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Steady state simulation of flow over a throttle body I. Overview In the current project, steady-state simulation of flow over a throttle valve, placed in a pipe-elbow, is performed using CONVERGE CFD. II. Geometry The geometry used for performing simulation is attached below. III. Material Air (Predefined mixture) is used…
GAURAV KATIYAR
updated on 23 Apr 2020
Steady state simulation of flow over a throttle body
I. Overview
In the current project, steady-state simulation of flow over a throttle valve, placed in a pipe-elbow, is performed using CONVERGE CFD.
II. Geometry
The geometry used for performing simulation is attached below.
III. Material
Air (Predefined mixture) is used as the working fluid for performing gas simulation. Accordingy, the following global properties are utilized:
Turbulent Prandtl number: 0.9
Turbulent Schmidt number: 0.78
IV. Solver
The three dimensional Navier Stokes equations are solved using CONVERGE solver with the following settings:
i. Solver: Steady-state solver, Pressure-based
ii. Navier-Stokes solver scheme: PISO
iii. Simulation mode: Full hydrodynamic
iv. Gas flow solver: Compressible
v. Initial time-step: 1e-9s
vi. Minimum time-step: 1e-9s
vii. Maximum time-step: 1s
For performing steady-state simulation, the steady-state monitor is set up using average velocity at the outlet.
V. Initial conditions
The following settings are applied as the initial conditions:
Velocity: X-component: 0; Y-component: 0; Z-component: 0
Temperature: 300K
Pressure: 101325Pa
Species: Mass fractions: Oxygen: 0.23; Nitrogen: 0.77
VI. Boundary conditions
The following boundary conditions are applied:
1. Inlet: INFLOW type boundary condition is applied with the following settings:
Total pressure: 151987.5Pa
Velocity: Zero normal gradient
Temperature: 300K
Species: Mass fractions: Oxygen: 0.23; Nitrogen: 0.77
Turbulent kinetic energy (tke): Intensity=0.02 (fraction)
Turbulent dissipation (eps): Length scale=0.003m
2. Outlet: OUTFLOW type bundary condition is applied with the following settings:
Pressure: 101325Pa
Velocity: Zero normal gradient
Temperature backflow: 300K
Species backflow: Mass fractions: Oxygen:0.23; Nitrogen: 0.77
Turbulent kinetic energy (tke) backflow: Intensity=0.02 (fraction)
Turbulent dissipation (eps) backflow: Length scale=0.003m
3. Elbow_wall: WALL type boundary condition is applied with the following settings:
Wall motion type: Stationary
Surface movement: FIXED
Velocity: Law of wall
Temperature: Law ofwall; 300K
Turbulent kinetic energy (tke): Zero normal gradient
Turbulent dissipation (eps): Wall model
4. Throttle: WALL type boundary condition is applied with the following settings:
Wall motion type: Stationary
Surface movement: FIXED
Velocity: Law of wall
Temperature: Law of wall; 300K
Turbulent kinetic energy (tke): Zero normal gradient
Turbulent dissipation (eps): Wall model
VII. Grid
Computational grid with the following features is used for performing simulation:
i. Base grid size: dx=dy=dz=0.002m.
ii. Fixed embedding: Enabled; Entity type: Boundary; Boundary ID: Throttle; Mode: PERMANENT, Scale: 3, Embed layers: 2
The figure attached below shows the computational grid
VIII. Results
1. Mass flow rate
Mass flow rate at inlet and outlet are plotted over simulation cycles.
2. Average velocity
Average velocity at inlet and outlet are plotted over simulation cycles.
3. Static pressure
Static pressure at inlet and outlet are plotted over simulation cycles.
4. Cell count ranks
Cell count ranks are plotted over simulation cycles. According to the grid specifications 35518 computational cells are generated.
5. Pressure contours
Steady-state pressure contours are plotted over a cut-plane.
6. Velocity contours
Steady-state velocity contours are plotted over a cut-plane.
7. Velocity vectors
Steady-state velocity vectors are plotted over a cut-plane.
IX. Animations
1. Streamlines
The animation attached below displays the evolution of streamlines on a cut-plane over the simulation cycles.
2. Velocity contours
The animation attached below displays the evolution of velocity vectors on a cut-plane over the simulation cycles.
X. Discussions
1. The plot for mass flow rate indicates a good mass balance between inlet and outlet.
2. The plot for average velocity indicates that the average velocity at the outlet is 224.082m/s.
3. Pressure contours show maximum and minimum pressure values near the upstream and downstream locations of the throttle valve respectively.
4. Velocity contours show that a maximum velocity of 310m/s is achieved in the passage between throttle valve and pipe.
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