Challenge

Week 1 Understanding Different Battery Chemistry

#ANSWER 1:

Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO):

Cobalt oxide is used as a Cathode terminal. and Graphite carbon is at the anode terminal.

these batteries have short life span. and these are having low thermal stability.

Lithium Manganese Oxide(LMO):

*Here Manganese Oxide is acting as the Cathode.

* It has a three dimensional Architecture.

*It has Low Internal Resistance.

* It has High Thermal Stability due to its spinel structure.

*Its cycle life is limited.

LithiumNickelCobaltAluminiumOxide(NCA):

*It is used for special applications since 1999.

*It is similar to NMC in case of higher specific energy.

*It has long life span.

*It is developed from LithiumNickaleOxide and with the addition of aluminium it gives the greater chemical stability.

LithiumNickelManganeseCobaltOxide(NMC)

* It is most successful among li ion batteries.

*It is a cathode combination of NickleMonganeseCobalt

* It is used for Energy cells or power cells.

* These applications are E-bikes, electric power trains.

Lithium Iron phosphate(LFP):

*Here phosphate is used as a cathode material.

*Lithium phosphate offers good electro chemical performance

* It has long life cycle.

*It has good thermal stability.

LithiumTitanate(LTO):

*Here Lithium titanate is used as a anode material.

*It replaces Graphite in anode in typical li ion battery.

*It has a spinel structure.

*The cathode material we can use either Lithium Manganese oxide or NMC.

1. when charged or discharged at voltage level 1 to 3 volts

2. capacity of Lititanium oxide by involving additional two Lithium ions.

Type	Formula	Cathode	Anode	seperator	Application
LCO	LiCoO₂	Cobalt oxide	Graphite Carbon	polyolefin	Mobilebatteries, tablets cameras
LMO	LiMn₂O₄	Lithium Manganese oxide	Graphite Carbon	polyolefin	power tools, medical equipments
NCA	LiNiCoAlO₂	Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide	Graphite Carbon	polyolefin	Industrial ,medical , Tesla (Ev)
NMC	LiNiMnCoO₂	Lithium Nickel manganese cobalt oxide	Graphite Carbon	polyolefin	E-bikes,medical equipments
LFP	LiFePO₄	Lithium iron phosphate	Graphite Carbon	polyolefin	stationery with high current
LTO	Li₂TiO₃	Lithium Manganese oxide	Lithium Titanate	polyolefin	UPS , EV , solar street lightning

#ANSWER 2:

Type	Nominal Voltage( V)	Specific Energy (Wh/kg)	charging rate (in coloumbs)	discharging rate(in coloumbs)	cycle life	thermal runaway(in^oC)
LCO	3.6	150-200	0.7 - 1	1	500-1000	150
LMO	3.7	100-150	0.7 - 1	1	300-700	250
NCA	3.6	200-260	0.7	1	500	150
NMC	3.6	150-220	0.7 - 1	1	1000-2000	210
LFP	3.2	90-120	1	1	2000	270
LTO	2.4	50-80	1	10	3000-7000	safest among all

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