Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

1.Prepare a table which includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP and LTO type of lithium ion cells.Give your detailed explanation on it

ans:- 

1)Battery:- Battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for

                   powering electrical devices  such as mobiles ,laptops ,electrical vehicles etc.,

                  - When battery is supplying electric power in postive terminal is cathode and negative terminal is anode 

                 - the negative terminal is source of electrons(-ve) charge  flow through electric circuit  to the positive 

                    charge terminal +ve 

                 - when battery is connected to an external electric load ,a redox reaction converts high energy reactance in to                      low energy products and free energy differences is delivered in to the external circuit as electrical energy                         they are two types of batteries   1)primary cell        2) secondary cells

                 1)primary cells:- primary cells is  singlle used it cant be recharged for further uses (non-rechargeble)

                 2)secondary cells:-  secondary cells are chargable and uses multiple times 

Lithium -ion cells:-

          1. lithium ion cells is secondary type of batteries it rechargable and its further uses

          2.it have 4 main type components 

                       1.cathode  2.Anode     3. seperator    4.electrolyte 

!.Cathode:-  it is positive electrodes of cell . the cathode is usually made up of

                     layered transistion metal oxides has high capacity but high in cost and poor in safety

                  - Spinals:-High power density but poor in conductivity and stability

                   - Oliveness ;- less capacity but long life And high safety

2)Anode:- it is negative electrolytes of cell . it is made up of  1.graphite  and 2.hard carbon(the anodes is less in cost and                  high stability and capacity

3)Electrolyte:-

                   electrolyte is  a substances  it produces in an electrically  conducting solution it dissolved in polar solvent

                    . The dissolved electrolyte  separates in to cations and anions it disperse uniformly solvent

                    . generally lithium ion cells have electrolyte of organic solvents such  as ethylene carbonate ,dimethyle                                carbonate, propylene carbonate and lithium salt as solute

4)seperator:-

battery separates provides as a bridge barrier the anode(-ve) negative  And cathode (+ve positive ) while enabling  the exchange of lithium ions from one side to the other side

they are materials that conducts ions but they donot conduct the  electrons through them

li-ion cells use polyolefin as a seperator . This material has excellent mechanical properties ,good chemical stability  and low cost as well

--^ The battery is made up of an anodes ,cathode, separator,electrolyte and  two current collectors positive+ve and negative-ve  the anode and cathode  store the lithium

The electrolyte carriees positively charged lithium ions from the anode to cathode  vice versa through the separator 

the moment of lithium ion creates free electrons in the anode which creates a charge at the positive current collector 

The electricity current then flows  from the current collector through a device being powered(cellphone,computer,electric motor, etc., to the negative  current collector . the separate block flowsof the electrons inside the battery 

. While the battery  is discharging  and providing an electricity  current the anode releases  lithium ions to the cathode generating  a flow of electrons from one side to another side 

.- when charging in opposite  happens where lithium ions released by the cathode and received by anode

this is working priincipal of lithium ion battery

TYPES OF Lithium ion batteries;-

there are some types of lithium ion cells based on their chemical compositions and they are:

1. lithium cobalt oxide -Licoo2(LCO)

it is also called as lithium cobalt or lithium ion cobalt batteries,lithium cobalt oxide batteries made from lithium carbonate and cobalt

They have a cobalt oxide cathode and use graphite carbon as their anode material during discharge lithium ions move from anode and cathode with flow reversing  when the battery is Charging

this type of batteries as some drawbacks relatively short battery life and limited specific power .additionally batteries as not in safe as other types

2.Lithium manganese oxide -Limn2o4(LMO);-

-The first commercial lithium ion cells made with lithium manganese oxide as cathode oxide as cathode material were produced in 1996 by moli energy.

-lithium manganese oxide batteries are notable for their high temperature stability and also safer than other lithium ion batteries types

-for this reason they are the often used in medical equipmwnt and devices it is used in power tools,electric bikes and more

-it use to lithium  manganese oxide batteries to power laptopss and electric power train cars

3.Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide -LINICOAIO2(NCA):_

lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxide batteries(NCA) it is increasingly important in electric power trains in grid storage

-NCA batteries are not common in consumer industry  and promising for automative industry

-NCA batteries provide a high energy option with good life span but they are not as compared to other lithium ion battery types are quite costly

4.lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide -LiMNcOO2(NMC)

it is also lithium manganese cobalt oxide or NMC batteries include a cathode made combination of nickel(NI), manganese(MG) and co-cobalt

-lithium ion battery varieties NMC batteries  can have either  a high specific energy density or a high specific power they cant have both properties

this battery is commonly in power tools and powertrainsfor vehicles

-The cathode combination ratio is  60% nickel 20% cobalt,20%maganese the raw material cost lower than it is for other lithium battery ion  battery options as cobalt can be quite expensive

The batteries may come down price further in future  as battery makers are planing to switch their

-Battery chemistry is higher %of nickel so it can useless cobalt

this battery type is commonly preffered for electriuc vehicle due to its very low self heating  rate

5. Lithium iron phospate -LiFepo4(LFP)

it is also known as li-phospate batteries use phospate as cathode it low resistance properties its enhance safetyt  and thermal stability

-benifts include durability,long cycle fully charged batteries can stored with little change  to the total life span of batterie charge

-li-phospate batteries is the most cost effective as well long battery life is taken to consideration the lower voltage of li-phospate battery means it has less energy than other types of lithium batteries

-According batteris often used in electric motorscycles well as other applications that nees a long life cycle and significantly safety

6.Lithium titanium oxide-LITIO2(LTO):

it is lithium titanate and also li-titanate is a class battery allows for ever increasing applications advantage of lititanate battery is remarkable fast recharge time

-currently manafacture of electric vehicles and bikes use li-titanate  batteries it is potential for type of battery is used elecric busses for public transportation 

these batteries as lower inheritance voltage  lower energy density then lower lithiium ion battery varietiesit can present issues with powering vehicle effeciently the density of lithium titanate batteries is still higher than other non lithium ion batteries which is plus

2.Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion batteries based on their characteristics