Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry
** This challenge is for the 13th batch live session**
AIM:
1. To prepare a table that includes materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP, and LTO types of lithium-ion cells.
2. Compare the differences between each type of Li+ion battery based on their characteristics.
1. Materials & chemical reactions occurring at the anode and cathode of LCO, LMO, NCA, NMC, LFP, and LTO type of lithium-ion cells.
|
SL NO |
Type of Lithium-Ion Battery |
Chemical name |
Anode Material |
Cathode Material |
Separator |
Electrolyte |
Chemical reaction |
|
1 |
Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) |
LiCoO6 |
Graphite, Carbon (LiC6) |
Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) |
Polyolefin |
LiPF6 in Ethylene Carbonate |
Anode: LixC6 → xLi+ + Xe- + C Cathode: Li1-xCoO2 + xLi + xe- → LiCoO2 Redox Reaction: C6 + LiCoO2 → LiC6 + CoO2 |
|
2 |
Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) |
LiMn2O4 |
Graphite, Carbon (LiC6) |
Lithium manganese oxide |
Polyolefin |
LiPF6 in Ethylene Carbonate |
Anode: LixC6 → xLi+ + xe- + C6 Cathode: Li1-xMn2O4 + xLi+ +xe- → LiMn2O4 Redox Reaction: C6 + LiMn2O4 → LiC6 + Mn2O4 |
|
3 |
Lithium Nickel cobalt Aluminium oxide (NCA) |
LiNiCoAlO2 |
Graphite, Carbon (LiC6) |
Lithium Nickel cobalt Aluminium oxide |
Polyolefin |
LiPF6 in Ethylene Carbonate |
Anode: LixC6 → xLi+ + xe- +C6 Cathode: Li1-xNiCoAlO2 + xLi+ +xe- → LiNiCoAlO2 Redox reaction: C6 + LiNiCoAlO2 → LiC6 + NiCoAlO2 |
|
4 |
Lithium Nickel Manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) |
LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 |
Graphite, Carbon (LiC6) |
Lithium Nickel Manganese cobalt oxide |
Polyolefin |
LiPF6 in Ethylene Carbonate |
Anode: LixC6 → xLi+ + xe- + C6 Cathode: Li1-xNi0.8Mn0.1C00.1O2 + xLi+ +xe- Redox reaction: C6 + LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 → LiC6 + Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 |
|
5 |
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) |
LiFePO4 |
Graphite, Carbon (LiC6) |
Lithium Iron Phosphate |
Polyolefin |
LiPF6 in Ethylene Carbonate |
Anode: LixC6 → xLi+ +xe- +C6 Cathode: Li1-xFePO4 + xLi+ +xe- → LiFePO4 Redox reaction: C6 + LiFePO4 → LiC6FePO4 |
|
6 |
Lithium Titanium Oxide (LTO) |
LiMn2O4 |
Lithium Titanium Oxide |
Manganese oxide |
Polyolefin |
LiPF6 in Ethylene Carbonate |
Anode: Li4Ti5O12 → Ti5O12 + 4Li+ + 4e- Cathode: 4Li1-xMn2O4 + 4Li+ +4e- → 4LiMn2O4 Redox reaction: Li4Ti5O12 + 4Mn2O4 → 4LiMn2O4 + Ti5O12 |
2. Differences between each type of Li+ion battery based on their characteristics.
|
SL NO |
Type of Lithium-Ion Battery |
NOMINAL VOLTAGE (V) |
CYCLE (LIFE) |
CHARGE CURRENT RATE (C) |
DISCHARGE CURRENT RATE (C) |
THERMAL RUNAWAY (Degree C) |
PACKAGING (TYPICAL) |
SPECIFIC ENERGY(Wh/Kg) |
APPLICATIONS |
REMARKS |
|
1 |
Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) |
3.6(3.0 -4.2) range |
500-1000 |
0.7 – 1 C |
1 C |
150◦ C |
18650 Prismatic and pouch cell |
150 - 200 |
Laptops, Mobile phones, tablets, cameras |
High energy Limited power |
|
2 |
Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) |
3.7 (3.0 – 4.2) range |
300 - 700 |
0.7 – 1C |
1 C |
250◦ C |
Prismatic |
100 - 150 |
Medical devices, electric power trains, Power tools. |
High power Less capacity, safer than LCO |
|
3 |
Lithium Nickel cobalt Aluminium oxide (NCA) |
3.6 (3.0 -4.2) range |
500 - 1000 |
0.7 C |
1 C |
150◦ C |
18650 |
200 - 260 |
Medical, Industrial, and Electric power trains |
Long life, Fast charge, Wide temperature range, safe and expensive |
|
4 |
Lithium Nickel Manganese cobalt oxide (NMC |
3.6 (3.0 – 4.2) range |
1000+ |
0.7 – 1C |
1 – 2 C |
210◦ C |
18650, 21700 |
150 - 220 |
E-Bikes, Medical devices, EVs, Industrial |
High specific energy, Low self-heating rate |
|
5 |
Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) |
3.2 (2.5 – 3.65) range |
2000+ |
1 C |
1 C |
270◦ C |
18650, 32650 prismatic |
90 - 120 |
Stationary applications with high-capacity EV |
Flat discharge voltage, High power low capacity, safer |
|
6 |
Lithium Titanium Oxide (LTO) |
2.4 (1.8 – 2.85) range |
3000 - 7000 |
1 C |
10 C |
Highest |
Prismatic |
50 -80 |
Electric vehicle and energy storage system |
Highest capacity with moderate power. |