some of the parts are shown below with the operations performed to model them.

- Here, projected curves are the most tricky tool used in order to model the exhaust and wires.

- 2D sketch:

- In order to make solid models, it is necessary to create a 2D sketch and extrude them. Extrude is a material addition operation, this same operation is available in different tools and serves the same purpose. 

- While creating a sketch, it is also necessary to check whether it is fully constrained or not. A fully constrained sketch is always preferred.

- Proper dimensioning must be given in order to make it a standard drawing.

- 3D model:

- In order to form a 3D model, it is required to draw a 2D sketch as mentioned above and by using material addition commands like extrude a 3D model is created. By reading it might look simple but as the model gets complexed it gets difficult to form a more proper 3D model.

- Assembly:

- In order to connect all the components and form a final assembly, an assembly toolbox is used where all the parts are connected together by applying different constraints. Here, the constraints are like contact or alignment or surface or parallel which enables us to connect different parts and make them fixed with respect to each other.

- For performing any assembly it is required to add constraints so they do not move and remain fixed with the main component, which in this case is the chassis of the chopper.

- Rendering:

- After completing the model and assembly in order to improve the representation it is a regular practice to render the model, this basically consists of using in build tools or some other tool like key shot. Solidworks itself has an inbuilt app to perform rendering. 

- Some images of the rendered models are added. 

Rim modelling for the rear wheel of the chopper.	Rim for the rear wheel has been formed. Here the major tools used are revolve, extrude, extrude cut, mirror, pattern, etc.
After forming the upper rubber using revolve tool, is it required to show the slots for the grip on the tire in order to provide friction while riding the vehicle. A representation has been shown. Pattern tool is used to perform on the entire wheel.	The complete tire has been made along with the calliper, disk brake, and sprocket.
Projected curves are used in order to form a curve for brake wire.	In order to build the chassis, the chopper image is taken as a reference and sketch is formed in order to follow the curvatures shown in the image.
	In the same way, as chassis are build by tracing the image and building the sketch, the engine and crankcase are also made by using the image in the background. From the image, it can be seen that a fully constrained sketch is used and other extrude operations are performed on it.
	Projected curves are used to model the exhaust pipes. For both the files separate planes and projected curves are used in order to capture the curves in more accurate way and in such a way that later it will be convenient to change the dimension and curvatures as per the requirement.
Like the other parts are modelled, in the same way, the tank needs to be modelled and using proper curvatures and proper dimensions.
Boundary surface tools help us to form a smooth surface using guide curves and main curves. A smooth surface has been formed.
As per the requirement, different constraints are needed to be applied in order to mount different parts together.	It is necessary to mount the engine in the chassis and fixed it properly so that when we move the chassis the engine and other parts also get moved which means fixing all the parts along with the chassis.
	After performing the assembly the next step is to perform rendering for which different tools are used which are there in Solidworks.
	Parameters for rendering either for contour render or a cartoon render.
	A cartoon sketch can be made from rendering and it can be seen as above.
	A complete rendering has been done.